Tip Strip Question 3: These words. allhive a simlar meaning, But which one i sed 10. refer to a precise location? Question 5: These are all lang phrases, but ony tone of them tel you that another surprising thing Sal fallow Question 8: Only one of these verbs is usually teed together with the oun ‘opportunity’. Part 1 For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fito cach gap. There ia an example at the beginning (0) In the exam, mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Example: 0 A hit B knocked € banged D_ beat (piers = The Mysterious Isle In the early morning of 23 January, 2009, the most powerful storm for a decade (0) ...... western France. With wind speeds in (1)... of 120 miles per hour, it flattened forests, (2) ...... down power lines and caused massive destruction to buildings and roads. But it also left behind an extraordinary ereation. Seven miles ‘out to sea at the (3) ...... where the Atlantic Ocean meets the estuary of the River Gironde, a smail island had (4) ........ out of the water, Locals soon gave it the name ‘The Mysterious Isle, What was so remarkable, (6)... its sudden apparition, ‘was the fact that the island (6) ...... ntact in what is often quite a hostile sea environment. t could well become a permanent (7)... Scientists quickly realised that the island's appearance (8) ....... a unique opportunity to study the creation and development of a new ecosystem. Within months, ithad been colonised by seabirds, insects and vegetation. 4A surplus B advance excess D put 2 A fetched B_ brought © carried D. sent 3. A scene B_ mark © stage D_ point 4A tisen B grown © ited D. surfaced 5 A inspiteof B insteadof C apartfrom Don account of 6 A prolonged B remained resided D_ persevered 7 A item B issue C matter D feature 8 A delivered B awarded proposed © offered MEM esr 1: reaping ano ust oF encuistTip Strip Question 8; Which prepostion s used with thevverD fo ‘invest’? Question 11: which word completes the Common expression that tel you that another point is going tobe made? Question 12: You need a possessive pronoun here. Part 2 For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ane word in oach gap. Thore ie an example at the beginning (0) In the exam, write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. 0] [efRlelalr Example: Choosing Binoculars For independent travellers, a good pair of binoculars often represents an essential piece of kit. Unless you're planning to do a (0)....... deal of bird-watching or other specialist activities, however, there's no need to invest (9) ....... full-size pair. ‘Compact binoculars are fine when (10) ...... comes to general all-purpose viewing jn good light. What's (11) they are certainly easier to carry round. Everyone has (12) ....... own idea of what makes a comfortable pair of binoculars, When you're considering (13) ...... of the many brands and modolo on the market you should choose, don’t base your decision on price alone. A better idea (14) ... to pop down w your local phulugraphic sture and (19) ...... those that fell within your price range a test run. (16) ......«. YOU might lke the look of a particular pair, you may not find the handling and viewing position comfortable. Finally, make sure the binoculars come with a decent case and a comfortable neck strap. These details can make all the difference ‘when you're out in the field. EST 1: READING AND USE OF eNGLisk IESETip strip Question 17: You need to add a prefixto create {he opposite meaning ot this word. Question 19: Add anotner word 0 et to form a compound word wich completes a common collation with “retai. Your answer needs to be plural Question 73 what aun can you make from this verb? It means ‘us’ Ouestion 24: Add a suffix to make a noun, ‘Which letter from the verb isdroppea? Part For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end fof come of the linge to form a word that fite in tho gap In the came line, Thre io on ‘example al the beginning (0). In the exam, waite your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. Example: {0| [D|A|I|L|Y The Inventor of the Bar Code ‘Although you may never have heard of Joe Woodland, you almost cartainly uce hie invention on a (0) bacic. DAY For Joe was the man who came up with the idea of the bar code — that litle box containing parallel lines Of (17) .....« REGULAR wilh etd (18) ..ocsee Ura YOU find UF the pecan LONG of most products that are offered for sale at retail (19) ........ LeT world wide. Joe Woodland actually invented the bar code way back in 1949, when the manager of a supermarket in Philadelphia asked him to design an electronic (20) CHECK system which would be both simple and effective. The .. information ‘CODED purpose of the bar code is to store (24) about the produit, whieh (22) speeds un the POTENTIAL process of recording sales and restocking the shelves, ‘The idea was way ahead of its time however, and didn't find any immediate practical (23) ... Itwas the APPLY (24) ......... of laser gun technology decades later which ARRIVE, allowed Joe's invention to come into everyday use. TEEN est +: Reapine Ano use oF encuishTip Strip ‘Question 25: You need a phrase that talks about time. It aso has 2 definite antice. Question 26: The key, ‘word isan adjectne, ‘Which verb usually comes before it? ‘question 27: Ine key ‘word comes fist in the ‘gap, and needs to be Followed by an adjective ‘and noun combination. (Change two words from the input sentence to sake this expression. ‘You also need to add anartcle. ‘Question zy: Hing the adjective in the input Sentence. Use the noun ‘Of thie word in the new phase, Part For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the firat sentenoo, using tho word given. De not change the word given. You ‘must use between three and six words, including the word given. Here is an exemple (0). Exampl 0 Chloe would only eat a pizza if sne could nave @ mushroom topping, oN Chive ssnonnnnnnne 8 MMustnUTH Lapping when she ate a pizza. ‘The gap cen be filled with the'words ‘insisted on having’, s0 you write: Example: | 0 || INSISTED ON HAVING In the exam, write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. 25 We were late arriving at the cinema and so missed the start of the film. BY The film had \we arrived at the cinema. 26 Simon found the recipe book very hard to follow. DIFFICULTY Simon in following the recipe book. 27 The ice-skater performed faultlessly and received full marks. GAVE The ice-skater and received full marks. 28 | was just about to call you to see what time you were coming, POINT Vas 1 YOu to see what time you were coming 29 Harry was disappointed to hear the news that the match had heen cancelled, CAME News of the cancellation of the match wn... to Harry. 30 At this time of year, the area is often affected by violent storms, FEELS Atthis time of year, the area often ... violent storms, Test 1: READING ANO Use oF ensusH IEEEPart S ‘You are going to read an article about the effects of digital media on people's minds. For questions 31-36, ‘choose the answer (, B, G oF D) which you think fits best acvurding to the teal. In the exam, mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Is the internet making us stupid? In an article in Science, Patricia Greenfield, a dovelopmensal prychologie who runs UCLA’ Children’s Digital Media Center, reviewed dozens of studies on how different media technologies influence our cognitive abilities, Some of the studies indicated that certain computer tasks, like playing video games, increase the speed ar which people can shift their focus among icons and other images on screens. Other studies, however, found thac such rapid shifs in focus, even if ppeeforive aepdys seule fi ess cigosous anal “more automatic’ thinking, In one experiment at an American university, half class of students was allowed to use internet-connected laptops during a lecture, while the ocher half had ro beep their computers chit. Thase who hrowsed che webs performed much worse on a subsequent test of how well they retained che lecture’s content. Earlier experiments revealed thar as the number of links In document goes up, reading comprehension fills, and as more types of information are placed on a screen, swe remember less of whar we see. Greenfield concluded that ‘every medium develops some cognitive sills a che expenee of achore’. Que grewsing use of sereen-based media, she said, has strengthened. visual-spatial intelligence, which can strengthen the ability ‘do jobs thar involve keeping track of lots of rapidly ‘changing signals, like piloting a plane or monitoring a patient during surgery, However, that has been ed by ‘new weaknesses in higher-order cognitive ncluding ‘abstract vocabulary, mindfulness, in online tion’. We're becoming, in a word, shallower ‘Studies of our behaviour online support this conclusion, German researchers found that web browsers usually spend less than ten seconds looking ata page. Even people doing academic research online tend t0 “bounee’ rapidly berween documents, rarely reading more chan a page or wo, according toa University College London study: Such mental geting takes a big toll. In a recent experiment at Stanford University, researchers gave various cognitive rests to 49 people who do a lot ‘of media multitasking and 52 people who multitask much less frequently. The heavy multicaskers performed poorly om all the rests. They were more easily distracted, had less control over their attention, and were much less able to distinguish important information from trivia, The researchers were surpriced by che reculte. They’ expected the intensive multitaskers to have gained some mental advantages. That wast che case, though. In fact, the multitaskers werent even good at mulutasking, “Everything distracts them; said Clifford Nass, one of the researchers. Iewould be one thing if che ill effects went away as soon as we tumed off our computers and mobiles, but they don’, The cellular structure of the human brain, scientists have discovered, adapis readily ro the tools we use to find, store and share information. By changing our habits of mind, each new technology strengthens certain neural pathways and weakens others. The alterations shape the way we think even when we're nor using the technology. The pionccring neuroscientist Michael Merzenich believes our brains are being ‘massively reanodlled’ by our ever-imcuisfying use of dhe web and related media. In 2009, he said that he was profoundly wortied about the cognitive consequences of the constant distractions and interruptions the internet bombards us with, The long-term effect on the quality of our intelloctal lives, he cai could be ‘deadly. Nocall distractions are bad. As most of us know, if we concentrate too intensively on 2 tough problem, we can get stuck in mental rut, However, we ler the problest sic unattended for atime, we ofen return to it witha fresh perspective and a burst of creativity. Research by Dutch psychologist Ap Dijkstechuis indicates thar such breaks in four attention give our unconscious mind time to grapple with a problem, bringing to bear information and cognii processes unavailable to conscious deliberation. We usually make better decisions, his experiments reveal, if we shift our attention avay fiom 2 mental challenge for time: Bur Dijksterhuis's work also shows that our unconscious thought processes done engage with a problem until we've clearly and consciously defined what the problem is. If we dorichavea particular goal in mind, he writes, ‘unconscious thoughtdoes nor occur. The constant distractedness thatthe Nevencouragesis very different from the kind of temporary, purposeful diversion of our mind that refreshes our thinking. What we seem to be sacrificing in our surfing and is our capacity to engage in the quicte, attentive modes of thought that underpin contemplation, reflection and introspection. TEST 1; READING AND USE OF ENGLISH