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Realization of Logic Gates Using DTL, TTL, ECL, Etc: Experiment No. 13

The document describes experiments to realize basic logic gates using resistor-transistor logic (RTL) and diode-transistor logic (DTL) circuits. It provides circuit diagrams and truth tables for NOT, AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates. RTL uses a transistor and resistor to implement logical negation. DTL uses a diode network for logic functions and a transistor for amplification. The experiment connects the circuits and applies input voltages to verify the truth tables are realized as expected.

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Sruthi Reddy
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7K views

Realization of Logic Gates Using DTL, TTL, ECL, Etc: Experiment No. 13

The document describes experiments to realize basic logic gates using resistor-transistor logic (RTL) and diode-transistor logic (DTL) circuits. It provides circuit diagrams and truth tables for NOT, AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates. RTL uses a transistor and resistor to implement logical negation. DTL uses a diode network for logic functions and a transistor for amplification. The experiment connects the circuits and applies input voltages to verify the truth tables are realized as expected.

Uploaded by

Sruthi Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

13
Realization of Logic Gates using DTL, TTL, ECL, etc.

Aim: To realize the truth table of basic gate (NOT, AND, OR) and universal gates (NAND
and NOR) using RTL (using Resistor Transistor Logic)/ DTL (Diode Transistor Logic)
circuits.

EQUIPMENT: Resistor, diode, transistor, LED, 5-volt power supply, IC and connecting
wires.

Circuit diagram:

[1] NOT Gate YA


:

Figure 1: RTL as NOT gate


[2] AND Gate : Y= A . B

Figure 2: Diode circuit as AND gate

[3] OR Gate : Y= A + B
[4] NAND Gate : Y  A.B

Figure 4: DTL as NAND Gate

[5] NOR
YAB
Gate:

Figure 5: DTL as NOR Gate

Observation
:

1. Truth Table for NOT gate

A A
0 1
1 0
2. Truth Table for AND gate

A B A.B
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

3. Truth Table for OR gate

A B A+B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

4. Truth Table for NAND gate

A B A.B Y  A.B
0 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0
5. Truth Table for NOR gate

A B A+B YAB
0 0 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0

4. Theory:

RTL logic family:

A bipolar transistor switch is the simplest RTL gate (inverter or NOT gate) implementing logical
negation. It consists of a common-emitter stage with a base resistor connected between the base and
the input voltage source. The role of the base resistor is to expand the very small transistor input
voltage range (about 0.7 V) to the logical "1" level (about 3.5 V) by converting the input voltage
into current. Its resistance is settled by a compromise: it is chosen low enough to saturate the
transistor and high enough to obtain high input resistance. The role of the collector resistor is to
convert the collector current into voltage; its resistance is chosen high enough to saturate the
transistor and low enough to obtain low output resistance (high fan-out).
DTL logic family:

Diode–transistor logic (DTL) is a class of digital circuits that is the direct ancestor of transistor–


transistor logic. It is called so because the logic gating function (e.g., AND) is performed by a diode
network and the amplifying function is performed by a transistor (in contrast with RTL and TTL).
Diode logic was used with vacuum tubes in the earliest electronic computers in the 1940s
including ENIAC. Diode–transistor logic (DTL) was used in the IBM 608 which was the first all-
transistorized computer. Early transistorized computers were implemented using discrete
transistors, resistors, diodes and capacitors.

The first diode–transistor logic family of integrated circuits was introduced by Signetics in 1962.
DTL was also made by Fairchild and Westinghouse. A family of diode logic and diode–transistor
logic integrated circuits was developed by Texas Instruments for the D-37C Minuteman II
Guidance Computer in 1962, but these devices were not available to the public.

A variant of DTL called "high-threshold logic" incorporated Zener diodes to create a large offset
between logic 1 and logic 0 voltage levels. These devices usually ran off a 15 volt power supply
and were found in industrial control, where the high differential was intended to minimize the
effect of noise.

6. Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figures with given elements.

2. Apply the voltages combinations according to the given table.

3. Tabulate the results.

7. Result:

The truth tables for basic logic gates are verified.

8. Precaution:
1. Input must be off 5 volts.
2. Connections should be jointed correctly.
3. Connections must be tight.

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