Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region II
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CAUAYAN CITY
CAUAYAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL - MAIN
Turayong, Cauayan City, Isabela

LESSON 5

Prepared by: Checked by: Reviewed and Approved:

JOHN DAVID C. CADIENTE CANDIDO P. CORPUZ, JR. JOHN R. MINA

Subject Teacher OIC, Assistant SHS Principal Secondary School Principal IV

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 MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES
LEARNING COMPETENCIES

• compares potential sources of media and information

• interviews an elder from the community regarding indigenous media and information
resource

LESSON PROPER

Access to various information is easy nowadays since the advent of the Internet through the
global village of connectivity and also allowing then to share information across. With vast
information available, which of the following best fits to be a good source of information. And
with this information are they all reliable, relevant and timely? Does it come from credible
sources?

In gathering information, there are basic research tools that we can use, which are as follows:
• Library Catalogs - use to find location and holdings of books, periodicals and other
material within libraries.
• Article Databases - to find articles on specific subjects. Especially useful in finding
scholarly and academic journal articles.
• Reference Resources - finding aids such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases,
almanacs, etc.
• Search Engines - use to find Websites and other Internet resources

According to UNESCO, Media refers to the combination of physical objects used to

communicate or mass communication through physical objects. Media are a source of credible
information in which contents are provided through an editorial process determined by
journalistic values and therefore editorial accountability can be attributed to an organization or
a legal person.

Sources of Information

Library is a building, room, or organization that has a collection, especially of books, for
people to read or borrow, usually without payment.

Classification of Library (These libraries may be either digital or

physical in form.)

• Academic Libraries serve colleges and universities.

• Public Libraries serve cities and towns of all types.
• School Libraries serve students from Kindergarten to
grade 12.
• Special Libraries are in specialized environments, such
as hospitals, corporations, museums, the military, private
business, and the government.

Libraries of published books are often considered highly

reliable, accurate, and valuable. Books and documents from
dominant sources are often peer reviewed. ISSN or ISBN
registration ensures that standards were followed in
producing these materials.

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Internet

Internet is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified
by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed
via the Internet

the Web allows you to access most types of information on the Internet through a browser.
One of the main features of the Web is the ability to quickly link to other related information.
The Web contains information beyond plain text, including sounds, images, and video.

Indigenous Media

Indigenous are native; local; originating or produced naturally in a particular region and they
have Indigenous communication in which transmission of information through local channels
or forms. It is a means by which culture is preserved, handed down, and adapted.

Indigenous Media are owned, controlled and managed by

indigenous peoples in order for them to develop and produce
culturally appropriate information in the languages understood
by the community by utilizing indigenous materials and
resources, reflecting community needs and interests, visions
and aspirations, and independent from vested interest groups.
(Indigenous Media, Freedom of Expression and Right to
Information: ASEAN Scenario, 2014) Hudhud Chants of the Ifugao
© Renato S. Rastrollo / NCCA -ICH /UNESCO
https://ich.unesco.org/en/oral-traditions-and-expressions-00053

Indigenous Knowledge (IK) is the local knowledge – knowledge that is unique to a

given culture or society. IK contrasts with the international knowledge system
generated by universities, research institutions and private firms. (Warren 1991)

Characteristics
• oral tradition of communication
• store information in memories
• information exchange is face-to-face
• information contains within the border of the community

Think of this:
• Which of the following sources of information you frequently used? Why?
• Do you gather good information?

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Validating Sources of Information

In order to validate the information gathered from a source, individual must do the following:

Reliability of information - Information is said to be reliable if it can be verified

R and evaluated. Others refer to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the
reliability of information.

Accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of

A
accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated. Forecasts
are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual data. Financial
information is considered accurate if the values are correct, properly classified,
and presented

R Relevance - Information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or

improving decisions.

Authority of the source - Much of the information we gather daily do not come
A from a primary source but are passed on through secondary sources such as
writers, reporters, and the like. Sources with an established expertise on the
subject matter are considered as having sound authority on the subject.

Timeliness - reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the
T time it was produced or acquired. While a piece of information may have been
found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time it was produced, it may
become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time (thus making it less
valuable). Other information may be timeless, proven to be the same in reliability,
accuracy, and value throughout history.

Determining the reliability of information

1. Check the author. The author’s willingness to be identified is a good indication of

reliability.
2. Check the date of publication or of update. While the information may be true, it
may not be reliable if it is outdated and may have lost relevance.
3. Check for citations. Reliable authors have the discipline of citing sources of their
information.
4. Check the domain or owner of the site or page. The domains .edu and .gov are
reserved for academic institutions and the government respectively. Information from
such sites are presented with caution and are usually well-grounded. Site owners may
have an agenda that affects the manner by which information is presented.
5. Check the site design and the writing style. Credible sources take time to make
their information accessible and easy to comprehend

Source: http://www.library.illinois.edu/ugl/howdoi/selectingsources.html
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 Think of this:
• How do you find information that matches to your needs?

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Think of this:
• How important does sources of information to one’s work? Explain
substantially

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Let’s do this:
• Interview two elders coming from two families. They will ask about cultural
beliefs or practices in the community valued by the elders. You need to
identify and gather information to at least two cultural beliefs or practices.
Document your interview and create a short narrative report.
•

REFERENCES
• Media and Information Literacy Curriculum Guide by DepEd Retrieved December 10, 2017
• Media and Information Literacy Teaching Guide for Senior High School by CHED, 2016 Retrieved
December 10, 2017
• Cantor, O. (2016). Media and Information Literacy. 1253 G. Araneta, Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc.
• Indigenous Media, Freedom of Expression and Right to Information: ASEAN Scenario, 2014
• Arnel Ping PPT “Media and Information Sources” Retrieved December 10, 2017
• Identifying Information Sources, University of Michigan-Flint (2019) retrieved from
https://www.umflint.edu/library/identifying-information-sources

Photos
• http://thepoliticalcarnival.net/tag/information-overload/
• https://ich.unesco.org/en/oral-traditions-and-expressions-00053
• http://www.library.illinois.edu/ugl/howdoi/selectingsources.html

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ANNEX A
Advantages/Disadvantages Of Information Sources

Source Advantage Disadvantage

• Easy to access • Quickly out of date
• Scope for greater depth of coverage than • Quality of indexing varies
Books journal • Time consuming to search/scan
• Overview • Expensive to buy
• Portable • Storage problems
• Familiar • Access to libraries may be limited
• Reduced cost if can borrow from library • Heavy
• More current • Not necessarily an overview
• May be available free on-line • Not all titles indexed
• May be peer reviewed • Time consuming to search/scan
Primary journals
• Easy to access • May not have access to all titles
• Portable electronically
• Problems with peer review
• Have structured abstract • Summaries only
• Comments from independent experts • Brief results only
• Critically appraised evidence • May not have access to all titles
Secondary journals
• Methodologically sound studies electronically
• Strict inclusion criteria • Don’t cover all topic areas
• Clinically relevant studies
Abstracts and • Broad overview of literature • Limited depth
indexes • Generally good quality • Abstracts often written by authors -biased?
Reference lists & • Useful pointers to related literature on topic • Subjective selection by another
bibliographies • Pulls out good quality articles • Unclear criteria
• Personal, specific for your needs • Bias
• Easily accessible • Variability in willingness and motivation to
Supervisors, • Shared interest in quality improvement help
colleagues, mentors • Team goals • Priorities may be different
• Encourages communication amongst teams • May be large travelling distances
• Time pressure
• Very up-to-date • No central directory; information and sites
• Valuable/unique information difficult to locate
• Professional networking information • No censorship or editing procedures
Internet exchange • No quality guarantee/not validated
• Full-text • Can be slow depending on network
• Access to world-wide information • Needs computer and ICT skills
• 24-hour access • Costs of getting addicted-time wasted?
• Speed of delivery • Attachments can be difficult to deal with
• Documents, multimedia clips can be • Electronic junk mail (‘spam’) can annoy
attached to messages • Threat of viruses within attachments
E-mail • Replies and forwarding of messages
handled by software
• Private messages can be encrypted
• Active web-page address links
• One-to-many communication • Most people ‘lurk’ during discussion
• Subject specific • Require care with ’netiquette’ (etiquette
• Free to subscribe between lists using the net)
• Can be set up to receive weekly digests only • Amount of messages vary
Mailing lists
• Access to wide range of opinion • Mistakes sent to everybody
• Very cheap means of dissemination • Difficult to sustain discussion
• Can be open or closed to public
• Central archives have search/browse facility
• Very wide range of journals indexed • Not fully up-to-date
• Regular updating • Only some have access to full text
• Time saving • Bias (e.g MEDLINE=US,
Bibliographic • User-friendly? Embase=European)
databases • Free-text (textword) searching supported • Reflects publication bias
• Controlled vocabularies • Not always accessible
• Fast/sophisticated search facilities • Sometimes hard to use
• Difficult to acquire foreign articles
• Universally available • US bias
• International coverage • Selective journal coverage
Medline/Pubmed • Thesaurus-controlled indexing • Poor indexing
• Search by publication type
• Quality filters available

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Name: ___________________________________________ Score: ______________

ACTIVITY

Directions: Determine what media can be the best source with the following needed
information. (Library, Internet, Indigenous Media indicate the title/address of the media) Explain substantially with
your answers.

1. Weather forecast
Best Source: ____________________________________________________________
Explanation: ____________________________________________________________
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2. The death of Emilio Aguinaldo

Best Source: ____________________________________________________________
Explanation: ____________________________________________________________
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3. Statistical data about the population in Asian Countries

Best Source: ____________________________________________________________
Explanation: ____________________________________________________________
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4. Sagada Death Rituals

Best Source: ____________________________________________________________
Explanation: ____________________________________________________________
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