46 TRIBHUVAN UReIvERSITY Eom, INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING — [Level BE |Full Marks [50 Examination ( Conceal Division | Programme | ae [Pass Marks | 32 + ihadra Year Pant |W | Time “aliis— | _ Subject: - Fluid M&chanies (MESS) %, Candidates are requite to give thei answers teizown wo a fa a8 pocable, Af, Attempt All quest Yo The figures in ‘he marge indicate Full Marks. . ¥ h - Y Assume suitable data if necessary. . 1. a) Define viscosity and compressibility. Differentiste between Newtonion and Non- Newtonian fluids with suitable exarnples. 3) 'b) What do you mean by metacenter and metacentric height? Explain how does the position of metacenter wit respect to center of gravity affect the stability of a floating body? Rs) 2. a) What is differential manometer? Explain with neat sketch and pressure balance equation. () b) A circular plate 3.0 m diameter is immersed in water fn such a way that fs greatest and least depth below free surface level are 4 m and 1.5 m respectively. Determine toial pressure Taree on one face of plate and position of Center of pressure from FSL. {6} |. a) Explain Navier-Stokes equation for Newtonuan fluids. &) A 180* elbow takes in water at an everage velocity of 0.Smv/s and pressurs of 350 be (gage) at the inlet. Where the diameter is 0.2 m. The exit pressure is 75 KPa and diameter is 0.04 m, What is the force required to hold the elbow in place’? 4. a) A nozzle of diameter 15 mm delivers 2 stream of water at 20m/s to 2 fixed plate that is 30° inclined to horizontal. Find tht magnitude and direction of resultant force dz.eloped b) The pressure different Ap in 2 pipe diameter D and Length L due te visct depends on the velocity V, viscosity u and densityp. Using Buckingham’ obtain and expression fo: Op. i i WN. oh (9) w {6a & ‘8) Explain series and parallel combination of pipe flow with Figure. (9 'b) Explain boundary layer in viscous fluid flow with diagram, 4) ‘®) Explain the construction and working of Venturi m&ter. 7 5) 'b) The pressure difference between an oil pipe and water pipe is measured by a double- ‘uid manometer as shown in figure below, For the given fluid heights and specific ‘avities, calculate tepressurodiference AP PoP, 13) ‘Two tanks are connected with the help of two pipes in series, The lengths of pipes are 1000 am and #00 m whereas diameters are 400 mm and 200 mm. The eo-efficients of friction for both pipes is 0.008. The difference of water level in the two tanks is 15 m. Find the rate of flow of water through the pipes, considering all losses. Also draw the TEL and HGL for the system. to) a}Explain the types of compressible fluid flow om the basis of Mach number with applications. (22) b) Derive an expression to find the actual discharge through © triangular notch with angle 8 and heat of water above V-notch is H. (5) at Pa2016 Baisakh Subject: - Fluid Mechanics (ME 554) _ % Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Y Attempt All question» _ . Y. The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. Y.. Necessary figures are attached herewith, . Assume suitable dara if necessary. 1. a) The velocity distibuton for flow overa fla plate if ares syt, where wis us uk wie aj etic ls sey at y= Sem, Assume dynamic viscosity es 8 poise. 15) ») Differentiate rotatiogal and irotational lows with examples. 5) 2. a) Determine the stream function. (5 1) Apipeline which is im in diameter contains a gate value. The pressure atthe center of the pipe is 19.0N/em* If the pipe is filled with oil of sp. gr. 0.87, find the force exerted by the oil upon the gate and postion of centre of pressure. (5) 3. 8) What s streamline and turbulent flow? 2 ¥) Given an incompressible flow with V=3yit2xj, Does this satisfy continuity equation? Iso, find stream function y(x,y), 4, a) Why are similarities law required for model analysis? Define Reynolds numbers, 242) b) A reducing elbow is used to deflect water flow at arate of 14 ke/s in a horizontal pipe upward 30° wile accelerating i. The elbow discharges water into the atmosphere, between the eanters of the outlet and inet is 30em. Determine (a) center of the inlet of the elbow and (b) the anchoring force via place, 16) (4) 5] ad V6 length, Ifthe di cll losses of head which ocetrs; (Take 0.96 for both pipes) 120) * (+4) ment by using 3)Scanned by CamScann6 TRIBMUVANUIVERSIEY Ta INSTITUTPOF ENGINEERING | Level BE Examination Control Division Programme asi 2074 Bhadra \Yearsrart it _ Subject: - Fluid Mechanies (1/6351) = ¥, Candidates are required to'give their answers in their own Words 3 far as practicable, 7 dutempt All questions ¥ The figures inthe margin indicate Full Marke . ¥ Assume suitableydata if necessary, = Diflerentnte berween Lagrangian and Eulerian Tathod of Muid Now analysis examples. g 5 . (4) 2. Derive a relation to locate cemter of pressure for fully submerged jnclined rectangular body from free water surface (6) 3. a) Differentiate between Laminar and Turbulent flow with example, {4} 'b) Define: stream line, steam tube, seam function and velocity potential function. (4) 4. a) Explain Bemoulli’s' equation on uid flow with its various applications (4) b) A Y-fitting pipe flow enters from 120mm branched horizontally of 90mm and at 30° of 60mm discharge are 15 Ips and $ Ips respectively. The pressure in 120 mm pipe is 30kPa Determine the pressure in the other {wo pipes and the forces exerted by water on the Yefitting. Assume all the pipes are in horizontal plane (6) $. a) The fiietional torque T of disc diameter D is rotating at a speed N in fluid of Viscosity 1 and density p in turbulent ow. Use 1 theorem to know the dependency of, (5) b) A nozzle of diam discharges il = 98: \shoa the oil pressure inside the ppe 1 1) 4. a) Eyplain different losses opie #06 an tetioe the use of Moony ear i442) fy Hiow do Boumdney tapers ane foomed” Esplin ia Whe fr amin 2 Wa r 19 rough 2 120 mm diameter vertical sharp edged orifice placed under constant ical of 10m. A post. ot the jet. measured fram the venaecontracta of the jet has co-ordinates +S horizontal and O.$4m veriel, Find I the hyena ene to} Ry re equivalent pipes 1 bb) Too tanks ate conmectel with he help of two pipes in series, The lengths of pines are 000m and 800m, whereas diameters are 400mm nd 200mm. The coefficient of is 0.008, The difference of water ievel in 10 tanks is [5m Firs! the rate of flow of watet through the pipes. considering all losses. Also, draw FGLand HGL forthe system, io) © What is sommpressibe faid flow? Wks Niach number in compressible ow important, 13] nz a Scanned by CamScanner~ 6 - 66 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY Exum. i INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING [Level | BE Full Marks [80 Examination Control Division [Programme | BME Past Marks [32 | 2073 Magh Year/Part_[i/il=_. | Time The. eee zy ‘ Subject: - Fluid Mechanics (MES 34) . ¥ Candidates ae required 1 Ve Attempt All questions, ¥ The figures in the margin indicate Full Merks iF “Assume suitable data if necessBry, i + + 8) Derive an expression for pressure force applied on a vertical surface which is fully lagive their answers in their owmrwords as far as 8) Define the terms: Specific weight, Surface tension, Viscosity and Kirematieviseosty, [2] ¥) Anil of specific gravity 0.8 is contained in.a vessel. Ata point the height of ol is 20 1. Find te corresponding height of water atthe point. immersed ina liquid. b) Determine the bulk modulus of elasticity ofa fluid that has a density increase of 0,002 percent for a pressure increase of 45 KNim*. (3 2 og . Find the expression for F to the motion ofa sphere of diameter D moving with a uniform S velocity V through a real uid of density p and viscosity y by Buckhan's-I method. 1512 8) Derive the continuity equation in rectangular co-ordinate system. 9 8 'b) State Bemoull’s Theorem and prove it. (9) be ©) The depth of the flow of water, if certain section of a rectangular channel of $ m wide is 0.6m, The discharge through the chanael is 15 m/s, Ifa hydraulic jump takes on the downstream sid, find the depth ofthe flow afer the jump. ) Explain Laminar flow and turbulent flow through a pipe with the help of Reynolds number 3 oS 3 FSO 2073 oF 'b) Lubricating oil of specific gravity 0.88 and dynamic viscosity (1 NSitm is pu through a 3 cm diameter pipe. If the pressure crog pet meter length of the pin ‘Epa, determuns (1) the mass flow zate of m ieg'min (ii) the shear stress at the pipe wall (ii) The Reymold's aumber of th: flow. ©) Derive Darcy-Weisback equation Which is used to find the head loss in pipe flow. 6 2) Explain bow the static pressure in pipe flow and the flow velocity of open channel flow can be determined by pierometer and pitote ube respectively 8 'b) Explain how the discharge through = pipe can be determined with the help of a venturimeer, 8) Explain Hydraulic and Energy Grades lines with reference to certain specific ow case, b) With a neat diagram explain series and parallel cermbinations of the pipe flow networks. (Oo Write shor notes on: Bas) i) Cisslation and Vertcisy 4) Incompressite flow “ne ‘Scanned by CamScanner6 TRISHUV AN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING 4668] (Cnilidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as prac Attempt All questions. . The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. -, edge hn mari bes . a) A tank of glycerin only has a mass of 600 kg and a volume of 0.476m’, Find“the slycerin’s weight, mass density, specific weight and specific gravity. & b) Derive a relation to locate center of pressure for fully submerged inclined rectangular ‘body from free water surface. [5 Define rotational and irrotational flows with examples. [5 8) A 135*bent takes in water at an average velocity of 0.8nv/s and pressure of 350 kPa (gage) at the inlet, where the diameter is O.2m, The exit pressure is 75 kPa and fiameter is 0.04m. What is the magnitude and direction of resultant force required to hold the elbow in place? i “16 b) Explain hydraulic jump with its various applications i *) A pipeline carrying ofl (S~0.8) change in diameter fiom 300 mm at position 1 to 600 is Giameter at position 2 which is Sm at higher level. If the pressures at position 1 Got 2 we 1O0kN/at: and GOKNim' respectively and the discharge is 500 LPS, < . . £ 1, State Newton's law of viscosity and list the application with examples. (5) 2, a), Define pressure intensity at a point. . % P b) A oil of sp. gravity 0.8 is contained in a vessel. At a point the height of oil is 20 m. Find the corresponding height of water at that point. 6G) 3. a) Define circulation and vortecity with explanation. -[5) 'b) Explain different types of head losses in the pipe flow. (8) 4. a) Derive the continuity equation for incompressible, steady state, fluid flow. fo] b) A jet of water with same velocity (v) and coming from same cross sectional area (A) of nozzle as shown in figure. Find what is the difference in force exerted horizontally _ comparing both cases. ™ Fixed plate (vertical ”* position) nozzle nozzle (horizontal position) (horizontal position) rs Hemispherical curve plate 5 Exple hu arc Mach oemt) Explain how the velocity of free flow of fluid is measured using pitot static tube. 1] 8. 8) With s neat diagram show the energy gradient line (EGL) and Hydraulic gradient line P (HGL). 'b) Explain series and paralis! combinations of pipe flow networks. (3) 9. Write limitation of Bemoulli's equation of fluid flow. (4) pat6 ‘TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY t Exam, Full Mirks |30 INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING = | Levd —_B [eile x saminati ivision | Programme | BME farks | Examination Control Division | Prog BME = ‘ 2071 Magh [Year/Part | W/ al ite ~ Subject: - Fluid Mechanics (MES54) % 5 Y Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Y Attempt All agin ¥. The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks. v Necessary Moody Sige is attaghed herewiti, * Y Assume suitable data necessary. . . = 1. Differentiate between real and ideal fluid, Four lites of kerosene wei igh 284, Calculate the specific weight, mass density and specific volume. 2. For the inverted manometer shown below the pressure difference is pa — pa = 97 kPa, ‘What must be the height in em? Oil, G= 0.827, 3. a) Derive Bemoulli’s equation of motion along the stream line using Euler's method. b) A nozzle of 25 mm in diameter is fixed at the end of 2 Pipe with 10 cm diameter, Gischarges oil (S = 0.85) to the atmosphere. Find the exit velocity and discharge rate, when the oil pressure inside the pipe is 600 kPa. ©) Differentiate between model and Prototype. Explain any four dimensionless number with significance. 4, a) Explain the working of venturimeter with mathematicel relation for flow measurement, ©) A pitot tube is mounted on an.airplane to indicate the relative speed of the plane. ‘What differential pressure intensity will the instrument register when the plane is travelling at a speed of 200 km/hr in a wind blowin, g at 60 kra/hr against the direction of motion of the plane. (Density of airis 1.214 kg/m’) wer reservoir. Represent the layout and tabulated the head losses. (Friction coeff, {= 0.01 forall). Further calculate the flow rate through the ‘arrangement and draw the EGL and HGL, 6. Write short notes on: 8) Darcy-Weisbach equation 8) Boundary layer “Paz (8) 6) 15) 06) 16)auvaN BaveRsiTy {faa TITUTE OF ENGINEERING = j Level BE ination Control Division | Programes | 8 = 52071 Bhadra [Year/Part i = 0 Candidates are required to gi ¥ uempt dll questions. . The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks v Ne art Ch ts - * wf Assume suitable dla if necessary. 1, Define viscosity and compressibility. Four litres of kerosene weigh 28 N. Calculate the specific weight, mass density and specific volume, . (8) 2, Pressure gauge B is to measure the pressure at point A in a water flow in figure below. If the pressure at B is 87 kPa, estimate the pressure at A/in kPa. + (8) 3. a) Derive Navierstroke equation for fluie Gow motion 8] b) The dlansier of a pipe gradually nuct line ej a: 3 vor 6000 livsce. Find the tensity of pressore at the centre line of 31 determine the force exerted by Slowing water on transition of pipe 18] 4. Define similitude. The viscous force F exerted by fluid on a sphere of diameter D depends on the viscosity u, mass density of fluid p and velocity of sphere V. Obtain an expression or viscous force F, using Buckhimham’s x theorem. (8) 5. &) Derive an expression for velocity dinribution during flow of viscous Muid between ‘two parallel plates. (8 ©) Explain major toss and minor toss in pipe flow. Using Moody's diagram presented, determine the head loss for flow of 400 LS of oil, w= 1» 10" m/s through 2 ka long stainless stee! pipe with 500 mm diemeter. 8) 6 How volume flow rate is measured using vetusimeter? What does inclination of the meter effects? (10-6) 7. Define ditferent compressible fluid flow. (8) Pa3 ‘Scanned by CamScanner%__TaIBivaNcNvERSTy Tiss INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING [Level | BE Examination Control Division | Programme | BME 2070 Bhadra Year Part [0711 ‘Subject: - Fluid Mechanics (MESS®) ¥ Candidates are refuiredto give their answers in their own worge as far as practicable. °Y Attempt All questions ¥ The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks - Assume suitable data ifnecessary: 1. Twolitersof perol weigh 14, Caleuat the specific wei . of peo with respect to wate . - 2 Consider o-temsonal, sey, ncomresie flow through the plane converging carne! sowe. The velocity on the horaoetal centerline (x axis) i given by P= v4 (1 +2) Find wn exfession forthe acceleration ‘of a particle moving slog the centertineutng the Lagangas appick. Evaluate the sceleraon when the parle ist the beginning and tthe en ef the channel To) y a 2 =i - n=0 x f 3+ The gute shown is hinged a H. The gate is 3 m wide normal to the plane of the diagram. Calcul the force required st A to hold the exe eloied, "1 SArricsity Geld in « flid with deci of 1000 ky? is given by V $. The shaded erence fi ‘oorints are ares in miter Eva (Ay + Bajt J, where A= 2s? man Vpepen Int velocity fied is sive by Pe axis ty /see be] £ane we ‘he value flow rate andthe moet fx thru he shadne ao x 6 The tine, fora Mywheel, wth monent of inenis, reach engule veleciy, foc et depeads ox the spalied ergs, T, and he following flywheel bearing properies: the ll viseosty a gap, & diameter, D, and bength L Use dimensional analyst find the Tipwreeten that cheaters ths Fosnomense Pas Scanned by CamScanner= - - “ @ ssa Micon fo ina fw in hoger ibe af dit Ris ten byte oe Pauls unas tt ()" i "olan erate adit mint fx though section nora if ay el i : ze . . . , 5 ei 5 31 Scanned by camseat. ° oo (Pais Ses SAM RY_WIRA RT $6 __TRIBHUVANUnaverstTY Ena RSE SPS TT) INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING [Lev | BE | FullMaris | Examination Control Division, [Programme | BME | Pastas | 2069 Bhadra Subject: - Fluid Mechanics (EHS) * ¥ "Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. % Aqtempt All questions. 5 . Y, The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks . Fay i he . / Necessary Moody Diagram are attached herewith. Y Assume suitable data i necessary, below the hortigtal, as = Pa is due party to gravity and partly fiction. Derive an algebraic expression for the pressure difference. Evaluste the pressure difference if L= 150 cra andh= 15 cm. F 2.8) A two-dimensional pressble low field is defined usw ZZ). ee, Z < E the stream firnction and velocity bye yelecorcomponcies ‘ 75 ‘where Vand L-are constants. If they exist, find potential, ) The area shown shaded (Figure P(2b)) is in a flow where the velocity field is given by Ve-axitbys+dea=pers! clement of the shaded arse Sand ¢ = 2.5 m/s. Writ a Vector expression for an Evaluute the intezats {7.27 ang SPE eA) over the (b) - ‘required to drive e fan is believed to depend on fluid density, p, volume tagular velocity, @, Use dimensional analysis to other Variables, : "haha eee & fly Selene cutules ow. ds presetee ee 3s cles Seteen two tons © 35 kPa. 'The adits berweer te otters ix _ 10 m and the pipe diameter is 150 mm, Calculate the shear stress,cy, that acts on the walls 8) (a {19}, * *arge is constant at 0.014 m? 5" (6) between two darge fat plates. The lower plate moves to the left at “speed of 0.3 avs; the n7Pa Hai sory. The pla spacing i 3m, and he fo i i laminar, Detemine the pressure radient required to Produce zero net flow at the cross6 TRIBHUVAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Examination Control Division 2068 Bhadra Year! Part 2 ol Subject: - Fluid Mechanics Y Candidates are required to give their answe's in their own words & far os practicable. ¥ Atterspt AUl questions, ’ The figures inthe margin indicate Full Marks « ¥ Assume suitable data if netestary . 1. a) Given the incompressible flow V = 3yi + 2xj. Does this satisfy continuity? Ifso, find the stream function w(x, y) and plot a few streamlines, with arrows. ») The shaded area shown is ina low where the velocity field is given by V =~axi + by); a= b= 15", and the coordinates are measured in meters. Evaluate the volume flow rate and the moment flux through the shaded area. (8) (8) (a fhown, Desive = general expression for due to the applied presse differes® 0) ‘Tie time for» lrwbeel, with moment of inertia. 1, to reach anpulveocin, 0, from res depends on the applied true, T, and the following Oywheel beating ‘ropertics: the oll viscosity, i, gap, 8, diameter, D, and length, L. Use dimensional analysis to find the T] parameters that characterize this phenomenon. s Consider the velocity field for flow in rectangular comer, V = Asi As, with A= 0.3 s°!, Evaluate the sizulation about the unit square aed with coordinates U1, 39, BCL. 23.0(2, 29 and 2. 1 R194. 4) Incompressible ow between parallel plates with U = Uqas (Ay’ + By +0), ° @ ‘Constants re BC using appropriate boundary conditions, (ii) Q per unit depth iy Y, - Yo . ; . , . { » diesen Fibs caries Quid in fully developed turbulent No. The satis pressure ieonce measured between two secions is 35 KPa The distance beticen ne ote anc and Bie diameter 150mm, Calculate the shear stress, tw, that acts on the wally 5. 8) Defise Hydraulic and fade lng, Write about series and parallel connect Sipe ee and ory ¢ Haga Series Pe semen ° DRE ims Now rae eqaton fra resicion Now mer in tus of tow ” | P2056 TRIBMUVAN UNIVensiry INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING — Heevat Examination Control Division [Programme = 2068 Magh Subject: - Fluid Mechanics ° ai Sronpal quem ener in hiro were as ra cab 2 Attempt All questions, ¥ The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks p Y Assume suitable data if necessary” - {- a svo-dimensional incompressible flow field4s defined by the Velocity components u =x x) ve-av porcniay “i se constants, If they exist, find the steam fiction and velocity potential © TE Rad aren shown below is in Now where the velocity Geld i give by Nath y byJia=b= 15°, andthe coordinates ae measured in meters Evie volume flow rate and the momentum flux through the shaded area. 2. a) Define buoyancy. Prove that for a submerged bod, the buoyancy force of the Suid ic cual <¢ the weight of di 4 3 8) Fora single-path pipe flow network, how would you find D fora given 4p, L and Q? ) The designers oft large tethered pollution-sampling balloon wish to know what the ine Wil be on the balloon for the maximum anticipated wind sened aro Whar rued to be at 20°C). A 1/20.seale model is built for testing in warer ae SOC What v ater speed is required 10 mode! the WYpe? At this speed the model drug is ‘measured to be 2k, What wil be the corresponding dray on te promt P21 (8) (8) (8) ia4 8) Viscous oil ows steadily between parallel plates. The flow is Fully dev laminar. The pressure gradient is | 25kPa/m and the channel half-width is h = 1.5iq, Calculate the magnitude and direction of the wall shear stress at the upper pij surface. Find the volume flow rate through the channel (y= 0.50N.s/m’), | . . = >) Oil with kinehiatic viscosity v = 0.000054 flow at 0.003 m°/s in a 25m lon horizontal steel pipe of 4em diameter. By what percentage ratio will the energy log increase if the same ffow rate is maintained while the pipe diameter is reduced 1 lem? 5. 8) Define Hydraulic and Energy grade line, How would you identify a compressib} fluid flow? b) Derive mass flow rate equation for a restiction flow meter in terms of discharg) coefficient C. P22