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Mathematics Form 2 - Chapter 7-Stu Ver PDF

The document discusses key concepts in Cartesian coordinate systems including: (1) How to calculate the distance between two points using their x- and y-coordinates. (2) How to find the midpoint between two points using the formula (x1+x2)/2, (y1+y2)/2. (3) Examples of solving problems involving distances, midpoints, and plotting points on a Cartesian plane.

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Koh Shi Qi
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2K views

Mathematics Form 2 - Chapter 7-Stu Ver PDF

The document discusses key concepts in Cartesian coordinate systems including: (1) How to calculate the distance between two points using their x- and y-coordinates. (2) How to find the midpoint between two points using the formula (x1+x2)/2, (y1+y2)/2. (3) Examples of solving problems involving distances, midpoints, and plotting points on a Cartesian plane.

Uploaded by

Koh Shi Qi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 7 : Coordinates

7.1 Distances in the Cartesian Coordinate


System
Distance between Two Points
▪The distance between two points on the Cartesian plane is the length of the line joining these
two points.
▪This distance is also the shortest distance that connects the two points.
7.1 Distances in the Cartesian Coordinate
System
Formulae of the Distance between Two Points
▪If two points have the same 𝑦-coordinates,

The distance between two points


= The difference between the 𝒙-coordinates
▪If two points have the same 𝑦-coordinates,
𝑥-coordinates,

The distance between two points


= The difference between the 𝒚-coordinates
7.1 Distances in the Cartesian Coordinate
System
Distance between Two Points on the Cartesian Plane
Example 1
Calculate the distance between each pair of points KL, MN and LN on the Cartesian plane.
Example 2
Calculate the distance of the following pairs of points.
(a) A (2, 4) and B (2, 9)
(b) K (-1, -6) and L (-1, 3)
(c) P (-7, 3) and Q (1, 3)
(d) R (-8, 0) and S (-2, 0)

The value of the distance is


always positive. So is the
distance between two points
on a Cartesian plane.
7.1 Distances in the Cartesian Coordinate System
The distance between points with no common x-coordinates or
y-coordinates
▪Observe Diagram 2, how do you find the distance between point B and
point C ?
▪Notice that the line joining these two points is neither parallel to the
𝑥-axis nor the 𝑦-axis.
▪Hence, the distance between these two points can be determined by
applying the concept of Pythagoras’ Theorem.

Distance of BC = (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2


Example 4
Based on the diagram , find the distance between points A and C.

Recall
Thinking Map
Determining the distance between two points

Common x-coordinates :
Distance = Difference between the y-coordinate

Distance between two Common y-coordinates :


points Distance = Difference between the x-coordinate

Distance of AB = (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2


Practice 7.1
1. Calculate the distance between the pairs of points CD, EF, CE and DF in the Cartesian plane.
Practice 7.1
2. Find the distance between the following pairs of points.
(a) P (3, 5) and Q (3, 9)
(b) R (0, -2) and S (0, 6)
(c) V (1, 8) and W (1, -2)
Practice 7.1
3. Determine whether the straight line joining the following pairs of points is parallel to the
𝑥-axis or 𝑦-axis. Hence, find the distance between them.
(a) J (-4, 0) and K (5, 0)
(b) L (7, 3) and M (7, -3)
(c) P (-1, 5) and Q (6, 5)
(d) R (3, -1) and S (3, 1)
Practice 7.1
4. The diagram shows a Cartesian plane with points P, Q and R. Find the distance between the
points.
(a) P and Q
(b) Q and R
(c) P and R
Practice 7.1
5. Given that points P (6, -3) and Q (5, 5) lie on a Cartesian plane. Calculate the distance of
(a) point P from the origin
(b) point P from point Q
Between points P and Q, which one is nearer to the origin ?
Practice 7.1
6. Given the distance of point R (8, y) from the origin is 17 units. Find the value of 𝑦.

7. The distance between points G and H is 10 units. If the coordinates of points G and H are
(𝑥, -4) and (0, 4) respectively, find two possible values of 𝑥.
Practice 7.1
8. Given that the vertices of a quadrilateral are C (0, 3) , D (4, 5), E (11, 1) and F (1, -4). Plot
these points in a Cartesian plane, then find the distance between the following pairs of
points.
(a) C and D
(b) E and F
7.2 Midpoints in the Cartesian Coordinate System
Midpoint between Two Points
▪Midpoint is the point that lies in the middle of a line segment.
▪In general, if points A (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and B (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) are given , the coordinates of the midpoint
between the two points can be determined by using the following formula.
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
Midpoint = ( , )
2 2

Midpoint for a line segment that joins


two points is the point that divides the
line segment into two equal halves.
x

=
𝑃 𝑀 𝑄
M is the midpoint of line segment PQ.
Hence, MP = MQ
7.2 Midpoints in the Cartesian Coordinate System
Determining the Midpoint
Example 5
The diagram shows a line segment PQ. Among the points A, B, C and D, which point is the
midpoint of the line segment PQ ?
Example 6
Find the coordinates of the midpoint joining the following pairs of points.
(a) A (3, 6) and B (3, -4)
(b) C (-9, 1) and D (-1, 1)
Example 7
Find the coordinate of the midpoint of a line joining the points E (7, 2) and F (1, -6).
Practice 7.2
1. The diagram shows the points 𝐾, 𝐿, 𝑀, 𝑁, 𝑂, 𝑃, 𝑄 and 𝑅. Find the midpoint of the line joining
the following pairs of points.
(a) O and K
(b) M and L
(c) N and Q
(d) P and R
(e) M and R
(f) K and Q
Practice 7.2
2 Given that P (2, 7), Q (-8, -5) and R (6, -10). Find the coordinates of the midpoint of the line
(a) PQ
(b) QR
Practice 7.2
3. Given that the midpoint of the straight line 𝐽𝐾 is (4, 6) and the coordinates of point 𝐽 is
(-2, 4). Find the coordinate of point 𝐾.
Practice 7.2
4. In the diagram, 𝑀 is the midpoint of the line 𝑅𝑆. Find the values of 𝑥 and 𝑦.
Practice 7.2
5. 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) is the midpoint of a line joining the points A (-2, 5) and B (8, 7). Calculate the value
of 𝑥 + 𝑦.
Practice 7.2
6. In this diagram, Q is the midpoint of the straight line 𝐽𝐾 and P is the midpoint of the straight
line 𝐽𝑄. Find the coordinates of point 𝑃.
7.3 The Cartesian Coordinate System
Problems involving Cartesian Coordinate System
Example 8
The diagram shows a Cartesian plane.
(a) State the scale used on the 𝑥-axis and 𝑦-axis.
(b) State the coordinates of points A, B, C and D.
(c) Find the distance between point A and the origin.
(d) Find the coordinates of the midpoint, 𝑀, of the straight
line joining points B and D.
Practice 7.3
1. Calculate the distance between points A (-3, 5) and B (2, -7).

2. The distance between points 𝑀 and 𝑁 is 10 units. If the points 𝑀 and 𝑁 have coordinates (0,
4) and (𝑥, -4) respectively, what are the possible values of 𝑥?
Practice 7.3
3. The diagram shows a Cartesian plane.
(a) State the coordinates of points Q, R and T.
(b) Find the midpoint for each of the following pairs of points.
(i) P and R
(ii) R and S
(iii) T and S
(iv) T and Q
Summing Up
Coordinates
The coordinates of a point on a Cartesian plane are (𝑥-coordinates , 𝑦-coordinates)
or (𝑥, 𝑦). The coordinates of the origin are (0, 0).

Distance between Two Points Midpoint


(a) Common x-coordinate : Difference between the y-coordinates (a) M is the midpoint of AB in which AM = MQ. (MQ and MP are the
(b) Common y-coordinate :Difference between the x-coordinates perpendicular bisectors of lines BC and AC respectively.)
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
(c) No common x-coordinate or y-coordinate : (b) Midpoint formula : M = ( , )
2 2

Solving problems involving Cartesian coordinate system

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