EM Problem Set PDF
EM Problem Set PDF
Name: , QEID#62167059:
August, 2019
Qualification Exam QEID#62167059 2
1 Undergraduate level
Problem 1. 1983-Fall-EM-U-1 ID:EM-U-2
Consider a coaxial cable carrying currents I in opposite directions in the two conduc-
tors.
~
1. Find B(r) for all distances r from the symmetry axis.
2. Calculate the energy of the magnetic field per unit length of cable.
1. In what directions are the force F~ and the torque T~ fe1t by the loop with radius
b.
3. Compute the force on the loop. Find the time-averaged value of this force,
Fave (x) to lowest non-vanishing order in ωL/R.
4. Assume that the Fave (x) calculated in the previous part also applies if x varies
slowly. How long does it take the loop to leave the field, if initially it is at rest
and half of it is inside the field region?
1. Determine the direction and magnitude of the Poynting vector at the surface of
the wire.
2. Integrate the normal component of the Poynting vector over the surface of the
wire for a segment of length L, and compare your result with the Joule heat
produced in this segment.
2. Use the result of the previous part to compute the component of the electric
field at P in the y-direction (along the line).
2. Show that the potential Vi at the ith point shown is given by Vi = V0 ci . Calcu-
late the ratio of r/R for which c = 1/2.
1. Find the points on the x-axis a finite distance from the origin at which the
electric potential vanishes.
2. Construct a sphere which passes through these points and whose center lies on
the x-axis. Prove that the electric potential vanishes on this sphere.
1. Find the induced emf and the equation of motion for the loop. Assume that for
all times of interest, the trailing edge of the loop remains out of the magnetic
field.
3. In the case of critical damping, solve for the current i(t) and the position of the
leading edge, x(t).
• The three switches are now closed. What is the new charge on each plate of
each capacitor. Summarize your results by redrawing the circuit and indicating
both the magnitude and the sign of the charge on each of the six plates.
• Explain the difference between your answers to the last and the first parts.
1. What is the current induced in coil #1? Be sure to specify the direction, as well
as the magnitude, of the induced current. The arrow indicates the ”positive“
direction.
2. Coil #1 is held rigidly 1n place. what is the force F~ (t) on coil #2?
~ (t) on coil #2?
3. What is the torque N
1. Calculate the capacitance per unit length C and the inductance per unit length
L of the cable.
2. The characteristic impedance Z0 of the cable is the ratio of the voltage between
the cylinders to the total current flowing in either one. If we break the cab1e
into short segments of length ∆x and neglect fringing field effects, then each
segment has a capacitance C∆x and an inductance L∆x. Z0 may be found
by considering the cable to be an infinite chain of short segments in the limit
∆x → 0:
p
Show that Z0 = L/C independent of frequency. [Hint: Since the chain is
infinitely long, the impedance is unchanged if one more segment is added at the
beginning.]
1. What is the magnetic field at the point P (shown in the picture) which is a
distance r from the center of the toroid?
2. A second charge −Q is placed a fixed distance d above the first charge, forming
a dipole as shown.
(a) Find the net force and net torque on the dipole.
(b) Find an approximate expression for the net force on the conducting plane
due to the dipole, for y d.
1. Consider a circle of radius R lying in the x − y plane. Find the electric flux
through this circle at time t.
2. Using the time dependence of the result found in the previous part, find the
magnetic field at an arbitrary point in the x − y plane as a function of time.
3. Make a sketch of the time dependence of the magnetic field found in the previous
part. What is the maximum value of the field at a point (d, d, d) and at what
time does the maximum occur?
2. Using the boundary conditions found in the previous part, estimate the mag-
netic field in the air gap of the following laboratory magnet. The path length
through the iron is L and its permeability is µ. The small air gap is of length
d and the magnet is energized by two coils of N turns each. A current I flows
in each turn of the coils.
~
3. If µ/µ0 = 1000, L = 10cm, d = 0.5cm. and I = 2amp, about how large is |B|
in the air gap?
1. Find the electric field produced by this charge distribution for any point in
space.
2. Suppose this insulating sheet can be made a perfect conductor by raising its
temperature. The charge in the previous part then redistributes itself in the
conductor and comes to equilibrium. Find the electric field produced by this
new charge distribution.
3. Consider now two very thin infinite sheets of charge, with charge per unit area
as shown in the figure below. Find the electric field for all values of z.
4. Calculate the force per unit area that one sheet exerts on the other.
3. Suppose we make a very thin cut across the diameter of the sphere in the x − y
plane, dividing the sphere into two hemispheres. What is the electric force on
the hemisphere closest to the point charge?
4. What limit does this force approach as d → a?
3. This system of coils can be used to make a region of extremely uniform magnetic
field, if d/a is suitably chosen. Expand the magnetic field along the z axis in a
power series in z about the origin, and find the value of d which will make the
field most uniform near the origin.
~ at the
4. For a current I = 10A, a = 0.5m and d = 0.5m, find the value for B
origin due to both loops.
3. Find the current at times short enough that the armature has not yet come into
rotation, but long enough that the self-inductance can be neglected.
4. Find the current when the armature reaches its final operating angular velocity
ωf at long times, and find ωf .
4. Find the surface current density K that actually supports the monopole. Sketch
the surface current distribution as seen from the positive z-direction looking
down.
2. Calculate the polarization surface charge density on the surface of the sphere.
(a) Describe qualitatively the B-field produced by the solenoid for r < a and
for r > a.
(b) Use Ampere’s Law to determine B within the solenoid (r < a).
(c) Determine the self-inductance L of the length l of the solenoid.
(d) Reinterpret the result of the previous subpart to find L for the thin-walled
conductor described in the first sentence.
2. A highway patrol officer is clocking the speed of passing cars further down the
road. The patrol car is located 15m from the side of the road. The central
axis of its radar beam makes an angle of 20◦ with the road. If the transmitting
antenna has a horizontal width of 0.2m and is operating at a wavelength of 3cm,
over what distance along the road can it detect a passing car within the central
diffraction peak?
2. Taking z0 > 0 in the previous part, now let all of the region with z < 0 be
filled with grounded conductor. Show that for z > 0, the electric potential
can be written as the sum of the potential of the previous part plus a potential
corresponding to a dipole p0 located at r0 . Find the relationships between the x,
y, z components of p and p0 and between r0 and r00 . Express the total potential
in terms of the vectors p, p0 , r, r0 , r00 . Express the E field in terms of the same
vectors.
3. Hence calculate the force on a charge q located at a distance r from the origin
of a grounded conducting sphere of radius a.
1. Express the current density J~ in the region between the plates in terms of the
charge on the plates.
2. A thin spherical shell of radius a has a charge Q uniformly distributed over its
surface. It rotates about a diameter with angular frequency ω. Calculate the
magnetic field at the center.
1. Calculate the energy per unit length stored in the cable in the region between
and excluding the conductors.
2. Calculate the self inductance per unit length of the cable. (Ignore end effects
and any contribution due to fields in the conductors.)
3. calculate the total electromagnetic force F~ 0 acting on the particle in the frame
S 0.
1. Find the value that the charge Q must have in order that it can rest in equilib-
rium at x = 2a.
2. Assuming that Q has a mass m, find the period T of small oscillations around
the equilibrium position x = 2a.
1. Determine the direction and magnitude of the Poynting vector at the surface of
the wire.
2. Integrate the normal component of the Poynting vector over the surface of the
wire for a segment of length L.
3. Compare your answer with the Joule heat produced in this segment and inter-
pret this result.
3. Find the total charge induced on the plane by integrating the result of the
previous part.
(a) the vacuum region and the dielectric region assuming the plates are con-
ducting and there is a constant potential V across the plates. (The top
plate is positively charged relative to the bottom plate.)
3. Find the same quantities as in the first part, but for the case where the plates
have FIXED surface charge densities +σ0 and −σ0 on the top and bottom plates
respectively.
1. Find the expression for the magnitude of the electric field between the spheres
at a distance r from the center of the inner sphere (R ≤ r ≤ 3R).
3. What would be the final distribution of the electric charge if the two spheres
were joined by a wire?
1. (a) The currents in the coils are downward on the near side, present a simple
argument that tells whether they attract or repel.
2. The currents in the coils are initially zero. A battery (not shown) causes current
in the left loop to go downward on the near side. Present simple arguments
that give the direction of the current induced in the right coil, whether the coils
attract or repel, and whether the radial force on the coil on the right due to the
coil on the left tends to compress it or expand it.
3. For x a, b compute the mutual inductance of the two coils. Recall, the
~ = µ0 I d~l×r̂
R
Biot-Savart Law is B 4π r2
.
4. If Nb = 100, Na = 40, x = 10cm, b = 2cm, a = 1cm, and dIa /dt = 4×106 A/sec,
find the emf induced in the right coil.
2. Obtain an expression for the time taken for the rotational frequency to decrease
to 1/e of its original value, under the assumption that the energy goes into Joule
heat.
HINT: hsin2 θi = 1/2, assume decay time rotational period.
(a) r < a,
(b) a ≤ r ≤ b,
(c) b < r.
3. What is the electrical power dissipated in the resistance as the ladder is falling
in terms of the given quantities and ω?
4. Find the force on the ladder produced by the magnetic field as a function of ω
and the given quantities. State the physical direction of this force for various
values θ .
5. Describe qualitatively the effect of the magnetic field upon the falling motion if
it starts from an angle near ninety degrees. In particular, does it aid or react
against the falling motion as θ varies?
2. How are these equations inconsistent and what can you do to make them, con-
sistent (Maxwell’s contribution!)?
2. Use the fact that ρ0 is constant together with the appropriate Maxwell equation
to determine E(z).
3. Write down an expression for the divergence of the current density ~j in the
atmosphere. (Hint: Recall the continuity equation.)
4. Write down the relationship between ~j and σ. Use this together with the result
of the previous part to find a differential equation for σ(z).
Do not concern yourself with the mechanism which maintains the earth’s charge.
HINT: You may wish to analyze the similar problem of two charged wires.
2. Calculate the peak EMF induced and provide a numerical estimate for the
following conditions:
h = 15000m
d = 1m
l = 30m
a = 2m
i0 = 10, 000amps
τ = 1µs
Use ln(3) = 1.1, ln(10) = 2.3.
where a = 5.29 × 10−11 m is the Bohr radius and e is the charge of the electron.
~ everywhere due to the
1. Find the electric potential, Φe , and the electric field, E
electron charge distribution.
2. Assuming that the nucleus is a point charge of +e located at the origin, find
~ all due to the electron-nucleus com-
the potential, Φall , and the electric field, E
bination at all points in space.
4. Suppose that the atom is placed in a weak, uniform electric field, Ew . Determine
the displacement of the proton from the center of the electron cloud.
NOTE weak means that z a and that you may also assume that the electron
cloud is not distorted due to this field.
1. Find the relation between the 2nd time derivative of the voltage on the nth
node point and the voltages on the n − 1th, nth, and n + 1th node points.
2. Find the dispersion relation (ω vs λ) for periodic waves of the form Vn (t) =
V0 e−i(nlk−ωt) traveling down this transmission line.
~ = (E, 0, 0),
E ~ = (0, B, 0)
B
3. Describe how this could be used as a velocity filter for charged particles in a
directed beam, independent of their mass and charge?
2. Find the force on a one meter length of the thin wire due to the magnetic field
of the conducting strip.
2. You are given a three dimensional electric charge distribution with a volume
charge density which filling all space given by ρ(x, y, z) = ρ0 cos(αx) cos(βy) cos(γz),
where ρ0 , α, β, and γ are constants. Find the potential φ(x, y, z) due to this
charge distribution. Specify which point you take as a reference point φ = 0.
(Hint, use separation of variables to find the solution for φ(x, y, z).)
1. In the steady state what is the relationship between the current density and the
electrostatic potential?
2. Give all boundary conditions at the surface of the spherical defect that are
necessary to find the current density inside the defect.
1. Determine the magnitude and location of all the bound charges for this system.
4. Determine the potential at the center of the sphere relative to the potential at
infinity.
1. First, find the electric field due to just the wire with positive charge density, at
an arbitrary distance from the wire.
2. Find the potential (relative to the origin) due to both wires, at a distance r
from the origin in the xy-plane.
2. Calculate the total current crossing a ring of radius ρ (where ρ < a) in either
of the plates, as a function of time. (The ring is concentric with the centre of
the plate.)
3. Calculate the magnetic field between the plates, as a function of time and of
the radial distance from the center. (Hint: Construct an argument, based on
symmetry principles, for why the magnetic field will be purely azimuthal. To
get full marks, you must explain why this is true.)
2. Repeat the calculations of the previous part for the case where the battery is
instead left connected to the capacitor, causing the potential difference V to be
held fixed.
3. Compare your answers from parts the previous parts, both for small displace-
ments (x a) and for arbitrary displacements with x < a.
2. Consider an infinite, thin conducting wire, lying along the entire z axis, car-
rying a current I . Write down the current density J(x,~ y, z) that describes
this situation, and use the result from the previous part to obtain an integral
expression for the vector potential. Show that this expression diverges.
3. Using the expression for A~ obtained in the previous part, show that ∇ ~ ×A ~ is
a convergent integral, and by evaluating, it show that it correctly describes the
magnetic field outside an infinite wire.
3. If the current in the solenoid is turned off, what is the induced electric field as
a function of dI/dt?
4. What angular momentum gets imparted to each cylinder after the current is
turned off?
1. What is the capacitance of the system at room temperature with the added
material?
2. How much external work is involved in the process of inserting the slab?
Next, the battery is reconnected to the capacitor:
3. How much power is dissipated in the resistor after the circuit is restored?
5. Find the power dissipated in the resistor when the dielectric makes the transition
to its conducting state.
2. in a lab frame in which the rods are moving along themselves with velocity v,
not necessarily small compared to the speed of light. Compare the results.
2. Find the induced emf from the previous part if the velocity of the monopole at
y is v. Indicate the direction in which an induced current will circulate.
3. In mks units, the Dirac quantization condition for the minimum: qm is ekm qm =
h/4π. Evaluate qm (in A·m). Evaluate the emf (in V) for a = 1cm, y = 0 and
dy/dt = c/10, where c is the speed of light.
1. Derive the expression for the magnetic field at any point on the z-axis inside
the solenoid.
2 Graduate level
Problem 106. 1983-Fall-EM-G-4 ID:EM-G-2
1. Draw the lines of force and equipotentials inside this square of side a in two
dimensions. Each side of the square is held at a fixed potentiaI, as shown.
2. Solve for V (x, y) within the square. Then find the charge density on the lower
edge.
2. Find a φ1 (r, t) which together with A~ 1 (r, t) = 0 will give the same E
~ and B
~
fields. How unique is this φ1 (r, t)?
~ t) to φ1 (r, t), A
3. Write down the gauge transformation relating φ(r, t), A(r, ~ 1 (r, t).
1. Calculate the electric potential and the electric field everywhere in space.
2. Calculate the work done by the electric field in bringing the charge q from
infinity to a distance d from the conducting plane. Compare this with the
potential energy the charge has at this position.
2. Calculate the magnetic field inside the conductor but outside the hole.
4. Draw a diagram which shows the field lines in each of the three regions.
1. Using Gauss1an (CGS) units, write down the appropriate modified Maxwell’s
equations when magnetic monopoles are assumed to exist. You may assume
µ = = 1.
1. Find the most general solution to Laplace’s equation which may be expressed
in the form Φ = A(x)B(y)C(z) when the separation constants are all equal to
zero.
2. A 5 volt power supply is available. How long will it take to energize the magnet,
assuming the resistance of the leads is negligible?
4. If the magnet has a shunt resistance = 105 Ω, by approximately how much would
the current decay over a period of one hour?
2. If θA < θB < π/2, what is the sign of VB − VA ? Be sure to justify your result.
2. Use your result from the previous part to find the magnetic field at any point
alone the axis of solenoid with inner radius a, outer radius b, length 2L, and a
current per unit area J0 . To be specific, assume, the axis of the solenoid is the
z axis, and that it extends from z = −L to z = L.
1. Find the potential Φ(~r) in the region between the two cylinders, expressed in
terms: of the cylindrical coordinates of the point ~r.
2. Find the total charge per unit length on the surface at ρ = b. (Hint: You do
not need to determine the φ dependence.)
2. Find the surface charge density on the inside and outside surface of the spherical
shell.
3. Find the electric field at all points in space if a point charge q is also placed at
the center of the hollow conducting shell.
4. What would be the value of B for a sphere 0.1 meter in radius, charged to
10kilovolts and spinning at 104 revolutions per minute?
6. For the numerical values of R, V , and ω given before, what would be the value
of µ?
7. What current flowing through a loop 0.1 meter in diameter would give the same
magnetic dipole moment?
5. Find the force per unit area f~ on the surface charge, due to Φext , as a function
of φ.
2. For a plane, linearly polarized wave of normal incidence from the left as shown
determine the conditions satisfied by the electric field amplitudes of the incident
Ei , reflected Er , and transmitted Et waves. (Note that for a plane wave propa-
gating through a non-magnetic medium of index of refraction n, the magnitudes
of E~ and B ~ are related by E = c B
n
3. Find the ratio of the reflected intensity to the incident intensity at the interface
shown.
2. Find the magnetic field, in both magnitude and direction, within the sheet.
3. If dJ/dt = 2 × 107 A/m2 s, what is the maximum induced emf for a square
circuit of area 2cm2 placed outside a 2mm thick sheet? How should the circuit
be oriented to get the maximum emf?
2. State the boundary conditions which the fields must satisfy at z = 0 and z = L?
3. Find the ratio E1r /E1i .
4. If Z1 6= Z3 , find the condition on the thickness of the coating, L, and the value
of Z2 which makes the ratio in the previous part equal 0 (e.g. no reflection).
2. If n1 > n2 , use this result to determine the critical angle θc , for total internal
reflection.
4. Determine the phase shift δ, upon reflection when θi > θc . It is okay to leave
your answer in the form tan(δ) = . . . .
2. Find ω 0 and ~k 0 as in the previous part except that the direction of ~k bisects the
x and y axes.
2. Determine ωf .
3. The electron’s energy has increased. Determine the force that increases the
electron’s velocity. Redraw the figure of the previous part and indicate the
direction of this force at several points.
4. Use this force to determine the infinitesimal change in speed dv due to a change
dB in the field. Also determine dv using the centripetal force relation. Use
these two results to determine a relation between r and B.
5. Determine rf and vf .
6. How is the initial flux Φ0 through the orbit related to the final flux Φf ?
In a model of the atom, an electron moves in a circular orbit of radius r0 about
the nucleus, in the x − y plane, with angular velocity ω0 . The only force is
the Coulomb attraction (no magnetic field). It can move either clockwise or
counter-clockwise.
A uniform magnetic field, B0 k̂, is now applied in the +z direction, being in-
creased linearly in a time τ from zero to B0 . The angular velocity changes by a
small amount ∆ω. Assume the centripetal force due to the Coulomb attraction
is much greater than that due to the magnetic field, so that r0 does not change.
1. Show that the electrostatic potential Φ(~r) satisfies the Laplace equation in the
charge-free region of the space above the conducting plate.
2. Write down the most general series solution for Φ(~r) in the charge-free region,
based on special solutions of the Laplace equation in spherical coordinates.
3. Find Φ(~r) along the axis of the ring by another method, and use it to find the
unknown coefficients of the series solution of the previous
√ part. Your
√ answer
is actually different, depending on whether r > a + d or r < a2 + d2 .
2 2
Explain why.
4. Find series solutions to the induced surface charge distribution on the conduct-
ing plate.
√ Again, you√should have two different answers, depending on whether
r > a2 + d2 or r < a2 + d2 .
Useful formula: ∞
1 X rl
<
0
= l+1
Pl (cos γ),
|~x − ~x | l=0
r>
2. Expand the above Φ(z) in powers of a/|z| in the region |z| > a, to at least three
non-vanishing terms, and use this expansion to obtain the solution for Φ(r, θ)
in the region r > a, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π, in spherical coordinates (r, θ, φ), in the form of
an expansion involving Pl (cos(θ)) to at least l = 4.
[Given:
1 ∂2 1 ∂ 2ψ
2 1 1 ∂ ∂ψ
∇ψ= (rψ) + 2 sin(θ) + .
r ∂r2 r sin(θ) ∂θ ∂θ sin2 (θ) ∂φ2
(b)
1 ∂ ∂
sin(θ) Pl (cos(θ)) + l(l + 1)Pl (cos(θ)) = 0.
sin(θ) ∂θ ∂θ
(c)
Pl (1) = 1, for all l = 0, 1, 2, . . . .
Neglect edge effect, friction, and gravity. (Hint: One method to solve this problem is
to use the energy principle.)
2. What is the electric field at the conducting plane after the hemisphere is re-
moved?
3. Find the magnetic field produced by this monopole q ∗ , at the position of the
1 µ0
loop. (The Coulomb’s law constant 4π0
is replaced by 4π for magnetic monopole.
4. Using the result of the previous part calculate the force on the loop due to the
monopole.
3. Repeat the previous part if the magnetic dipole moment of the neutron is due to
a pair of magnetic monopoles of strengths +q ∗ and −q ∗ , respectively, separated
by a distance d in the x direction, such that q ∗ d = m0 .
4. Show that the force on the neutron is zero for z > b/2 for both models of the
neutron.
infinite block of material, we observe that there is a uniform current density, J~ = j0 êx ,
where J0 is a constant.
1. Give a simple proof that in steady state there can be no bulk charge distribution
inside the conducting material.
2. What equation governs the electrostatic scalar potential Φ inside the material?
What is the most general solution of this equation in cylindrical coordinates,
taking into account the translational symmetry of this problem along z?
3. What are the boundary conditions for Φ very far from the cylindrical cavity, and
on the surface of this cavity? Use these boundary conditions to fix all unknown
constants in the general solution for Φ that you obtained in the previous part.
~ φ) ev-
4. Using this solution, determine the steady-state current distribution J(ρ,
erywhere inside the conducting material.
5. Show that there must also be a surface charge distribution existing on the
surface of the cylindrical cavity, and obtain this distribution.
[Hint: First show that the electric field distribution inside the cavity must he a
constant, and then use suitable boundary conditions to determine this constant field.
Finally, relate this field to the surface charge density.)
[Given: In cylindrical coordinates (ρ, φ, z)
∂u 1 ∂u ∂u
∇u = êρ + êφ + êz
∂ρ ρ ∂φ ∂z
~= 1 ∂ 1 ∂A φ ∂Az
∇·A (ρAρ ) + +
ρ ∂ρ ρ ∂φ ∂z
1 ∂ u ∂ 2u
2
1 ∂ ∂u
∇2 u = ρ + 2 2+ 2
ρ ∂ρ ∂ρ ρ ∂φ ∂z
2. For each boundary condition in the previous part part, write down the appro-
priate relation for this particular problem.
3. Solve the relation from the previous part for the ratio Erefracted /Eincident .
(n−1)2
4. Show that the coefficient of reflection (of the intensity) is given by R = (n+1)2
.
1. Calculate the vector magnetic potential at point P shown in figure. You can
approximate your result by taking R a.
ωp 4πσ(ω)
(ω) = 1 + ≡1+i ,
ω02 2
− ω − iωγ ω
2. What happens to waves incident on free electron plasmas for ω < ωp ? Explain.
3. Obtain an expression (in terms of σ) for the “skin depth” δ in a good conductor.
~ and φ
In terms of potentials A
~
E ~ − 1 ∂A ,
~ = −∇φ ~ =∇
B ~ × A.
~
c ∂t
1. Show that:
1 ∂ ~ ~
∇2 φ + ∇ · A = −4πρ
c ∂t
~
1 ∂ 2A
1 ∂φ
4π
2~ ~ ~ ~
∇ A− 2 2 −∇ ∇·A+ = − J~
c ∂t c ∂t c
~ and φ.
2. Define the gauge transformation of A
3. The Lorentz gauge is defined by:
~ + 1 ∂φ = 0.
~ ·A
∇
c ∂t
Show that starting in an arbitrary gauge there is always a gauge function Λ
that allows one to set up the Lorentz gauge. What is the general class of Λ that
preserve the Lorentz gauge conditions?
4. The axial gauge is defined by Az (~r, t) = 0. Show that the axial gauge can always
be set up and find the general class of Λ that preserve the axial gauge.
Solve for the electrostatic potential Φ(x, y) throughout the interior of the hollow tube.
1. What are the boundary conditions for E⊥ and Ek on the surfaces of the resistive
plate.
2. Find the total resistance between the parallel plates. (Given cos(θ) ≈ 1 − 21 θ2
for small θ.)
1. What is the relation between the magnetic field B between the strips and the
current I flowing in the circuit?
4. What is the voltage across the strips as a function of the distance x from the
shorted end?
5. At a time t = 0+ (just after the battery is connected), what is the flow of energy
down the system as a function of distance from the shorted end? Describe where
the energy goes.
4. Derive the expression for the conductivity given in the problem statement above
when the electrons are subject to a time dependent electric field of the form
E(t) = E0 e−iωt .
1. Calculate the potential everywhere inside the channel, in the case where V (x) =
V0 sin(nπx/a).
1
R 2
2. Calculate the total electrostatic energy, W = 8π E dxdy inside the channel.
1. Determine the electrical resistance R of this region for both radial and tangential
currents.
2. Determine the current flowing through this region, including its direction.
2. In the limit of no collisions between the electrons, find the velocity of these
electrons as a function of their x position.
1. Set up the relationship between the induced emf and the velocity of the falling
loop of wire after it is released.
2. Set up the equations necessary to solve for the vertical position of the loop as
a function of time.
3. Using the results from the previous parts find the resulting current and vertical
position of the wire loop as a function of time.
4. The motion of the loop is characteristically different at high and low magnetic
fields. Find the critical value of the magnetic field separating these two regimes.
1. Determine the electric and magnetic fields for this system. (Be sure to specify
the magnitude, direction, functional dependence and location of each of the
fields.) One can assume that the length l a, b so that edge effects can be
ignored.
2. If the current in the solenoid is gradually reduced to zero in a time τ , the charged
cylinders are observed to rotate. Determine the final angular momentum of each
of the charged cylinders.
3. Show that the angular momentum gained by the charged cylinders is equal to
the angular momentum in the fields before the current was reduced.
2. A particle with charge q moves with constant velocity ~v = (0, 0, v) along the
z-axis in the laboratory frame. By making a Lorentz transformation from the
rest frame of the particle, show that in the laboratory frame the potentials are
q ~ = ~v φ,
φ= , A
s c
1/2 ~ transform
where s = [(1 − v 2 /c2 )(x2 + y 2 ) + (z − vt)2 ] (Recall that (φ, A)
like (ct, ~r) under Lorentz transformations.)
~ = −∇φ
3. Calculate the fields E ~ − 1 ∂ A~ and B ~ =∇ ~ ×A~ at the point (x, y, z) at
c ∂t
time t. (Hint: First show that B~ = ~v × E/c,
~ ~ explicitly.)
and then calculate E
Show that E~ is parallel to R
~ ≡ (x, y, z − vt).
1. Find the potential φ due to the charged rod, for any point on the z axis with
z > L/2.
2. Find φ(r, θ, φ) for all r > L/2, where (r, θ, φ) are the usual spherical polar
coordinates, in the form of a power series expansion.
Hint: The general solution of Laplace’s equation with azimuthal symmetry can
be written as ∞
X
al rl + bl r−l−1 Pl (cos(θ))
φ=
l=0
1. Determine the effective volume and surface current densities due to the magne-
tization.
~ at a point P on the symmetry axis of the cylinder.
2. Compute the magnetic field B
Check that your answer makes sense if z = L/2 and L R.
~ and H
3. Sketch the qualitative behavior of B ~ in the y − z plane.
1. 2) What is the symmetry property of the electric potential Φ under the trans-
formation φ → −φ?
2. Expand the resulting Φ(z) in a power series valid in the region |z| > a, including
at least the first three non-vanishing terms. Use this expansion to obtain the
solution for Φ(r, θ) in the region r > a, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π, in spherical polar coordinates
(r, θ, φ), in the form of an expansion involving Pl (cos(θ)) to at least l = 4.
(Recall that Pl (1) = 1 for all l.)
2. Let a solid sphere of radius R have uniform magnetization that points in the
~ = M0 ẑ, where M0 is a constant. Find the equivalent
positive z-direction, so M
~
current densities Jb and K ~ s . Using J~b and K
~ s compute the vector potential A
~
and the magnetic field B ~ at an arbitrary point outside the sphere.
where the surface S is the boundary of the volume V , d~a is the outward-pointing
infinitesimal surface area element and Tij is the Maxwell stress tensor given by
1 2 1 1 2
Tij = 0 Ei Ej − δij E + Bi Bj − δij B .
2 µ0 2
2. Using these results, compute the net force the lower hemisphere exerts on the
upper hemisphere.