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ELE313P ADC Practice Lab Lab 10 - Noise Realization: Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. Selvaraj

This document outlines an ADC lab on noise realization. It covers topics like random variables, uniform and Gaussian distributions, generating white noise, and using histograms to visualize random data distributions. Students are instructed to practice generating random numbers from different distributions in MATLAB and plotting histograms for various sample means and standard deviations to analyze random variables and noise.

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abhishek singh
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83 views11 pages

ELE313P ADC Practice Lab Lab 10 - Noise Realization: Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. Selvaraj

This document outlines an ADC lab on noise realization. It covers topics like random variables, uniform and Gaussian distributions, generating white noise, and using histograms to visualize random data distributions. Students are instructed to practice generating random numbers from different distributions in MATLAB and plotting histograms for various sample means and standard deviations to analyze random variables and noise.

Uploaded by

abhishek singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELE313P ADC Practice Lab

Lab 10 - Noise Realization

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj

IIITDM Kancheepuram

October 26, 2020

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 1 / 11
Topics to be covered:

1 The Random Variable


2 Uniform Random Variable
3 Practice 1
4 Gaussian Random Variable
5 Practice 2
6 Gaussian and Uniform White Noise
7 Histogram
8 Practice 3
9 Practice 4

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 2 / 11
The Random Variable

What motivated Random variables?


What is a Random variable?

Figure: mapping from a sample space to a real number

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 3 / 11
Uniform Random Variable

Expected outcomes are equi-probable.


The probability density function of a random variable which is
constant over the specific interval is given by
 1
fX (x) = b−a when a < x < b . (1)
0 otherwise

Example (In Matlab)


X1 = rand ; X1=rand(1)
X2 = rand(5)
X3 = rand(1,N)

To generate a random number in the interval (a, b) use the following


expression.
X = a+(b-a)*rand(n,m);

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 4 / 11
Practice 1

Generate random numbers from 0 to 10 using rand function.


(Hint: Multiply 10 with rand function)
Generate N random numbers from A to B using rand function. (A>1
& A<B)

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 5 / 11
Gaussian Random Variable
Normal (Gaussian) distribution is one of the most commonly used
distributions.
If x is a normal or Gaussian random variable with parameters µ and
σ 2 and its density function is given by
1 (x−µ)2
fX (x) = √ e− 2σ 2 (2)
2πσ 2

Figure: Normal distribution

X ∼ N (µ, σ 2 )
The special case X ∼ N (0, 1) is referred to as the Standard normal
random variable.
Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 6 / 11
Practice 2

Example (In Matlab)


X1 = randn ; X1=randn(1)
X2 = randn(5)
X3 = randn(1,N)

Generate normally distributed random numbers with mean 100 and


variance 25. (Hint: The randn function returns a normal distribution
with mean 0 and variance 1. if X is a random variable whose mean is
µx and variance is σx2 , then the random variable Y , defined by
y = ax + b where a and b are constants, has mean µy = aµx + b and
variance σy2 = a2 σx2 )

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 7 / 11
Gaussian and Uniform White Noise

A white noise signal (process) is constituted by a set of independent


and identically distributed (i.i.d) random variables.
A series of samples that are independent and generated from the
same probability distribution.
A white noise signal generated from a Uniform distribution is called
Uniform White Noise.
In system modeling, white noise can be generated using an
appropriate random generator.

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 8 / 11
Histogram

Histogram provides a visual representation of numerical data.

Figure: A sample histogram plot

A histogram is an approximate representation of the distribution of


numerical data

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 9 / 11
Practice 3

Plot the histogram for uniformally distributed random variable.


Plot the histogram for normally distributed random variable for the
following specifications:
µ=0 and σ=1
µ=2 and σ=2
µ=10 and σ=100
(µ and σ are mean and standard deviation respectively.
Hint: Use Inbuilt command ”histogram”)

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 10 / 11
Practice 4

Plot the histogram for Gaussian pdf (equation 2) and validate by


using randn function.

Lab Incharge: Dr. M. D. selvaraj (ADC Lab) Noise Realization October 26, 2020 11 / 11

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