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Muscle Tissue: Lecturer Reham M.M. Almosawi Medical Microbiology

This document summarizes the three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and controls voluntary movement. Cardiac muscle is also striated, branched, and pumps blood through the heart. Smooth muscle is not striated and controls involuntary functions like digestion and fluid movement. Each type has distinct structural and functional characteristics.

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56 views10 pages

Muscle Tissue: Lecturer Reham M.M. Almosawi Medical Microbiology

This document summarizes the three main types of muscle tissue: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and controls voluntary movement. Cardiac muscle is also striated, branched, and pumps blood through the heart. Smooth muscle is not striated and controls involuntary functions like digestion and fluid movement. Each type has distinct structural and functional characteristics.

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mustafa7calligrapher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Muscle tissue

Lecturer Reham M.M. AlMosawi


Medical Microbiology
Muscle tissue
• There are 3 types of muscle tissues:
1. Skeletal muscle tissue.
2. Cardiac muscle tissue.
3. Smooth muscle tissue.
• Structure:
▪ The structure of these muscle tissues can be described from the
level of detail of the muscle fibers (muscle cells) through all the
other muscle structures and parts of structures that bind muscle
cells together enabling them to perform their functions.
• Functions:
▪ The functions of muscle tissues depend on the type of muscle
tissues and their locations in the body.
1. Skeletal Muscle Tissue

• Structure:
• Skeletal muscle is called "striated" because of its
appearance consisting of light and dark bands visible
using a light microscope.
• A single skeletal muscle cell is long and approximately
cylindrical in shape, with many nuclei located at the
edges (periphery) of the cell.

• Function:
1. Movement of the skeleton under conscious control,
including movement of limbs, fingers, toes, neck, etc.
2. Movement of tissues of facial expression under conscious
control, e.g. ability to smile and to frown.
Basic structure and terminology of skeletal muscle:
• A layer of dense connective tissue, which is known as epimysium
and is continuous with the tendon, surrounds each muscle
• A muscle is composed of numerous bundles of muscle fibers,
termed fascicles, which are separated from each other by a
connective tissue layer termed perimysium.
• Endomysium is the connective tissue that separates individual
muscle fibers from each other.
• Mature muscle cells are termed muscle fibers or myofibers and
they are often simply referred to as fibers.
• Each myofiber is a multinucleate syncytium.
• The plasma membrane of a muscle cell, called the sarcolemma,
separates the sarcoplasm (muscle cell cytoplasm) from the
extracellular surroundings.
2- Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Structure:
• Cardiac muscle fibers are striated, branched (sometimes
described as Y shaped), and have a single central nucleus.
• These fibers are attached at their ends to adjoining fibers
by thick plasma membranes called intercalated discs.

Function:
Pumping of blood through the heart: Alternate contraction
and relaxation of cardiac muscle pumps deoxygenated blood
through the right atrium and right ventricle to the lungs, and
oxygenated blood through the left atrium and left ventricle
to the aorta, then the rest of the body.
• Cardiac muscle cells usually have
a single (central) nucleus.
• The cells are often branched, and
are tightly connected by
specialised junctions.
• The region where the ends of the
cells are connected to another
cell is called an intercalated disc.
• The intercalated
disc contains gap
junctions, adhering
junctions and desmosomes.
3- Smooth Muscle Tissue
• Structure:
• Unlike Skeletal and Cardiac muscle tissue, Smooth muscle is NOT
striated.
• Smooth muscle fibers are small and tapered with the ends
reducing in size, in contrast to the cylindrical shape of skeletal
muscle. Each smooth muscle fiber has a single centrally located
nucleus.
• Function:
1. Contractions of smooth muscle constrict the vessels they
surround. This is particularly important in the digestive system in
which the action of smooth muscle helps to move food along the
gastrointestinal tract as well as breaking the food down further.
2. Smooth muscle also contributes to moving fluids through the
body and to the elimination of indigestible matter from the
gastrointestinal system.
Smooth Muscle Tissue
• Smooth muscle is made
up of cells that contain a
single central nucleus.
• The cells stick together
and are connected by
specialised cell
junctions.
• The cells are spindle
shaped, and the nucleus
is central.
Thank you!

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