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What Are Human Skeletal System Organs?: 1. Bones

The skeletal system is made up of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilages. Bones provide structure, protection, and allow for movement. Ligaments connect bones to form joints, while tendons connect muscles to bones. Cartilage provides flexibility and protects bones from friction. There are 206 bones divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, ribs) and appendicular skeleton (limbs). Bones are classified by shape as long, short, flat, or irregular. Diseases include osteoporosis, arthritis, and cancers that affect the skeletal system organs.

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Kiara Denise Tamayo
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92 views

What Are Human Skeletal System Organs?: 1. Bones

The skeletal system is made up of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilages. Bones provide structure, protection, and allow for movement. Ligaments connect bones to form joints, while tendons connect muscles to bones. Cartilage provides flexibility and protects bones from friction. There are 206 bones divided into the axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, ribs) and appendicular skeleton (limbs). Bones are classified by shape as long, short, flat, or irregular. Diseases include osteoporosis, arthritis, and cancers that affect the skeletal system organs.

Uploaded by

Kiara Denise Tamayo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The skeletal system in human is a major connective tissue system that is made up of

organs, such as bones, ligaments, tendons and cartilages. The entire framework of
body is made up of bones, which serves as a guarding system to protect the viscera
and allows locomotion. Two bones are connected by fibrous tissues that are called
ligaments; whereas the muscles are connected to the bones by tendons. These
connections provide the system with greater range of motion and strength. Soft parts
such as nose and ear are made up of flexible connective tissues called cartilages
which further protect the bones. These different parts make up organs of human
skeletal system. The skeletal systems in male and female are a bit different in a few
aspects, such as female pelvis is flatter and round so as to support the childbirth.
Similarly, the pelvic angles and inlets are also different, such as angle in males is 90
degrees while that in females is 100 degrees.

What Are Human Skeletal System Organs?

1.       Bones
 
The most important organ of the skeletal system is the bones. Human skeleton is
made up of 206 bones that in coordination not only provides support and protection to
the viscera (with the help of muscles attached to them) but also produces blood cells
for the body from the bone-marrow.
 
    

 2.  Ligaments and Joints


Another important component, i.e. the ligaments are made of fibrous collagen tissue
that attaches one bone to another bone. This attachment forms into joints and allows
the bone to move in a particular direction and hence enhances the movement of body
parts in desired direction, such as hips, elbow, knees ad wrist etc. If the stretching of
ligament occurs more than the normal levels, the person is referred to as double-
jointed.
 

3.        Tendons
Similar to ligaments, tendons are important skeletal system organs which join the
muscles to the bones, hence they are more flexible so as to provide greater range of
movement. The contraction of tendon pulls the end of bone to which it is attached and
makes that bone to move during walking and running. But this excessive flexibility of
tendons make them more prone to injuries and infections. One such inflammatory
conditions is known as tendonitis, in which the tendons get red, swollen and painful to
move.

4.       Cartilage
 
Another organ of skeletal system is the cartilage, which is soft and flexible connective
tissue. Cartilage not only plays a role in maintaining and forming the shape of human
ear and nose as well as other organs, but also protects the bones against friction
forces (which would otherwise corrode the bones easily). The cartilages can also get
damaged or infected, causing the joint to be swollen and tender. In advanced cases,
you may require repair or replacement such as knee replacement surgery.

Divisions of Human Skeletal System


Human skeleton organs are divided into two types, the appendicular skeleton and the
axial skeleton. The axial skeleton runs in the midline i.e. the axial plane of the body
and is made up of a total of 80 bones. The axial skeleton forms the central axis and
provides protection to vital viscera, such as brain protected by skull, heart and lungs
protected by the ribs cage and spinal cord protected by vertebrae. On the other side,
the appendicular skeleton forms the body limbs, and is made up of 126 bones in total.
The most important function of appendicular skeleton is to provide movement and
locomotion.
Axial Skeleton
It contains the following from top to bottom respectively:
 Skull- it includes the cranium, face and auditory ossicles.
 Hyoid- bone of neck for muscles attachment of chin and larynx.
 Vertebral column- consist of all spinal vertebrae.
 Thoracic cage- it contains ribs and sternum.

Appendicular Skeleton
It contains the following from top to bottom respectively:
 Shoulder girdle- it includes clavicle and scapula.
 Upper limb- it contains arm, forearm and hand’s bones.
 Hip girdle- it includes hip bone.
 Lower limb- it contains leg and feet’s bones.

Classification of Bones Based on Shape and Size


The bones of human skeletal system are classified in to four distinct groups on the
basis of size and shape. They are long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular
bones.
The bones of arms and legs are long in length as compared to their width. Thus,
these are categorized under long bones. Similarly, the bones of ankle and wrist are
short and cuboidal with almost same length as compared to their width. That’s why
they are called the short bones. The bones of ribs and cranium are thin, broad and
curved. They are called flat bones. All those bones which do not have a particular
shape, and cannot be classified as long, short and flat are called irregular bones,
such as hip bones and vertebrae.
Skeletal System Diseases
Following are some major diseases of the skeletal system which affect the above
mentioned skeletal system organs:

Diseases Description

Osteoporosis This occurs in elderly population due to loss of calcium


from the bones, making them thin and easy to get
fractured.

Osteomalacia Deficiency of vitamin D in adults causes osteomalacia.


The condition is characterized by softening of bones
and easy vulnerability to fractures. Vitamin D
deficiency also interferes with the bone remodelling
processes.

Arthritis It is the inflammation of joints, mostly the mobile joints


such as neck, shoulder, knees, wrist and lower back. It
affects not only the joint spaces, but also destroys the
capsule surrounding tissues and even bones.

Scoliosis Occurs in adolescence. It is a condition in which there


is C or S shaped bending of vertebral spine and can be
seen on the x-ray. It occurs due to multiple factors
such as vitamin D deficiency and causes painful spinal
movements that can be relieved by anti-steroidal drugs
or topical application.

Bone Cancer Primary cancers of bone are very rare. In other words,
most cases of bone cancers are secondary and are a
result of metastasis from a primary cancer to the
bones. Leukemia is a blood cancer that occurs typically
in the marrow of bones and is characterized by
uncontrolled growth of abnormal looking white blood
cells.

Bursitis Inflammation of fluid filled sacs around joint space,


called bursae. It usually affects the hips and shoulders.

How to Keep Skeleton System Organs Healthy


 Take Calcium rich diet, containing 1000mg calcium per day in the form of milk,
cheese, broccoli, orange and salmon etc.
 Take vitamin D rich diet, containing 15mcg vitamin D per day for an adult in the form
of eggs, fish, orange and cereals etc.
 Do weight bearing exercises daily or at least 30 minutes twice a week so as to make
your bones strong in the form of push-ups, sit-ups and squats etc.

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