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Lect6 - Structured KR

This lecture discusses different structures that can be used to represent knowledge: semantic nets, frames, and scripts. Semantic nets represent relationships between objects or events as nodes connected by arcs. Frames represent complex objects as collections of attributes and values. Scripts represent sequences of events. The lecture provides examples of representing knowledge about people, objects, and events using these different structures.

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reyam
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8 views

Lect6 - Structured KR

This lecture discusses different structures that can be used to represent knowledge: semantic nets, frames, and scripts. Semantic nets represent relationships between objects or events as nodes connected by arcs. Frames represent complex objects as collections of attributes and values. Scripts represent sequences of events. The lecture provides examples of representing knowledge about people, objects, and events using these different structures.

Uploaded by

reyam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture6: Structured Representation of Knowledge Dr. Dhamyaa A.

AL-Nasrawi
Date: Mon. 24 Nov. 2014
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

In this lecture, we will discuss structures that can be used to represent


knowledge: Semantic Nets (represent relation between events or
objects), Frames( represent complex objects), Scripts(sequences of
events).
Outline of this lecture

 Semantic Nets
 Frames
 Scripts
……………………………………………………………
Semantic Net
Semantic networks are an alternative to predicate logic as a form of
knowledge representation. The idea is that we can store our
knowledge in the form of a graph, with nodes representing objects in
the world, and arcs representing relationships between those objects.
For example, the following:

Objects or
Relation Objects or
Events Events

Example: Ali like Apple.

Like
Ali Apple

38
Lecture6: Structured Representation of Knowledge Dr. Dhamyaa A. AL-Nasrawi
Date: Mon. 24 Nov. 2014
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The following net represent description of " My Chair".

Pearson Brown

IS-A Color

Me My Chair Seating
Owner
Using for
Covering

Leather

Some of arcs could be represented by logic as:


Usingfor(myChair, seating).
Covering(myChair, leather).

We have seen that many one place predicates in logic can be thought
of as two place predicates using some very general purposes
predicates, such as: IS-A:
Man(Ali). could be written as IS-A (Ali, man).
Now, suppose we wont to represent the fact that:
John is taller than Bill
Greater
Than
H1 H2

height height

John Bill 39
Lecture6: Structured Representation of Knowledge Dr. Dhamyaa A. AL-Nasrawi
Date: Mon. 24 Nov. 2014
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Homework: " Tree is a graph, there is one node called root, interior
nodes have previous and next nodes, nodes with no sons called leafs".
Represent this paragraph in semantic net.
Note: in semantic net, there is some relations using in Hierarichy, such
as IS-A, IS-Apart, instance.
Examples:

40
Lecture6: Structured Representation of Knowledge Dr. Dhamyaa A. AL-Nasrawi
Date: Mon. 24 Nov. 2014
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Frames

Example: Representation of a View of a Cube

41
Lecture6: Structured Representation of Knowledge Dr. Dhamyaa A. AL-Nasrawi
Date: Mon. 24 Nov. 2014
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Scripts
A script is a structured representation describing a stereotyped sequence of events in a particular context.

42
Lecture6: Structured Representation of Knowledge Dr. Dhamyaa A. AL-Nasrawi
Date: Mon. 24 Nov. 2014
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Next Lecture
Production Rules
43

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