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Managing Information Systems: Seventh Canadian Edition

7

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24 views

Managing Information Systems: Seventh Canadian Edition

7

Uploaded by

Jayson King
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Managing Information Systems

Seventh Canadian Edition

Laudon, Laudon and Brabston

CHAPTER 7
Telecommunications, the Internet, and
Wireless Technology

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-1


Networking and Communications Trends

• Convergence:
– Telephone networks and computer networks converging
into single digital network using Internet standards
• Broadband:
– More than 90% of Canadian Internet users have
broadband access
• Broadband wireless:
– Voice, data communication are increasingly taking place
over broadband wireless platforms

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-2


What is a Computer Network?

• Two or more connected computers


• Major components in simple network
– Client and server computers
– Network interfaces (NICs)
– Connection medium
– Network operating system
– Hubs, switches, routers

Continued …

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-3


What is a Computer Network? (cont.)

• Software-defined networking (SDN)


– Functions of switches and routers managed by
central program

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-4


[INSERT FIGURE 7.1]

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-5


Networks in Large Companies

• Hundreds of local area networks (LANs) linked to


firmwide corporate network
• Various powerful servers
– Web site
– Corporate intranet, extranet
– Backend systems
• Mobile wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks)
• Videoconferencing system
• Telephone network
• Wireless cell phones

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-6


[INSERT FIGURE 7.2]

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-7


Corporate Network Infrastructure

• Hundreds of local area networks (LANs) linked to


firmwide corporate network
• Various powerful servers
– Web site
– Corporate intranet, extranet
– Backend systems
• Mobile wireless LANs (Wi-Fi networks)
• Videoconferencing system
• Telephone network
• Wireless cell phones

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-8


Key Digital Network Technologies

• Client/server computing
• Distributed computing model
• Clients linked through network controlled by network
server computer
• Server sets rules of communication for network and
provides every client with an address so others can
find it on the network
• Has largely replaced centralized mainframe computing
• The Internet: largest implementation of client/server
computing

Continued …

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-9


Key Digital Network Technologies (cont.)

• Packet switching
– Method of slicing digital messages into parcels (packets),
sending packets along different communication paths as
they become available, and then reassembling packets at
destination
– Packet switching more efficient use of network’s
communications capacity

Continued …

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-10


[INSERT FIGURE 7.3]

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-11


Key Digital Network Technologies (cont.)

• TCP/IP and connectivity


– Protocols: rules that govern transmission of information
between two points
– Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
• Common worldwide standard that is basis for Internet
• Breaks up digital messages into packets, routes to proper
addresses, reassembles into coherent messages
• TCP: transmission control protocol (establish connection)
• IP: internet protocol (handle delivery of packets)

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-12


Communications Networks

• Types of networks
– Local-area networks (LANs)
• Ethernet
• Client/server vs. peer-to-peer
– Wide-area networks (WANs)
– Metropolitan-area networks (MANs)
– Campus area networks (CANs)

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-13


[INSERT TABLE 7.1]

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-14


What is the Internet?

– World’s most extensive network


– Internet service providers (ISPs)
• Provide connections

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-15


Internet Addressing and
Architecture
• IP addresses
• The Domain name system (DNS)

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-16


The Future Internet

• Internet2 & Next-Generation Internet (NGI)


• consortia of agencies working to provide
an new robust and high-bandwidth version
of the Internet

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-17


[INSERT FIGURE 7.9]

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-18


Internet Services and
Communications Tools
• Internet services
– E-mail
– Chatting and instant messaging
– Electronic discussion groups / newsgroups
– Voice over IP (VoIP)
– Telnet
– File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
– World Wide Web

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-19


The Global Internet

• Voice over IP (VoIP)


– Digital voice communication using IP, packet switching

• Virtual private network (VPN)


– Secure, encrypted, private network run over Internet

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-20


[INSERT FIGURE 7.10]

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-21


[INSERT FIGURE 7.11]

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-22


The Web

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)


• Communications standard used for transferring
Web pages
• Uniform resource locators (URLs)
• Addresses of Web pages
• Web servers
• Software for locating and managing Web pages

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-23


Search Engines

• Search engines
– Started as simpler programs using keyword indexes
– Google improved indexing and created page ranking
system
• Mobile search: 20% of all searches in 2012
• Search engine marketing
– Major source of Internet advertising revenue
• Search engine optimization (SEO)
– Adjusting Web site and traffic to improve rankings in
search engine results

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-24


[INSERT FIGURE 7.13]

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-25


Search Engines

• Semantic search
– Anticipating what users are looking for rather than simply
returning millions of links
• Intelligent agent shopping bots
– Use intelligent agent software for searching Internet for
shopping information

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-26


The Wireless Revolution

• Wireless devices
• Cellular systems
• Cellular network and mobile wireless standards; web access
• Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access
• Bluetooth (creates small personal area networks (PANs))
• Wi-Fi and wireless Internet access (set of standards);
communicate with wired LAN through access points
• Hotspots
• Benefits and concerns: makes Internet accessible, but may be
susceptible to interference

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-27


[INSERT FIGURE 7.14]

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-28


[INSERT FIGURE 7.15]

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-29


RFID and Wireless Sensor Network

• Radio frequency identification (RFID)


• Use tiny tags with embedded microchips containing
data about an item and location, and antenna
• Tags transmit radio signals over short distances to
special RFID readers, which send data over network to
computer for processing
• Active RFID: Tags have batteries, data can be rewritten,
range is hundreds of feet, more expensive
• Passive RFID: Range is shorter, also smaller, less
expensive, powered by radio frequency energy

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-30


Wireless Sensor Networks

• Networks of hundreds or thousands of interconnected


wireless devices embedded into physical environment to
provide measurements of many points over large spaces
• Used to monitor building security, detect hazardous
substances in air, monitor environmental changes, traffic,
or military activity
• Devices have built-in processing, storage, and radio
frequency sensors and antennas
• Require low-power, long-lasting batteries and ability to
endure in the field without maintenance

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-31


Managing Information Systems
Seventh Canadian Edition

Laudon, Laudon and Brabston

CHAPTER 7
Telecommunications, the Internet, and
Wireless Technology

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc. 7-32

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