FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,

UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)

MINI PROJECT ASSESSMENT FORM

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (MEM 603)

LECTURER NAME DUE DATE SUBMISSION DATE REMARKS

ASSOC. PROF ISMAIL NASIRUDDIN BIN
-on time/- late
AHMAD

No Name Student ID GROUP NO

1. MOHAMAD HAFIZ BIN AHMAD SHARBI 2016238382 EMD7M8A
2. MUHAMMAD IQBAL BIN NAIM 2016229566 EMD7M8A
3. MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN SUHAIMI 2016230076 EMD7M8A
4. AHMAD AFIQ HAZIMBIN RUSLI 2016238594 EMD7M8A
5. AZREENYANTY BT AZIZ @ ABD. AZIZ 2016230036 EMD7M8A

GENERAL LEVEL POOR MARGINAL ACCEPTABLE GOOD EXCELLENT

GUIDELINES: Scale 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10

PO Assessment Criteria (Report) Weight (w) Scale (y) Total= w * y

PO6 Introduction 10
Content/ Diagrams/Figures/ Discussion and Conclusion
PO6 Part A 20
PO6 Part B 20
PO6 Part C 20
PO6 Part D 10
PO6 Part E 10
Format, Language and
PO6 Organization References and 10
citation
TOTAL 100%

REMARKS:

i
 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING,
UNIVERSITY TEKNOLOGI MARA (UiTM)

MINI PROJECT ASSESSMENT FORM

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (MEM 603)
Planning, Communications and Presentation - Assessment Criteria
LECTURER NAME DUE DATE SUBMISSION DATE REMARKS
ASSOC. PROF ISMAIL NASIRUDDIN BIN
-on time/- late
AHMAD

No Name Student ID GROUP NO

1. MOHAMAD HAFIZ BIN AHMAD SHARBI 2016238382 EMD7M8A
2. MUHAMMAD IQBAL BIN NAIM 2016229566 EMD7M8A
3. MUHAMMAD AZIM BIN SUHAIMI 2016230076 EMD7M8A
4. AHMAD AFIQ HAZIMBIN RUSLI 2016238594 EMD7M8A
5. AZREENYANTY BT AZIZ @ ABD. AZIZ 2016230036 EMD7M8A

GENERAL LEVEL POOR MARGINAL ACCEPTABLE GOOD EXCELLENT

GUIDELINES: Scale 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10

Report type/ Assessment Criteria Weight Scal Total=

PO
Due date (Planning, Communication and Presentation) (w) e (y) w*y
PART 1 I. Program Planning and development,
PO9 20
Interim Communication, Risk, team task, etc
Report-
II. Evident of activities – Photo, Letters, Meeting
submit PO9 10
Minute etc
before wk 6
PART 2 Content and Subject Knowledge
Presentatio  Introduction and topics are well defined.
n  Details meet expectations:
Submit PO9 30
 Writing Mechanics
before wk 12  The Student demonstrates full knowledge or
comprehensive understanding of the subject
Supporting items such as Use of presentation
aids
 Adequate and creative
PO9 15
 Quality, clarity and effectiveness of the
graphics and items that support the
presentation
Organization and Presentation skills
 Topics sequence is logical and easy to follow.
 Good elocution and eye-contact
PO9 15
 The Flow is smooth and no
spelling/pronunciation errors.
 Voice is clear and easily heard.
PO9 Discipline and Teamwork 10
 Personal appearance
 Enthusiastic, prepared and proactive.

ii
  Effort organized and shared among members
TOTAL 100%

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1
1.1 Company Background..................................................................................................1
1.2 Nature of Business........................................................................................................2
1.3 Address and Date of Visit.............................................................................................2
1.4 Evident of Visit.............................................................................................................. 2
1.5 Person In Charge (PIC) at Company............................................................................2

2.0 PART A............................................................................................................................ 3

2.1 Design/Identify The Facilities for Occupational Safety and Health................................3
2.1.1 Action Item 1: Identify Control Options...................................................................4
2.1.2 Action Item 2: Select Controls................................................................................5
2.1.3 Action Item 3: Develop and Update a Hazard Control Plan....................................6
2.1.4 Action Item 4: Select Controls To Protect Workers During Non-routine Operations
And Emergencies............................................................................................................ 7
2.1.5 Action Item 5: Implement Selected Controls In The Workplace..............................8
2.1.6 Action Item 6: Follow Up To Confirm That Controls Are Effective...........................9
2.2 SHE Awareness Program...........................................................................................10
2.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)........................................................................10
2.4 Safety Checklist for The Workplace............................................................................11

3.0 PART B.......................................................................................................................... 12

3.1 Type Of Hazards That May Occur And How To Avoid................................................12
3.1.1 Physical Hazards: Noise and vibration.................................................................12
3.1.2 Ergonomics Hazards: Manual Handling..............................................................13
3.1.3 Electrical Hazards: Electricity...............................................................................14
3.1.4 Chemical Hazards: Hazardous Substances or Chemicals....................................15
3.1.5 Psycho-Social Hazards: Workplace Bullying and Harassment.............................16

4.0 PART C.......................................................................................................................... 17

4.1 Case 1........................................................................................................................ 17
4.2 Case 2........................................................................................................................ 18
4.3 Case 3........................................................................................................................ 19
4.4 Case 4........................................................................................................................ 20
4.5 Case 5........................................................................................................................ 21

iii
5.0 PART D.......................................................................................................................... 22
5.1 Estimated Cost Of Practicing Osh...............................................................................22
5.2 Benefits of Implementing Costs in OSH Management................................................24
6.0 PART E.......................................................................................................................... 25
6.1 Daily and Routine Enforcement of OSH at Site...........................................................25
6.2 Policy.......................................................................................................................... 26
6.3 Safety Committee.......................................................................................................27
6.4 Awareness and Training Program for Employees.......................................................28

7.0 DISCUSSION................................................................................................................. 34

8.0 CONCLUSION............................................................................................................... 35

9.0 REFERENCE................................................................................................................. 36

iv
v
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Company Background

PROTON Holdings Berhad, (PHB; informally Proton) is a Malaysia-based corporation active

in automobile design, manufacturing, distribution and sales. Proton was established in 1983
as the sole national badged car company until the advent of Perodua in 1993. The company
is headquartered in Shah Alam, Selangor, and operates additional facilities at Proton City,
Perak. 'Proton' is a Bahasa Malaysia acronym for Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional (National
Automobile Company).

Proton was originally a manufacturer of rebadged Mitsubishi Motors (MMC) products in the
1980s and 1990s. Proton produced its first indigenously designed (though Mitsubishi-
engine), non-badge engineered car in the year 2000, and elevated Malaysia as the 11th
country in the world with the capability to design cars from the ground up. Since the 2000s,
Proton has produced a mix of locally engineered and badge engineered vehicles. Proton
cars are currently sold in at least 15 countries, the majority of which are in Asia.

PROTON or its actual company name Syarikat Perusahaan Otomobil Nasional Sendirian
Berhad (National Automobile Company). Proton are established by the fourth Malaysia
Prime Minister, Tun Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohamed. This is the result of his idea to achieve the
aspiration of Malaysia as an industrialized nation 1when he became the Malaysia Prime
Minister.

Proton history started growing rapidly after it produce its first Proton car which is Proton
Saga in 1985 launched by Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad. The demand for Proton Saga are
encouraging. For Malaysian, his idea is brilliant as Malaysia are producing its own vehicles.
Various changes are done so that Proton are producing higher quality vehicle. Proton has
set its company mission which is to become a vehicle produce that are competitive,
innovative and a customer oriented in proton transaction. Proton has owned two production
factories in HICOM industry in Batu Tiga, Shah Alam and Tanjung Malim, Perak.

1
1.2 Nature of Business

Proton Holdings Berhad is an investment holding company. The company, through its
subsidiaries, manufactures, assembles, and sells motor vehicles and related products such
as accessories, spare parts, and other components.

1.3 Address and Date of Visit

Address : Proton Holdings Berhad, Seksyen 26, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Date of visit : 26 October 2018

1.4 Evident of Visit

Figure 1: Evidence of visit

1.5 Person In Charge (PIC) at Company

The person in-charge at company for industrial visit was Pn. Norzati Hanisah Bt Mhd Yusuff
as a Safety, Health and Environment Officer.

2
2.0 PART A
2.1 Design/Identify The Facilities for Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)1994 was enacted on the 25th February 1994
under Factory and Machinery Act 1967 that covers Occupational Safety and Health in the
manufacturing, mining, quarrying and construction industries (23% workforce). It need to
reduce rates of occupational accidents was high. The purpose of OSHA 1994 is to promote
and encourage occupational safety and health. The Act sets out the responsibilities of the
employers and employees in maintaining a safe and healthy working environment.

Effective controls protect workers from workplace hazards; help avoid injuries, illnesses, and
incidents; minimize or eliminate safety and health risks; and help employers provide workers
with safe and healthful working conditions. The processes described in this section will help
employers prevent and control hazards identified in the previous section.

To effectively control and prevent hazards, employers should:

i. Involve workers, who often have the best understanding of the conditions that create
hazards and insights into how they can be controlled.
ii. Identify and evaluate options for controlling hazards, using a "hierarchy of controls."
iii. Use a hazard control plan to guide the selection and implementation of controls, and
implement controls according to the plan.
iv. Develop plans with measures to protect workers during emergencies and nonroutine
activities.
v. Evaluate the effectiveness of existing controls to determine whether they continue to
provide protection, or whether different controls may be more effective. Review new
technologies for their potential to be more protective, more reliable, or less costly

3
2.1.1 Action Item 1: Identify Control Options

A wealth of information exists to help employers investigate options for controlling identified
hazards. Before selecting any control options, it is essential to solicit workers' input on their
feasibility and effectiveness.

How to accomplish it

Collect, organize, and review information with workers to determine what types of hazards
may be present and which workers may be exposed or potentially exposed. Information
available in the workplace may include:
i. Review sources such as OSHA standards and guidance, industry consensus
standards, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
publications, manufacturers' literature, and engineering reports to identify potential
control measures. Keep current on relevant information from trade or professional
associations.
ii. Investigate control measures used in other workplaces and determine whether they
would be effective at your workplace.
iii. Get input from workers who may be able to suggest and evaluate solutions based on
their knowledge of the facility, equipment, and work processes.
iv. For complex hazards, consult with safety and health experts, including OSHA's on-
site Consultation Program.

4
2.1.2 Action Item 2: Select Controls

Figure 2: Hierarchy of controls

Employers should select the controls that are the most feasible, effective, and permanent.

How to accomplish it

i. Eliminate or control all serious hazards (hazards that are causing or are likely to
cause death or serious physical harm) immediately.
ii. Use interim controls while you develop and implement longer-term solutions.
iii. Select controls according to a hierarchy that emphasizes engineering solutions
(including elimination or substitution) first, followed by safe work practices,
administrative controls, and finally personal protective equipment.
iv. Avoid selecting controls that may directly or indirectly introduce new hazards.
Examples include exhausting contaminated air into occupied work spaces or using
hearing protection that makes it difficult to hear backup alarms.
v. Review and discuss control options with workers to ensure that controls are feasible
and effective.
vi. Use a combination of control options when no single method fully protects workers.

Note: Whenever possible, select equipment, machinery, and materials that are inherently
safer based on the application of "Prevention through Design" (PtD) principles. Apply PtD
when making your own facility, equipment, or product design decisions. For more
information, see the link to the NIOSH PtD initiative in additional Resources.

5
2.1.3 Action Item 3: Develop and Update a Hazard Control Plan

A hazard control plan describes how the selected controls will be implemented. An effective
plan will address serious hazards first. Interim controls may be necessary, but the overall
goal is to ensure effective long-term control of hazards. It is important to track progress
toward completing the control plan and periodically (at least annually and when conditions,
processes or equipment change) verify that controls remain effective.

How to accomplish it

i. List the hazards needing controls in order of priority.

ii. Assign responsibility for installing or implementing the controls to a specific person or
persons with the power or ability to implement the controls.
iii. Establish a target completion date.
iv. Plan how you will track progress toward completion.
v. Plan how you will verify the effectiveness of controls after they are installed or
implemented.

6
2.1.4 Action Item 4: Select Controls To Protect Workers During Non-routine
Operations And Emergencies

The hazard control plan should include provisions to protect workers during nonroutine
operations and foreseeable emergencies. Depending on your workplace, these could include
fires and explosions; chemical releases; hazardous material spills; unplanned equipment
shutdowns; infrequent maintenance activities; natural and weather disasters; workplace
violence; terrorist or criminal attacks; disease outbreaks (e.g., pandemic influenza); or
medical emergencies. Non-routine tasks, or tasks workers don't normally do, should be
approached with particular caution. Prior to initiating such work, review job hazard analyses
and job safety analyses with any workers involved and notify others about the nature of the
work, work schedule, and any necessary precautions.

How to accomplish it

i. Develop procedures to control hazards that may arise during nonroutine operations
(e.g., removing machine guarding during maintenance and repair).
ii. Develop or modify plans to control hazards that may arise in emergency situations.
iii. Procure any equipment needed to control emergency-related hazards.
iv. Assign responsibilities for implementing the emergency plan.
v. Conduct emergency drills to ensure that procedures and equipment provide
adequate protection during emergency situations.

Note: Depending on your location, type of business, and materials stored or used on site,
authorities including local fire and emergency response departments, state agencies, the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Homeland Security, and OSHA
may have additional requirements for emergency plans. Ensure that your procedures comply
with these requirements.

7
2.1.5 Action Item 5: Implement Selected Controls In The Workplace

Once hazard prevention and control measures have been identified, they should be
implemented according to the hazard control plan.

How to accomplish it

i. Implement hazard control measures according to the priorities established in the

hazard control plan.
ii. When resources are limited, implement measures on a "worst-first" basis, according
to the hazard ranking priorities (risk) established during hazard identification and
assessment. (Note, however, that regardless of limited resources, employers have
an obligation to protect workers from recognized, serious hazards.)
iii. Promptly implement any measures that are easy and inexpensive—e.g., general
housekeeping, removal of obvious tripping hazards such as electrical cords, basic
lighting—regardless of the level of hazard they involve.

8
2.1.6 Action Item 6: Follow Up To Confirm That Controls Are Effective

To ensure that control measures are and remain effective, employers should track progress
in implementing controls, inspect and evaluate controls once they are installed, and follow
routine preventive maintenance practices.

How to accomplish it

i. Track progress and verify implementation by asking the following questions:

a. Have all control measures been implemented according to the hazard control
plan?
b. Have engineering controls been properly installed and tested?
c. Have workers been appropriately trained so that they understand the controls,
including how to operate engineering controls, safe work practices, and PPE
use requirements?
d. Are controls being used correctly and consistently?
ii. Conduct regular inspections (and industrial hygiene monitoring, if indicated) to
confirm that engineering controls are operating as designed.
iii. Evaluate control measures to determine if they are effective or need to be modified.
Involve workers in the evaluation of the controls. If controls are not effective, identify,
select, and implement further control measures that will provide adequate protection.
iv. Confirm that work practices, administrative controls, and personal protective
equipment use policies are being followed.
v. Conduct routine preventive maintenance of equipment, facilities, and controls to help
prevent incidents due to equipment failure.

9
2.2 SHE Awareness Program

i. Motorcycle defensive riding training(MDRT)

ii. Safety talk
iii. Industrial safety training
iv. Ergonomic training
v. Fire training
vi. SHE inspection at workplace- to detect potential hazard and ensure the work
environment, plant, equipment, and processes in the workplace are in safe condition
vii. DOSH inspection- to ensure process, plant, and equipment compliance to OSHA Act
1994 and FMA Act 1967
viii. Bomba inspection-inspect all hydrants and fire certificate renewal

2.3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Figure 3: Personal protective equipment

10
2.4 Safety Checklist for The Workplace

11
3.0 PART B
3.1 Type Of Hazards That May Occur And How To Avoid
3.1.1 Physical Hazards: Noise and vibration

Physical hazards are factors within the environment that can harm the body without
necessarily touching it

How they can be avoided.

i. Employees are not exposed to noise that exceeds the national exposure standard
(more than 85 dB)
ii. Source of the excessive noise is eliminated
iii. Noisy equipment is positioning away from other work areas
iv. Hearing protection supplied and used when working with or near power tools or
powered mobile equipment
v. Powered tools are maintained to reduce noise & vibration
vi. Exposure to excessive noise is limited
vii. Noise- suppressed equipment used such as silenced vibrators or rubber cushion
pad.
viii. Signs indicating any noisy areas and that hearing protection is required

Figure 4: Example signs noise hazard Figure 5: Level noise

12
3.1.2 Ergonomics Hazards: Manual Handling

It includes lifting, lowering, pulling, pushing, carrying, moving, holding or restraining an

object. For example, bending, kneeling or twisting while fitting, removing heavy parts,
holding fixed postures for long periods of time, working in cramped positions, Using
excessive force with hand tools

How they can be avoided

i. All employees and staff is train how to lift properly and perform their particular task
safely
ii. High shelves are for light goods only
iii. Use hoists, jacks to adjust the vehicle to comfortable height such as to raise or lower
vehicle so you can rest on stomach while bending over the engine
iv. Use mechanical aids and/or team lifts
v. Reduce work reaching above shoulders for long periods
vi. Use appropriate PPE such as gloves, long trousers, boots, glasses, protection pads
vii. First aid kits available and fully stocked.

Figure 6: Example of aiding device

Figure 7: Type PPE equipment

13
3.1.3 Electrical Hazards: Electricity

Electricity is the flow of negatively charged particles (electrons) through electrically

conductive material. Electricity flows through conductors. Conductors include metals, water,
the Earth and the human body. Electricity must have a complete circuit or path to flow. When
electrical tools are working properly a complete circuit is maintained between the tool and
the energy source. However, if the tool is damaged the person may come in contact with the
electricity and can become a path for the current.

How they can be avoided

i. Licensed electricians needed for any electrical work
ii. Emergency stop buttons is installed on equipment to be stopped quickly in an
emergency
iii. Electrical equipment is kept away from water and other liquids
iv. Extension leads is secure and protected from damage
v. All electrical equipment is in good condition and free from damage
vi. Leads kept away from sources of damage such as water, heat, vehicles, trolleys
vii. Signs indicating any electrical areas is required

Figure 8: Signs indicating electrical hazard area Figure 9: Emergency stop buttons

Figure 10: Hazardous electrical equipment location

14
3.1.4 Chemical Hazards: Hazardous Substances or Chemicals

Hazardous chemicals in the workplace are substances, mixtures and materials that can be
classified according to their health and physicochemical risks and dangers such as petrol,
solvents, degreasers, paints and cleaning products.

How they can be avoided

i. Adequate ventilation is provided
ii. Written risk assessments are conducted to identify hazardous substances and
control the risks
iii. Appropriate PPE are provided
iv. All hazardous substances are clearly labelled
v. Hazardous substances not stored in food and/or drink containers
vi. Flammable and combustible liquids are stored away from ignition sources
vii. Eye washes are located in immediate vicinity of chemical storage area
viii. Training provided in safe storage & handling practices

Figure 11: Example of Globally Harmonized System (GHS) labels

Figure 12: Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) pictograms

15
3.1.5 Psycho-Social Hazards: Workplace Bullying and Harassment

Pattern of behaviours or comments that could harm someone mentally or emotionally such
as spreading gossip, excluding person from group, making obviously offensive jokes, setting
impossible deadlines or giving person nothing to do and undermining person’s work

How they can be avoided

i. Bullying & harassment policy displayed in the workplace
ii. Workers have received information, instruction and training in relation to dealing with
bullying and harassment
iii. Workers are trained in recognition of, communication for & management of bullying &
harassment
iv. Appropriate counselling is provided to workers following a workplace bullying,
harassment, aggressive and violent incident

Figure 13: Example bullying & harassment policy

16
4.0 PART C

An emergency or accidents can be happening anywhere or anytime in a workplace during

the process of making a product. We cannot predict when it will happen but we can reduce it
and avoid it from happening. This situation will endanger the safety of the workers. As for a
big company, they need to have the following procedure after the emergency or accident
happen. We were told that there are several accidents that happen in Proton (Shah Alam).
Mostly are not seriously injured but there were also cause death. Below are some cases of
emergencies that have been identified during the visit at the company.

4.1 Case 1

A worker suffered an injury when his truck crashed with another truck. The accident occurred
was because his toe was not in the proper platform area during driving the truck. Thus, when
another truck came from behind, it crashed with his toe. Luckily, he wore his safety shoes
and no serious injury occurred.

Procedure:
The immediate action taken after the accident was took a statement from the supervisor,
witnesses and both workers that involve in the accident. Then, the supervisor was briefed
regarding the accident and finally, they made a simulation of accident at the place occurred.
Since that, they come out with a new rule. Which is the truck cannot be too close with
another truck and need to be at least 2 meters away. This can avoid the accident from
happening next time.

Figure 14: Chronology of accident

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4.2 Case 2

For the fire, self-rescue techniques, there is an evacuation plan provided by the company.
The evacuation plans are very important to be placed at every section in working area. This
is to make sure when there is a fire, the workers will be alerted where they supposed to be.
The plan should be developed by determining the following:
i. Conditions under which an evacuation would be necessary.
ii. Conditions under which it may be better shelter-in-place.
iii. Specific evacuation procedures, including routes and exits.
A disorganized evacuation can result in confusion, injury, and property damage.

Procedure:
i. Close all the doors, but do not lock.
ii. Bring along the hand phone.
iii. Contact the in-charge person or the fire rescue department.
iv. If there were a smoke, crawl under it.
v. Before opening any door, feel the knob and the door with the back of the hand. Use
alternative way if it feels hot.
vi. If trapped in a room, block the smoke passage with wet cloth and send signal of the
current location.
vii. Gather at assembly point. It is not advisable to go on the rooftop unless really
needed.

18
Figure 15: Evacuation plan layout

19
4.3 Case 3

An incident which involve with a chemical spill control. This kind of accident occurred at the
painting section because they involve with chemicals of the paint.

Procedure:
i. Make sure the scene is safe. Identify the spill liquid and refer to the MSDS.
ii. Put on appropriate Personal Protective Equipment according MSDS. Do not enter the
contaminated area if in doubt of safety.
iii. Place socks around the spill to contain the liquid chemical from spreading.
iv. Cover the spill with absorbent material.
v. Remove the saturated chemical and put it into disposable.
vi. Clean up the area using method stated in MSDS.

Figure 16: Chemical spill control

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4.4 Case 4

Electrocution and burn normally will come together. It needs medical attention even the
person seems to be just fine. It might give effect in a long-time term. In a big company, there
will be a high voltage machine running to form a product. In Proton, they use robotic arm to
perform a welding process.

Procedure:
i. Make sure the scene is safe, electricity cut off before approach the victim.
ii. Always wear the suitable Personal Protective Equipment. Tap the victim and shout
“Are you okay?”
iii. If the victim is unconscious, follow DRsCAB procedure. If the victim is responsive,
check the victim for injury.
iv. Expose the burn area.
v. Cover the burn area with a piece of non-sticky wet cloth.
vi. Monitor victim condition and send to nearest hospital.

Figure 17: Electrocution and burn

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4.5 Case 5

Ergonomic is the relationship between the working environment and the human being to
overcome various types of hazards to the workers. It includes aspects of human interaction
with the use of equipment, working conditions and workplace environmental factors (IEA,
2008). ergonomics is applied in place work for the health and safety of workers is at a
satisfactory level. We often hear the complaints of workers who are suffering from the
problem of body care which is due to workplace design problems. It may affect someone's
work productivity.

Procedure:
i. Adjust distance and height of monitor. Top of the monitor at eye level and slightly
tilted.
ii. Relax shoulder which is forearms parallel to the floor. Minimal bend at the wrist.
iii. Chair should have a backrest and armrest.
iv. Legs should parallel to the floor and thighs horizontal with a 90°-110° angle at the
hip.
v. Feet supported and flat on the floor. If this isn’t possible, then the feet should be fully
supported by a foot rest

22
 Figure 18: Best desk posture

5.0 PART D
5.1 Estimated Cost Of Practicing Osh

Accidents are a common feature of the human experience and result in injury or permanent
disability to large numbers of people worldwide every year. Many accidents also involve
damage to or loss of property. Extra costs suffered and increase of various types of expense
in company operation due to the accident happen may cause the person involved and
employer to lose their income or profit due. The accident costs are normally higher than
expected due to indirect or hidden costs. Costs to consider when calculating the outcome of
poor or non-existent health and safety management will depend on the type of incident,
injury or ill health sustained. The type of the costs is usually as the following below.

I. Administration costs
Administration costs include the time that have been spent to manage injured workers, their
injury or ill health, their absence from work and their change of work activities until they are
ready to return to their usual role. There may also be costs associated with a prosecution or

23
a common law claim by the injured worker. Legal fees and common law claim may be
covered by insurance however; penalties are not covered.

Figure 19: General Breakdown of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Cost

II. Damages costs

Damages costs usually include the time to measure the damage in terms of property,
equipment or material, time to repair or replacement of the equipment, to coordinate repair
work and clean up. Costs may also take account of contractors and materials for clean-up,
salvage and rental cost of equipment to cover the period until normal operations continues.

III. Investigation costs

Investigation costs include the time required to examine the injury, to complete the incident
investigation report, general paperwork and company records. For the more serious
incidents and injuries, time may also be required to report incidents to the Health and Safety
Executive (HSE) and assist with its investigations, including stopping production and work
activities until given permission to proceed. After any incident, there will be follow-up
meetings with workers, their representatives or safety committee members, to discuss
findings and required changes to procedures and processes.

IV. Incident costs

24
Incident costs include the time to provide first aid, to transport the injured person to hospital,
clinic or home, lost productivity for all involved, time to make the work area safe, cost of first
aid supplies and equipment used.

V. Productivity costs
Productivity costs include the loss of productivity or work time due to delay waiting to resume
work and costs associated with closing down a work process or activity.

VI. Replacement costs

Replacement costs include the time to hire or relocate a replacement worker or to
reschedule worker’s activities, training and trainee time for the new or relocated worker as
well as costs to hire or recruit a new worker. The replacement cost can change, depending
on the changes in market value of the asset and any other costs required preparing the
asset for use.

25
5.2 Benefits of Implementing Costs in OSH Management

The implementation of an effective safety and health program in the workplace would reduce
the accident rates and also reduces the accident costs. By estimating the accident costs to
employers, it could encourage and increase their awareness to act and to reduce the
accident rate. There are also several indirect benefits to the company such as higher quality
of production and staff reliability, resulting from healthier employees. Furthermore, workers
will be more motivate and competent and this will reduce the absentees and establish good
reputation for employers. Lastly, reduction in replacement and training costs due to delays in
productions and low-quality works will also become one of the benefits of implementing
costs in OSH management.

26
6.0 PART E
6.1 Daily and Routine Enforcement of OSH at Site

At PROTON Shah Alam Sdn. Bhd., workers are inspected whether they are wearing safety
boots or not before they enter the factory. Sign for workers to wear safety boots before
entering the premise is displayed near the punch card machine.

Figure 20: Sign for wearing safety boots to enter the factory

Safety boots are required before entering the factory to reduce threat of heavy materials or
equipment in the area, falling or rolling objects, or objects that could pierce the sole of an
employee’s shoe. This sign is crucial for employees to take this precautionary action as it is
compulsory for safety and health.

27
6.2 Policy

PROTON Shah Alam Sdn. Bhd. does not use OSH Act for their occupational safety and
health policy. Instead right now they are applying for ISO 45001:2018.

Figure 21: Example of ISO 45001:2018 Certificate

The occupational health and safety (OH&S) management system, ISO 45001, is a new
international standard that provides a framework for an organization to manage risks and
opportunities to help prevent work-related injury and ill health to workers. The intended
outcome is to improve and provide a safe and healthy workplace. ISO 45001 is intended to
help organizations, regardless of size or industry, in designing systems to proactively
prevent injury and ill health. All of its requirements are designed to be integrated into an
organization’s management and business processes.

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6.3 Safety Committee

Based on our visit, we did not discover any safety committee for the company. As we
noticed, the company did not hire or develop safety committee for the company because
total workers are below 100 persons. Therefore, they might think that it is unnecessary for
them to have safety committee. We would like to suggest to the company to have safety
committee for better health and safety of workers at the company.

The responsibilities of the safety committee are:

i. contribute in development and implementation of programs to protect the employees’
safety and health
ii. handle employee complaints and suggestions concerning safety and health
iii. ensure the maintenance and monitoring of injury and work hazard records
iv. monitor and follow-up hazard reports and recommend action that should be taken
v. set up and promote programs to improve employee training and education
vi. participate in all safety and health inquiries and investigations
vii. consult with professional and technical experts
viii. participate in resolving workplace refusals
ix. make recommendations to management for accident prevention and safety program
activities
x. monitor effectiveness of safety programs and procedures
xi. conduct meeting with management on safety and health of workers

Figure 22: Example of Safety Committee of a Company

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6.4 Awareness and Training Program for Employees
Awareness and training program are important to provide a great way to educate personnel
on health and safety drills. Below are some examples of training that can be conducted by
the company:

i. Emergency evacuation
A drill to train the employee on how to safely evacuate the premise and the necessary
actions needed to be taken during the evacuation. This training can be done in conjunction
with fire drill or any other safety training for the employee. This training must be done at least
once a year.

There are several ways that you need to do to save yourself from getting stuck in a building
that burns. Do not use the elevator because the elevator will stop suddenly when anxiety
instead use an emergency ladder. By following the evacuation plan attached to the wall.
Next, do not panic because panic can complicate the situation.it will make your mind cannot
focus on the evacuation plan at you work when you want to save yourself. Also, turn off the
electrical equipment to avoid any defective or electric shock that can accelerate the spread
of fire.

Figure 23: Evacuation Training

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 ii. Fire safety/drill
A drill to train the employee on how to react during a fire emergency. The employee will be
trained on how to use the fire extinguisher, how to extinguish the fire and other actions need
to be done during a fire. This training can be done in conjunction with the emergency
evacuation drill. This training must be done at least once a year.

Figure 24: Firemen Instructing on How to Use Fire Extinguisher

iii. Basic occupational first aid and CPR

This program is suitable for Workplace First Aider, Emergency Response Team (ERT),
Safety Managers and Personnel, Security Managers and Personnel, Safety and Health
Committee Members, Production / Line Managers, Engineers / Executive and All levels of
workers and interested individuals. Upon completion of this programs, the participants will be
able to Perform Basic Life Support Skill such as CPR & Choking, Understand the importance
of Automated External Defibrillator (AED) to increase survival rate and Render First Aid
Management for various injuries such as bleeding, burn, shock, fracture, spinal injuries and
etc. Then, understand systematic approach to survey & diagnose patient. Lastly, become a
Qualified First Aider & comply with legal provision: Occupational Safety & Health Act 1994.

Figure 25: CPR Training Instructed

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 iv. Equipment handling
Employees must be trained in the proper use and limitations of the equipment they operate.
This includes knowing how to effectively use equipment such as forklifts, robot hand cranes,
lifting or carrying materials. This is because if not properly done can cause damage of the
product, equipment damage, accident and lost the time.

v. Emergency Situation
During emergency situation, employees should know what to do and where to go.
Person on Duty
There are few responsibilities that person on duty shall do during emergency situation which
are:
a. Take care of the visitors or clients inside the building
b. React and manage the emergency
c. Notify related emergency response service of the emergency
d. Turn off the electricity and gas as soon as practicable
e. Tell all information relating to the emergency and actions taken to the emergency
response team as they arrive

What Workers Should Do if They Discover a Fire

a. Raise the alarm by operating the nearest fire alarm call point
b. Evacuate to a safe place
c. Where appropriate check toilets and close windows and doors on the way out.
d. Leave the building by the nearest exit.
e. Do not stop or return to collect personal belongings.
f. Ensure visitors are escorted from the building to the assembly point.
g. Close any doors en-route without delaying your escape.
h. You must remain at the assembly place.
i. Return to the building only when authorized to do so.

What Workers Should Do if They Hear the Fire Alarm?

a. Leave the building by the nearest exit.
b. Close any doors en-route without delaying your escape.
c. Do not stop or return to collect personal belongings.
d. Do not use any firefighting equipment unless you have been trained.
e. Do pass any information to the building responsible person at the assembly point.
f. You must remain at the assembly place.
g. Return to the building only when authorized to do so.

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 vi. Inspection
There is no evidence that the company keep any records for the inspection of their safety
and health system. The safety and health system needs to be inspect yearly to:
i. Determine whether OH&S plans have been implemented and objectives achieved
ii. Check that risk control measures are in place and are effective
iii. Learn from system failures such as areas of non-compliance, accidents and incidents
iv. Promote the implementation of plans and risk controls by providing feedback to all
parties
v. Provide information that can be used to review, and if necessary to improve aspects
of an OH&S management system.

Below are examples of checklists for the safety and health management system:

a. Posting of Signs
Are emergency telephone numbers posted where they can be readily found in case
of emergency?
Are signs concerning “Exiting from buildings,” posted where appropriate?

b. Record Keeping
Are all occupational injury or illnesses, except minor injuries requiring only first aid,
being recorded?
Are employee medical records required for employees and records of employee
exposure to hazardous substances or harmful physical agents as well as
psychological stressors up to date?
Are employee training records (OHS) kept and accessible for review?
Have arrangements been made to maintain OHS records for the legal period of time
for each specific type record?

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c. Safety and Health Program

Do you have an active safety and health program in operation that deals with general
safety and health program elements as well as the management of hazards specific
to workplace?
Is there a person clearly responsible for the overall activities of the safety and health
program?
Do you have a safety committee that meets regularly and report in writing on its
activities?
Do you have a working procedure for handling employee complaints regarding safety
and health?
Are employees advised of the successful effort and accomplishments of the safety
committee in assuring that they have safety and health in their workplace?
Have you considered incentives for employees or teams who have excelled in
reducing workplace injury/illnesses or developing preventive strategies?

d. Medical Service and First Aid

Is there a hospital or medical clinic for quick medical care in close proximity to your
workplace?
If medical and first-aid facilities are not close at hand, are employees trained to
administer first aid at all times?
Are all employees expected to respond to medical emergency?
 First aid training
 Had hepatitis B vaccination made available to them
 Had appropriate training on procedures to protect them from blood-borne
pathogens, including universal precautions
 Have available and understand how to use appropriate personal protective
equipment to protect against exposure to blood borne diseases

Where employees have had an exposure, incident involving blood borne pathogens,
are there any provision for an immediate post-exposure medical evaluation and
follow-up?
Are medical or other specialist personnel readily available for advice and consultation
on matters of employees’ health?
Are emergency phone numbers posted?

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e. Fire Protection

Is local fire department well acquainted with organizational facilities, its location and
specific hazards?
If you have a fire alarm system, is it certified as required?
If there is a fire alarm system, is it tested as required?
If you have outside private fire hydrants, are they flushed at least once a year and on
a routine preventive maintenance schedule?
Are fire protective elements such as fire doors, fire blankets, fire extinguishers all
routinely checked and maintained in good working condition?
Are portable fire extinguishers provided in adequate number and type and readily
accessible?
Are employees periodically instructed in the use of extinguishers and fire protection
procedures?

f. Personal Protective Equipment and Clothing

Are employers assessing the workplace to determine if hazards that require the use
of personal protective equipment like aprons etc. present?
Has the employer been trained on personal protective equipment procedures?
Are approved safety glasses required to be worn at all times in areas where there is
a risk of eye injuries such as punctures, abrasions, contusions or burns?
Are protective gloves, aprons, shields, or other means provided where risks have
been identified?
Where food or beverages are consumed on the premises, are they consumed in
areas where there is no exposure to toxic material, blood, or other potentially
infectious materials?
Is protection against the effects of occupational noise exposure provided?
Are adequate work procedures, protective clothing and equipment provided as
needed?
Are there appropriate procedures in place for disposing of contaminated personal
protective equipment?

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7.0 DISCUSSION

When focusing on safety issue in workplace, everything should be taken seriously so that
the accident and incident can be avoided from happening. For the company, especially
safety department should play an important role to form a safety regulation so that the
workers can obey and follow the rules set. Employees especially workers who work at the
workplace that have high risk for the accident to occur should obey the rules by wearing full
and appropriate PPE. HIRARC should be done in every company so that they can access
the risk that might happen to the workers and further action can be taken appropriately.

Basically, the OSH management system can protect the employees and as well as benefits
both of employers as well as employees by enhancing the commitment to the team as
whole. By practicing this rules and regulations, accident and incident can be avoided from
occurring which might affect the company as well as their workers. However, if any incident
or accident occurred at the work place, preventive actions need to be taken after an accident
to ensure such cases do not happen again. This will help the company, workers, civilians
and others greatly as these actions can save many lives. Even if such cases still happen in
the times yet to come, by continuing improving these actions is an improvement to safety. It
is better to do something and keep improving than doing nothing and stay the same

Lastly, ethical principles and professional ethics need to be follow in doing work. This applies
to all types of work such as construction, office, political, engineering and others. Such
professionalism need to be applied to ourselves in preventing problems like unwanted
accidents, misconduct, corruption and bribery from ever happening. In this modern era, the
lacks of professionalism need to be corrected to ensure the improvement of our modern
society and keep moving forward.

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8.0 CONCLUSION

As a conclusion, PROTON Holding Berhad (PHB) is an automobile producer in Malaysia

which abided to Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, Factories and Machinery Act
1967 and Environmental Quality Act 1974 which require them to follow the rules and
regulations listed. Hence, there were several types of safety facilities provided in their
production area and also in their working area. Other than provide a complete set of
personal protective equipment (PPE) for the workers and visitors, they also locate all the
danger and hazard sign at each hazard sources.

Lastly, this assignment allowed us to acknowledge that Occupational safety and health
(OSHA) main objective is to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work against
risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work in industry. Besides,
Occupational safety and health (OSHA) is the one of the organization which are indirectly
protect persons at a place of work other than persons at work against risk to safety or health
arising out of the activities of persons at works. Moreover, they also have become more
mature and always striving to improve the level of occupational health and safety in making
a safe and healthy work practices part of the Malaysian culture. This effort is based on a
tripartite process towards a culture practice.

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9.0 REFERENCE

1. United States Department of labor. (October, 2016). Retrieved from Recommnded

Practices for Safety and Health Programs:
https://www.osha.gov/shpguidelines/getting-started.html

2. Industry Safe. (16 February, 2017). Retrieved from Top 5 safety hazards in the
manufacturing industry: https://www.industrysafe.com/blog/safety-management/top-
5-safety-hazards-in-the-manufacturing-industry

3. VCAS Model Bullying and Harassment Policy. (2018). Retrieved from Model Bullying and
Harassment Policy: https://studylib.net/doc/7786226/vcas-model-bullying-and-
harassment-policy

4. Slide Share. (11 July, 203). Retrieved from PROTON COMPANY:

https://www.slideshare.net/SukieRpc/blak-paper

5. Bonine, T. (23 April, 2014). Plant Engineering. Retrieved from Six serious safety hazards
to avoid in manufacturing jobs: https://www.plantengineering.com/articles/six-serious-
safety-hazards-to-avoid-in-manufacturing-jobs/

6. Carpenter, B. (n.d.). GHS Labels: What They Look Like and What They Mean. Retrieved
from https://vividlearningsystems.com/blog/ghs-labels-what-they-look-like-and-what-
they-mean-1

7. Morrison, K. W. (22 May, 2016). Safety and Health. Retrieved from 7 common workplace
safety hazards: https://www.safetyandhealthmagazine.com/articles/14054-common-
workplace-safety-hazards

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