Scribd
Upload
107 views

Lecture Reading 4: Design Methods of Reinforced Concrete Structures

This document discusses two design methods for reinforced concrete structures: 1. Strength Design Method (SDM), which is the standard method. It uses load factors greater than 1 to calculate ultimate loads and strength reduction factors less than 1 to calculate member strength. 2. Alternate Design Method (ADM), which is an older, obsolete method. It uses load factors and strength reduction factors of 1. Both methods make assumptions about maximum concrete strain and allowable concrete stress. The SDM also provides formulas to calculate the concrete compressive stress block, moments due to concrete and steel, and balanced reinforcement ratios. Concrete cover requirements are also briefly discussed.

Uploaded by

Kim Calagui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
107 views

Lecture Reading 4: Design Methods of Reinforced Concrete Structures

This document discusses two design methods for reinforced concrete structures: 1. Strength Design Method (SDM), which is the standard method. It uses load factors greater than 1 to calculate ultimate loads and strength reduction factors less than 1 to calculate member strength. 2. Alternate Design Method (ADM), which is an older, obsolete method. It uses load factors and strength reduction factors of 1. Both methods make assumptions about maximum concrete strain and allowable concrete stress. The SDM also provides formulas to calculate the concrete compressive stress block, moments due to concrete and steel, and balanced reinforcement ratios. Concrete cover requirements are also briefly discussed.

Uploaded by

Kim Calagui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Far Eastern University JULY 2020

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts


___________________________________________________________________________

LECTURE READING 4: DESIGN METHODS OF REINFORCED


CONCRETE STRUCTURES

DESIGN METHODS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

1) Strength Design Method (SDM) or Ultimate Strength Design (USD)


2) Alternate Design Method (ADM) or Working Strength Design (WSD)

STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD (SDM) – standard usage for reinforce concrete design and analysis

1) LOAD FACTOR - section 405.3.1, table 405.3.1, page 4-34 NSCP 2015
a) U = 1.4 D
b) U = 1.2 D + 1.6 L + 0.50 (Lr or R)
c) U = 1.2 D + 1.6 (Lr or R) + (L or 0.5 W)
d) U = 1.2 D + L + W + 0.5 (Lr or R)
e) U = 1.2 D + E + L
f) U = 0.9 D + W
g) U = 0.9 D + E

GENERAL FOMULA if deal load and live load is only considered

U = 1.2 D + 1.6 L
Where: D = dead load

L = live load

Lr = roof live load

R = rain load

W = wind load

E = earthquake load

2) STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS (ϕ) – page 4-140 NSCP 2015


a) Moment, axial force or combined 0.65 – 0.90 maximum is always used
b) Shear 0.75
c) Torsion 0.75
d) Bearing 0.65
e) Spiral column 0.75
f) Tied column 0.65
g) Plain concrete 0.60

3) Assumptions:
a) Maximum strain at extreme concrete compression fiber, εc = 0.003, section 422.2.2.1, page 4-142 NSCP
2015
b) Allowable compressive stress fc = 0.85 fc’, section 422.2.2.4.1, page 4-142 NSCP 2015
Far Eastern University JULY 2020
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

c) Plane section remains plane before and after bending

ALTERNATE DESIGN METHOD (ADM) – traditional design method, almost obsolete already

1) LOAD FACTOR - section 429.3.1, page 4-194 NSCP 2015


Load factors and strength reduction factors shall be taken as unity
a) U = D
b) U = D + L + (Lr or R)
c) U = D + (Lr or R) + (L or W)
d) U = D + L + W + (Lr or R)
e) U = D + E + L
f) U = D + W
g) U = D + E

GENERAL FOMULA if deal load and live load is only considered

U=D+L
Where: D = dead load

L = live load

Lr = roof live load

R = rain load

W = wind load

E = earthquake load

2) STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTORS (ϕ) – section 429.3.1, page 4-194 NSCP 2015
Load factors and strength reduction factors shall be taken as unity

3) Assumptions:
a) Allowable compressive stress fc = 0.45 fc’, section 429.4.1.1, page 4-194 NSCP 2015

b) Plane section remains plane before and after bending


Far Eastern University JULY 2020
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

FORMULAS FOR STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD

where: d = effective depth = distance from centroid of rebars to the uppermost fiber

B = width of beam

As = area of steel reinforcement

a = area of concrete compressive stress block

NA = neutral axis

H or D = total depth of beam

FORMULAS USED
1) Length of the concrete compressive stress block
As f y
a =
0.85 fc ' b
2) Moment due to concrete
a
M = ϕ 0.85 fc’ a b (d - 2 )
3) Moment due to steel
a
M = ϕ As fy (d - 2 )
4) BALANCED DESIGN - A balanced design or balanced section is that in which stress in concrete and steel
reach their permissible value at the same time.
'
600
ρb = 0.85 β1 fc ( )
fy 600+fy

For the value of β1, section 422.2.2.4.3, page 4-142 NSCP 2015

For fc’ ≤ 28 MPa β1 = 0.85


Far Eastern University JULY 2020
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

0.05(fc ' −28)


For fc’ ¿ 28 MPa but ¿ 55 MPa β1 = 0.85 -
7

For fc’ ≥ 55 MPa β1 = 0.65

As
ρ = reinforcement ratio
bd

ρmax = 0.75 ρb for non seismic

= 0.5 ρb for seismic

COCRETE COVER - Concrete cover, in reinforced concrete, is the least distance between the surface
of embedded reinforcement and the outer surface of the concrete. Excerp below is taken from page 4-136
NSCP 2015 
Far Eastern University JULY 2020
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts
___________________________________________________________________________

You might also like