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Introduction & Free Body Diagrams: Luke Macdonald, Masc., P.Eng. Luke - Macdonald@Smu - Ca

This document covers an introduction to mechanics of materials including free body diagrams, equilibrium in 2D and 3D, and types of supports. The key topics discussed are: defining equilibrium as resulting forces and moments equal to zero, drawing free body diagrams showing all external forces, applying the equations of equilibrium to solve for reactions, and examples of different support conditions like roller, pin, and fixed supports.

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asif
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33 views

Introduction & Free Body Diagrams: Luke Macdonald, Masc., P.Eng. Luke - Macdonald@Smu - Ca

This document covers an introduction to mechanics of materials including free body diagrams, equilibrium in 2D and 3D, and types of supports. The key topics discussed are: defining equilibrium as resulting forces and moments equal to zero, drawing free body diagrams showing all external forces, applying the equations of equilibrium to solve for reactions, and examples of different support conditions like roller, pin, and fixed supports.

Uploaded by

asif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2020-05-19

 Module 3-1 – Introduction & Free


Body Diagrams
 Module 3-2 – Equilibrium in 2-D
 Module 3-3 – Equilibrium in 3-D

Luke MacDonald, MASc., P.Eng.


[email protected]

 A mechanical system is isolated


when all external forces acting on it
are accounted for
 A body is in equilibrium when:
Introduction & Free  Resultant force is zero
Body Diagrams  Resultant moment is zero
 External forces include:
 Applied
 Body
 Reactive

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 An FBD is a graphical representation


of all external forces acting on an
isolated body, and includes:
 Sketch of rigid body
REACTIVE REACTIVE
 ALL external forces (magnitudes and
orientations) FORCES MOMENTS
 Relevant dimensions/Labels  To identify  To identify
reactive forces, reactive moments,
 Axes system consider if the
consider if the
rigid body can rigid body can
rotate about a
translate in a given given axis:
direction:  If it is free to rotate:
 If it is free to move: no reaction
no reaction force moment
 If movement is  If rotations are
restrained: reaction restrained: reaction
force is applied moment is applied

Reactions Reactions

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Reactions

 If all forces acting on an isolated


body are concurrent, the following
equilibrium equations may be
applied:
Equilibrium in 2-D Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0

Physical
System

Free Body
Diagram

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 For a general application of 2-D  The force exerted by a spring is a


forces and couple moments on an function of the
isolated body, the following scaler extension/compression of the
equilibrium equations apply: spring from the neutral position:

Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0 𝐹𝑠 = 𝐾𝑥
Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0
Σ𝑀𝑜 = 0

 The tension in a cable running over  2-force members are linkages that
an ideal frictionless pulley is the transfer a force along a single axis
same on both sides:  They are identified by the following
criteria:
 Pin connections at each end
 No other forces/moments/connections

Physical FBD of Rope FBD of


System and Pulley Rope/Pulley
System

2-Force
Member

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SECTION 2: SECTION 3:
STATICALLY STATICALLY FORCE SYSTEM EQUILIBRIUM
DETERMINANT INDETERMINATE RESULTANTS
 Involves reducing a  Involves the
 Reactions may be  Contain redundant force system (forces isolation of a rigid
determined from the reaction forces and couples) to the body through the
simplest possible form construction of a
principles of statics  May not collapse if 1
such that the external
alone or more supports fail reactions remain the free body diagram
 In 2-D: ≤ 3 unknowns same and calculation of
 Sample language: the external
 In 3-D: ≤ 6 unknowns
 Calculate the resultant reactions
force and indicate  Sample language:
where it acts on the  Calculate the
rigid body reaction forces at
 Reduce the force the supports
system to a force-
couple system at A

 The process for


Physical
calculating System
reaction forces
in 3-D is very
Equilibrium in 3-D similar to 2-D
 Identify rigid
body to isolate
 Draw complete
FBD
 Apply equilibrium
equations

Free Body
Diagram

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Ball &
Socket

Fixed

Roller

 Properly aligned journal bearings  If all forces acting on an isolated


generally do not produce moment body are concurrent, the following
reactions equilibrium equations may be
 Equilibrium is maintained through applied: Σ𝐹 = 0
𝑥
force reactions which prevent Σ𝐹𝑦 = 0
rotation: Physical
Physical System
Σ𝐹𝑧 = 0
Free Body
System
Diagram

Free Body
Diagram

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 For a general application of 2-D


forces and couple moments on an
isolated body, the following
equilibrium equations apply:
Vector Equations Scaler Equations
Σ𝑭 = 0 Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
Σ𝑴 = 0 Σ𝐹𝑥 = 0
Σ𝑀𝑥 = 0
Σ𝑀𝑦 = 0
Σ𝑀𝑧 = 0

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