Formación para la Investigación

Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias

Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

I1. S.H.M. ESTUDY OF THE MASS-SPRING SYSTEM

AND ANALYSIS OF OSCILLATION WITH CASSY-LAB
SERGIO DANIEL LOZANO MIJARES. STUDENT– CIVIL ENG.
ELKIN ELIECER MORENO CELIS. STUDENT– CIVIL ENG.
JUAN HERVIN JAIR CORZO BONILLA. STUDENT– CIVIL ENG.

“The power of imagination makes us infinite”

John Muir

SYNOPSIS

In a simple harmonic movement, the simplest type of oscillation occurs when the restorative or
restitution force Fx is directly proportional to the x-shift with respect to the balance, it should be
clarified that this occurs if the spring is ideal and therefore obeys Hooke's law which states that
restorative force will always act with equal magnitude and counter-force sense that initially caused
the normal state of the body to be mass-spring. This report will examine a mass-spring system
taking into account the characteristics of this movement by changing the amplitude of the spring
and we will analyze the oscillations in terms of displacement, speed and acceleration with the help
of the Cassy-Lab procurement system.

INTRODUCTION
Simple harmonic movement (S.H.M.), is a periodic, and vibratory movement in the absence of
friction, produced by the action of a recovering force that is directly proportional to the position,
and which is described in terms of time by a function trigonometric (sine or cosine). If the
description of a movement required more than one harmonic function, in general it would be a
harmonic movement, but not an S.H.M. To understand how systems with periodic movements in
mass-spring systems work we must ask ourselves: How does the increase in mass influence the
deformation of a spring and how the period is affected, whether or not it varies?, to respond to this
question we made use of three springs with different lengths, first we use a spring of a length of
6.5[cm] which we insure on a similar basis to the one can be seen in Figure 1.0, in addition we use
several bodies of equal masses(50g) which we use we added up to get a larger mass, the maximum
mass placed in the spring was 150[g], and the same we did with the two leftover springs, this in
order to observe the differences between each of them.

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Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

Figure 1.0. Mass-resort system.

This report is organized into 5 key components: Methodology, Data Processing, Results Analysis,
Conclusions and References, the methodology describes in detail how the laboratory practice was,
in which the masa-springe system was used placing different masses in each of the springs and
measuring their elongation and period, the data taken will be expressed in their respective tables
and will also be expressed in graphs on which the respective data analysis will be done. The
conclusions are made from all the data obtained in this laboratory, and the references taken from
the books or web pages that we use to develop in respective report.

GENERAL OBJETIVE

Study the S.H.M of the mass-spring system and analysis of the oscillations with cassy-lab

SPECIFICS OBJETIVES

● Check Hooke's law that establishes the relationship between the restorative force of a
spring and the deformation caused on the spring by a force applied to the spring to deform
it
● Check the oscillation period dependence of a mass-spring system with the mass and
spring constant.
● Analyze the displacement, speed and acceleration functions of a mass-spring system with
the help of the Cassy Lab acquisition system.

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 Formación para la Investigación
Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

METHODOLOGY
The research will be carried out in three stages or methodological phases, in which systematic
observation that requires full knowledge of the theory, obtaining multiple data and analuzing the
results Will be used.
In the first phase the deformation generated by the different masses on the spring will be measured,
in order to obtain the restorative constant of the spring using Hooke's law; in the second phase a
relationship will be established between the period of movement and the mass coupled for a spring
and in the third phase the functions of amplitude, speed and acceleration of the movement of the
mass-spring system will be recorded with the help of the system of Cassy-lab data acquisition.
Phase One: In this phase of investigation, it is intended to corroborate Hooke's law. For this, it is
necessary to perform the assembly of Figure 1 and to determine the elastic constant of the spring
couple different masses, establishing the deformation of each of them on the spring used, according
to the following procedure: the system shall first be leveled so that the spring is parallel to the rod
from which it is suspended (see Figure 1). Second, different masses should be taken to produce a
deformation on the spring, between 100 - 500 grams (depending on the spring). Third, with the
help of a ruler, the deformation produced by each of the masses on the spring shall be determined.
Fourth, enter the data in table 1 of the datasheet. Fifth, repeat the above steps by changing the
spring (different restitution constant).
Finally, to corroborate Hooke's law, the relationship between force and spring deformation must
be determined through a graph (use the necessary regressions until equations are obtained) and
from the analysis of the equation of the graph will be obtained the spring's constant restaurateur.

Figure one. Experimental set up of a mass-spring system

Phase Two: For the analysis of the period dependence of the movement of the mass-spring system
with the mass, the time of N oscillations (example N-15) for each of the spring-coupled masses
used in the first phase should be determined. This procedure should be performed in triplicate and
the data should be recorded in Table 2 of the data sheet. Subsequently, the average period T will

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Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

be determined for each mass used (determine the average time for the N oscillations). Repeat the
above steps by changing the spring and record the mass of each of the springs used.
Finally, the relationship between the period of the mass-spring system and the mass will be
analyzed, through the graphical analysis of the results (table 2). From the equation, determine the
restorative constant of the spring used. The value of the constant will then be compared with the
value obtained in point 1.
Phase three: the analysis will be make in the amplitude, the velocity and the acceleration functions
of a mass-spring system under real-world conditions. The data acquisition interface and Cassy-Lab
software will automatically obtain the movement functions: displacement s(t), speed v(t) and
acceleration to(t) of the mass attached to a spring that oscillates freely subject to air friction,
observing a weakly dampened motion. The data must be saved in a text (.txt) file. Then we will
proceed to perform the graphical analysis of the movement, through the functions amplitude to(t),
speed v(t) and acceleration to(t) performed by the mass-spring system in real conditions. The
analysis should contain the equations of these functions and the elements that define this
movement, such as period, amplitude, damping constant, the gap between amplitude, velocity and
acceleration, among others.

DATA PROCESSING.
In this part, go to observe the data obtain in the laboratory, in the tables one, two and three, have
been developed comprobations with the set up in the anexxes two, three and four, corresponding.
In the tables four, five and six, have been developed analysis with the set up in the annexes five
and six

Table 1. Hook law comprobation, mass Vs

deformation.

Standard
Mass Weight Elongation ∆X T=t/N Prom of K
desviation [T]
[Kg] [N] [m] [s] [N/m] σ
0,050 0,488 0,047 0,443
0,100 0,976 0,094 0,597 10,705809 0,59
0,149 1,464 0,129 0,730

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Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

Table 2. Hook law comprobation , mass Vs deformation.

Standard
Mass Weight Elongation ∆X T=t/N Prom of K
desviation [T]
[Kg] [N] [m] [s] [N/m] σ
0,050 0,488 0,184 0,901
0,100 0,976 0,306 1,276 2,815797 1,202
0,149 1,464 0,562 1,430

Table 3. Hook law comprobation , mass Vs deformation.

Standard
Mass Weight Elongation ∆X T=t/N Prom of K
desviation [T]
[Kg] [N] [m] [s] [N/m] σ
0,050 0,488 0,023 0,369
0,100 0,976 0,038 0,401 23,769 0,27
0,149 1,464 0,060 0,042

Table 4. Shock-absorbing motion

analysis

Mass: 0,015 [Kg]

Distance: 0,020 [m]

Time [s] Amplitude [m] Standard desviation

[t]
0,230 0,018
0,730 0,018
1,230 0,017
1,730 0,016
2,240 0,016 2,456
2,680 0,014
3,180 0,014
3,680 0,014
4,180 0,013
4,680 0,012

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 Formación para la Investigación
Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

Table 5. Shock-absorbing motion

analysis

Mass: 0,100 [Kg]

Distance: 0,022 [m]
Standard
Time [s] Amplitude [m]
desviation [t]
0,250 0,019
0,650 0,019
1,050 0,019
1,450 0,019
1,850 0,018 2,065
2,250 0,017
2,650 0,016
3,100 0,015
3,500 0,014
3,900 0,013

Table 6. Shock-absorbing motion

analysis

Mass: 0,250 [Kg]

Distance: 0,062 [m]
Standard
Time [s] Amplitude [m]
desviation [t]
0,350 0,057
0,950 0,056
1,600 0,053
2,250 0,051
2,850 0,050 3,175
3,500 0,048
4,100 0,046
4,750 0,045
5,400 0,043
6,000 0,042

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Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS.
For the analysis, graph the results in weight vs deformation plots and graph the results in a
graphic of damper movement analysis, keeeping in mind all the previous tables. So that its slope
in the weight vs deformation plot is K (Spring constant).

Graphic one. Representation of the strength (N) in funtion of the change of elongation (m) in a
mass-spring system.

Graphic two. Representation of the strength (N) in funtion of the change of elongation (m) in
a mass-spring system.
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Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

Graphic three. Representation of the strength (N) in funtion of the change of elongation (m)
in a mass-spring system.

Graphic four. Representation of the amplitude (m) in funtion of the change of time (s) in a
mass-spring system.

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 Formación para la Investigación
Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

Graphic five. Representation of the amplitude (m) in funtion of the change of time (s) in a
mass-spring system.

Graphic six. Representation of the amplitude (m) in funtion of the change of time (s) in a mass-
spring system.
.

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 Formación para la Investigación
Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

CONCLUSION

From practice it was observed that the higher mass in the spring, the slower the oscillation (a longer
period), if the spring is softer (lower k) its oscillation will be slower. That if there are small masses
and hard springs (large k), they will result in rapid oscillations (high f). In addition, the amplitude
decreases exponentially due to the friction generated by the pulley. Also, in the mass-spring system
the force exerted in the system is linked to the deformation constant of each spring. The speed and
acceleration of the spring and the suspended mass decreases as the oscillations increase until it
returns to its equilibrium position. However, the movement in the system is periodic which varies
according to the sine equation, the speed of the body varies continuously, being maximum in the
center of the path and null at the extremes, where the body changes the direction of movement.

REFERENCES

Movimiento armónico simple. (2019). Tomado de:

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_arm%C3%B3nico_simple
David Miranda. (15 de octubre de 2016). f3i1. Estudio del M.A.S del sistema masa-resorte y
análisis de las oscilaciones con Cassy-m. [Archivo de video]. Recuperado de
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJ31WZ9P990
colaboradores de Wikipedia. (17 de septiembre de 2019). Movimiento armónico simple. Obtenido
de
https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movimiento_arm%C3%B3nico_simple&oldid
=119471598
SERWAY, R. A. (1992). PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS WITH MODERN
PHYSICS / Raymond A. Serway. Philadelphia : Saunders College Pub., 1992. Recuperado a partir
de http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cat00066a&AN=BUIS.1-
131923&lang=es&site=eds-live

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Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

ANNEXES

Annex 1

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 Formación para la Investigación
Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

Annex 2 Annex 3

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 Formación para la Investigación
Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

Annex 4 Annex 5

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Escuela de Física, Facultad de Ciencias
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Construimos Futuro

Annex 6

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