Practice Multiple Choice Questions and F
Practice Multiple Choice Questions and F
Chapter 4
Which of the following assumptions are required to show the consistency, unbiasedness and efficiency of the OLS estimator?
1 i) E(ut) = 0
ii) Var(ut) = σ2
iii) Cov(ut, utj) = 0 ∀ j
iv) ut~N(0, σ2)
a) (ii) and (iv) only
b) (i) and (iii) only
c) (i), (ii), and (iii) only
d) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
Which of the following may be consequences of one or more of the CLRM assumptions being violated?
2 i) The coefficient estimates are not optimal
ii) The standard error estimates are not optimal
iii) The distributions assumed for the test statistics are inappropriate
iv) Conclusions regarding the strength of relationships between the dependent
and independent variables may be invalid.
a) (ii) and (iv) only
b)
(i) and (iii) only
c)
(i), (ii), and (iii) only
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d) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
What is the meaning of the term "heteroscedasticity"?
3
a) The variance of the errors is not constant
b) The variance of the dependent variable is not constant
c) The errors are not linearly independent of one another
d) The errors have nonzero mean
For questions 4 and 5, consider the following regression model
Suppose that a researcher is interested in conducting White's heteroscedasticity test using the residuals from an estimation of (2).
4 What would be the most appropriate form for the auxiliary regression?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Suppose that model (2) is estimated using 100 quarterly observations, and that a test of the type described in question 4 is
5 conducted. What would be the appropriate χ2 critical value with which to compare the test statistic, assuming a 10% size of test?
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a) 2.71
b) 118.50
c) 11.07
d) 9.24
What would be then consequences for the OLS estimator if heteroscedasticity is present in a regression model but ignored?
6
a)
It will be biased
b)
It will be inconsistent
c) It will be inefficient
d)
All of (a), (b) and (c) will be true.
Which of the following are plausible approaches to dealing with a model that exhibits heteroscedasticity?
7 i) Take logarithms of each of the variables
ii) Use suitably modified standard errors
iii) Use a generalised least squares procedure
iv) Add lagged values of the variables to the regression equation.
a) (ii) and (iv) only
b) (i) and (iii) only
c) (i), (ii), and (iii) only
d) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
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Negative residual autocorrelation is indicated by which one of the following?
8
a) A cyclical pattern in the residuals
b) An alternating pattern in the residuals
c) A complete randomness in the residuals
d)
Residuals that are all close to zero
Which of the following could be used as a test for autocorrelation up to third order?
9
a)
The Durbin Watson test
b)
White's test
c)
The RESET test
d) The BreuschGodfrey test
If a Durbin Watson statistic takes a value close to zero, what will be the value of the first order autocorrelation coefficient?
10
a)
Close to zero
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b) Close to plus one
c) Close to minus one
d)
Close to either minus one or plus one
Suppose that the Durbin Watson test is applied to a regression containing two explanatory variables plus a constant (e.g. equation 2
11 above) with 50 data points. The test statistic takes a value of 1.53. What is the appropriate conclusion?
a)
Residuals appear to be positively autocorrelated
b)
Residuals appear to be negatively autocorrelated
c)
Residuals appear not to be autocorrelated
d) The test result is inconclusive
Suppose that a researcher wishes to test for autocorrelation using an approach based on an auxiliary regression. Which one of the
12 following auxiliary regressions would be most appropriate?
a)
b)
c)
d)
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If OLS is used in the presence of autocorrelation, which of the following will be likely consequences?
13 i) Coefficient estimates may be misleading
ii) Hypothesis tests could reach the wrong conclusions
iii) Forecasts made from the model could be biased
iv) Standard errors may inappropriate
a) (ii) and (iv) only
b) (i) and (iii) only
c) (i), (ii), and (iii) only
d) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
Which of the following are plausible approaches to dealing with residual autocorrelation?
14 i) Take logarithms of each of the variables
ii) Add lagged values of the variables to the regression equation
iii) Use dummy variables to remove outlying observations
iv) Try a model in first differenced form rather than in levels.
a) (ii) and (iv) only
b) (i) and (iii) only
c) (i), (ii), and (iii) only
d) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
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Which of the following could result in autocorrelated residuals?
15
i) Slowness of response of the dependent variable to changes in the values of the independent variables
ii) Overreactions of the dependent variable to changes in the independent variables
iii) Omission of relevant explanatory variables that are autocorrelated
iv) Outliers in the data
a) (ii) and (iv) only
b) (i) and (iii) only
c) (i), (ii), and (iii) only
d) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
Including relevant lagged values of the dependent variable on the right hand side of a regression equation could lead to which one
16 of the following?
a) Biased but consistent coefficient estimates
b) Biased and inconsistent coefficient estimates
c) Unbiased but inconsistent coefficient estimates
d) Unbiased and consistent but inefficient coefficient estimates.
Near multicollinearity occurs when
17
a) Two or more explanatory variables are perfectly correlated with one another
b) The explanatory variables are highly correlated with the error term
c) The explanatory variables are highly correlated with the dependent variable
d)
Two or more explanatory variables are highly correlated with one another
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Which one of the following is NOT a plausible remedy for near multicollinearity?
18
a) Use principal components analysis
b) Drop one of the collinear variables
c) Use a longer run of data
d) Take logarithms of each of the variables
What will be the properties of the OLS estimator in the presence of multicollinearity?
19
a) It will be consistent, unbiased and efficient
b) It will be consistent and unbiased but not efficient
c) It will be consistent but not unbiased
d) It will not be consistent
Which one of the following is NOT an example of misspecification of functional form?
20
a) Using a linear specification when y scales as a function of the squares of x
b) Using a linear specification when a doublelogarithmic model would be more appropriate
c)
Modelling y as a function of x when in fact it scales as a function of 1/x
d)
Excluding a relevant variable from a linear regression model
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If the residuals from a regression estimated using a small sample of data are not normally distributed, which one of the following
21 consequences may arise?
a) The coefficient estimates will be unbiased but inconsistent
b) The coefficient estimates will be biased but consistent
c) The coefficient estimates will be biased and inconsistent
d) Test statistics concerning the parameters will not follow their assumed distributions.
A leptokurtic distribution is one which
22
a) Has fatter tails and a smaller mean than a normal distribution with the same mean and variance
b) Has fatter tails and is more peaked at the mean than a normal distribution with the same mean and variance
c) Has thinner tails and is more peaked at the mean than a normal distribution with the same mean and variance
d) Has thinner tails than a normal distribution and is skewed.
Under the null hypothesis of a BeraJarque test, the distribution has
23
a) Zero skewness and zero kurtosis
b) Zero skewness and a kurtosis of three
c) Skewness of one and zero kurtosis
d) Skewness of one and kurtosis of three.
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Which one of the following would be a plausible response to a finding of residual nonnormality?
24
a) Use a logarithmic functional form instead of a linear one
b) Add lags of the variables on the right hand side of the regression model
c) Estimate the model in first differenced form
d) Remove any large outliers from the data.
A researcher tests for structural stability in the following regression model:
25
(3)
The total sample of 200 observations is split exactly in half for the subsample regressions. Which would be the unrestricted
residual sum of squares?
a) The RSS for the whole sample
b) The RSS for the first subsample
c) The RSS for the second subsample
d) The sum of the RSS for the first and second subsamples
Suppose that the residual sum of squares for the three regressions corresponding to the Chow test described in question 35 are
26 156.4, 76.2 and 61.9. What is the value of the Chow Ftest statistic?
a) 4.3
b) 7.6
c) 5.3
d) 8.6
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What would be the appropriate 5% critical value for the test described in questions 25 and 26?
27
a) 2.6
b) 8.5
c) 1.3
d) 9.2
Suppose now that a researcher wants to run a forward predictive failure test on the last 5 observations using the same model and
28 data as in question 25. Which would now be the unrestricted residual sum of squares?
a) The RSS for the whole sample regression
b) The RSS for the long subsample regression
c) The RSS for the short subsample regression
d) The sum of the RSS for the long and short subsample regressions.
If the two RSS for the test described in question 28 are 156.4 and 128.5, what is the value of the test statistic?
29
a) 13.8
b) 14.3
c) 8.3
d) 8.6
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If a relevant variable is omitted from a regression equation, the consequences would be that:
30 i) The standard errors would be biased
ii) If the excluded variable is uncorrelated with all of the included variables, all of
the slope coefficients will be inconsistent.
iii) If the excluded variable is uncorrelated with all of the included variables, the
intercept coefficient will be inconsistent.
iv) If the excluded variable is uncorrelated with all of the included variables, all of
the slope and intercept coefficients will be consistent and unbiased but inefficient.
a) (ii) and (iv) only
b) (i) and (iii) only
c) (i), (ii), and (iii) only
d) (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv)
A parsimonious model is one that
31
a) Includes too many variables
b) Includes as few variables as possible to explain the data
c) Is a wellspecified model
d) Is a misspecified model
Which one of the following is a disadvantage of the general to specific or "LSE" ("Hendry") approach to building econometric
32 models, relative to the specific to general approach?
a) Some variables may be excluded at the first stage leading to coefficient biases
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b) The final model may lack theoretical interpretation
c)
The final model may be statistically inadequate
d) If the initial model is misspecified, all subsequent steps will be invalid.
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