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Unit 3 - Volumetric Analysis Answers

This document provides answers to questions about volumetric analysis techniques. Key points include: - Moles of analytes can be calculated from titration values and concentrations. - Indicators are used to identify the endpoint of titrations visually. - Repeating titrations and obtaining values within 0.2 mL of each other provides an accurate mean titre. - Mean titres allow calculation of molar concentrations from moles of analyte and final volume. - Percentage errors in titrations decrease with larger titration volumes. - Proper technique like rinsing equipment and recording initial/final burette readings is important for accuracy.

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Bryan Yeoh
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152 views

Unit 3 - Volumetric Analysis Answers

This document provides answers to questions about volumetric analysis techniques. Key points include: - Moles of analytes can be calculated from titration values and concentrations. - Indicators are used to identify the endpoint of titrations visually. - Repeating titrations and obtaining values within 0.2 mL of each other provides an accurate mean titre. - Mean titres allow calculation of molar concentrations from moles of analyte and final volume. - Percentage errors in titrations decrease with larger titration volumes. - Proper technique like rinsing equipment and recording initial/final burette readings is important for accuracy.

Uploaded by

Bryan Yeoh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 3:s Part 3 (volumetric analysis) Answers

1. (a) moles of NaOH = 0.100 x 5 = 0.500 (1)


mass of NaOH = 0.500 x 40 = 20.0 g (1)

(b) moles of H2SO4 = 0.05 x 23.50 = 1.175 x 10-3 (1)


1000
moles of NaOH = 1.175 x 10-3 x 2 = 2.35 x 10-3 (1)
conc of NaOH = 2.35 x 10-3 x 1000 = 0.0940 mol dm-3 (1)
25.0
(c) (i) Any one of: (1)

➢ Added 5 dm3 of water to a plastic bucket to make up to 5 dm3 solution


instead of adding water up to the mark in a volumetric flask.
➢ Residual NaOH in the container was not reweighed OR
➢ Not all NaOH in the container was washed and transferred into the
bucket
(ii) NaOH absorbs moisture or react with acidic gas (e.g. CO2) from the
atmosphere (1)
(d) (i) Causes burns/ damage to/destroys living tissue (1)
(ii) wear gloves (1)

2. (a) (i) (Note: You are provided with a burette filled with NaOH, so no need to
mention wash and rinse)
1. Rinse a pipette with the ethanedioic solution and transfer 25 cm 3 of
the solution to a conical flask.
2. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein
3. Add NaOH from the burette slowly and swirl the flask. Add the alkali
drop by drop near the end-point.
4. Stop when the indicator changes colour from colourless to first
permanent pink.
5. Record the initial and final volume of NaOH from the burette.
6. Repeat the titration until two titres within 0.20 cm3 of each other are
obtained. They are then averaged to give the mean titre.

(b) (i) 0.00125 (1) (ii) 2 x ans in (i)=0.0025 (1)


(iii) 0.0025 x 1000 = 0.0980 mol dm-3 (1)
25.50

(c) molar mass = 126; (1) mass = 1.58 (3 SF.) (1)


(d) titre value increases / needs more volume of NaOH (1)
As acid solution is more concentrated (1)

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Compiled by M. Kana / 2020 / IAL


Unit 3:s Part 3 (volumetric analysis) Answers
3. (a) (i) 1. Weigh the solid sodium carbonate given in the weighing bottle.
2. Transfer the solid to a beaker and reweigh the empty bottle.
(this gives the mass of the sodium carbonate).

3. Dissolve the solid in small amount of distilled water


4. Pour the solution into a 250 cm3 volumetric flask
5. Wash the content of the beaker into the volumetric flask
6. Make up the solution to the mark. Mix the solution by inverting and
shaking the flask.

(ii) moles of Na2CO3 = 1.28 = 1.20 x 10-2 (2)


106
conc of Na2CO3 = 1.20 x 10-2 x 1000 = 0.0483 mol dm-3 (1)
250.0
(b) (i) yellow to orange (1)
(ii) The student needs to repeat the titration until two titres within 0.20 cm3 of
each other are obtained (1)

(c) moles of HCl = 2 x [Na2CO3] = 2.415 x 10-2 (1)


conc of HCl = 2.32 x 10-2 x 1000 = 0.989 mol dm-3 (1)
24.43

(d) % error = 0.5 x 100% = 2.0% (1)


25

4. (a) Hydrogen chloride is a gas – cannot be weighed (1)

(b) Solution will not be exactly 250 cm3. (1)

(c) (i) 2 and 3 (1). As these two are within 0.20 cm3 of each other (1)
(ii) 30.40 cm3 (1)
(iii) moles of Na2CO3 = 0.05 x 25.0 = 1.25 x 10-3 (1)
1000
(iv) 2 x ans from(iii) (1)
(v) ans (iv) x 1000 (1) = 0.0822 mol dm-3, ans in 3 significant figures (1)

5. (a) From colourless to pink (1)

(b) The first titration is a rough titration OR the first titre value is outside the 0.20
cm3 limit usually set for titration OR the first titre value is too far out (1)

(c) mean titre = 23.45 + 23.35 = 23.40 (1)


2
(d) (i) moles of tartaric acid = 0.110 x 25.0 = 2.75 x 10-3 (1)
1000
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Compiled by M. Kana / 2020 / IAL


Unit 3:s Part 3 (volumetric analysis) Answers

(ii) moles of NaOH = 0.235 x 23.40 = 5.499 x 10-3 (1)


1000

(ii) mole ratio = 5.499 x 10-3 = 2 (1)


2.75 x 10-3

(iv) 2 (must be a whole number) (1)


(e)
carbon (C) hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O)
Mass 32 4 64
Moles = Mass 32 = 2.67 4=4 64 = 4
Ar 12 1 16
Actual ratio 2.67 = 1 4 = 1.5 4 = 1.5
2.67 2.67 2.67
Simplest ratio (1 × 2) 2 3 3

Empirical formula is C2H3O3


(C2H3O3)n = 150
n=2
Thus the molecular formula is C4H6O6

(f)
(1)

(g) Percentage error is smaller with a larger titre value (1)


Calculation of percentage error e.g 2(0.05) x 100 = 1.33 %
7.5
2(0.05) x 100 = 0.40% (1)
25

6. (a) (Note: This is a second titration so no need to mention wash & rinse
burette and pipette)
1. Add a few drops of phenolphthalein into the flask
2. Add NaOH quickly from the burette till 20 – 23 cm3 and swirl the flask.
Add the alkali drop by drop near the end-point.
3. Stop when the indicator changes colour from colourless to first
permanent pink.
4. Record the initial and final volume of NaOH from the burette.

(b) (i) Draw a curved line with bottom of meniscus mid-way between 23.60 and
23.70. (1)

(ii) Tick on titres 2 and 3 (1) mean titre = 23.55 cm3 (1)
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Compiled by M. Kana / 2020 / IAL


Unit 3:s Part 3 (volumetric analysis) Answers
(c) (i) moles of butanedioic acid = 0.05 x 25.0 = 1.25 x 10-3 (1)
1000
(ii) moles of NaOH = 1.25 x 10-3 x 2 = 2.50 x 10-3 (1)
(iii) conc of NaOH = 2.50 x 10-3 x 1000 = 0.106 mol dm-3 (1)
23.55

7. (a) 1. Transfer the solid to a beaker and dissolve in small amount of distilled
water
2. Rinse the weighing bottle and pour the washing into the beaker
3. Pour the solution into a 250 cm3 volumetric flask
4. Wash the content of the beaker into the volumetric flask
5. Make up the solution to the mark. Mix the solution by inverting and
shaking the flask.

(b) molar mass = 106 (1)


moles of Na2CO3 = 2.45 = 2.31 x 10-2 (1)
106
conc of Na2CO3 = 2.31 x 10-2 x 1000 = 0.0925 mol dm-3 (1)
250.0
(c) (i) From yellow to orange (1)
(ii) mean titre = 28.60 + 28.70 = 28.65 (1)
2
(iii) moles of Na2CO3 = 0.0925 x 25.0 = 2.31 x 10-3 (1)
1000
moles of HCl = 2.31 x 10-3 x 2 = 4.625 x 10-3 (1)
conc of HCl = 4.625 x 10-3 x 1000 = 0.161 mol dm-3 (1)
28.65

8. (a) (i) pipette (not ‘burette’) (1) (ii) rinsed with the NaOH solution (1)
(iii) Colourless to first permanent pink (1)

(b) (i) titres within 0.20 cm3 of each other (1) (ii) 26.40 cm3 (1)
(iii) 5.41 x 10-3 (1) (iv) 0.216 (1) (v) 9.6% (1)
(c) Indicator colour cannot be seen as it is masked by the colour of the wine

9. (a) Colourless to first permanent pink (1)


(b) Dissolve in less than 500 cm3 of distilled water (1) in volumetric flask (1)
Make up to mark with distilled water to 500 cm3 (1) mix the solution (1)
(c) (i) 0.0025 mol (1) (ii) 0.00125 (1) (iii) 0.0250 (1) (iv) 118 (1)
(d) mass of (CH2)n = 118 – 90 = 28 (1) n = 28 = 2 (1)
14
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Compiled by M. Kana / 2020 / IAL

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