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Find The N Differential Co-Efficient of The Following: MAT-101 Engineering Mathematics 1 Differential Calculus Notes 3

This document provides notes on finding the nth differential coefficient of various functions. Some key functions covered include log(x+3x^2), x/(x+2), 1/(1+3x+2x^2), cos^2(x)/(1+cos(2x)), sin^3(x), 3sin(x)sin(3x), and e^3xsin(5x)cos(2x). Formulas are derived for taking the nth differential of these functions. It is also shown that the nth differential of 1/(x+a)^2 is (-1)^n*n!*sin[(n+1)θ]sin^(n+1)(θ)/(a).

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
55 views12 pages

Find The N Differential Co-Efficient of The Following: MAT-101 Engineering Mathematics 1 Differential Calculus Notes 3

This document provides notes on finding the nth differential coefficient of various functions. Some key functions covered include log(x+3x^2), x/(x+2), 1/(1+3x+2x^2), cos^2(x)/(1+cos(2x)), sin^3(x), 3sin(x)sin(3x), and e^3xsin(5x)cos(2x). Formulas are derived for taking the nth differential of these functions. It is also shown that the nth differential of 1/(x+a)^2 is (-1)^n*n!*sin[(n+1)θ]sin^(n+1)(θ)/(a).

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Torcoxk Namgay
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MAT-101 Engineering Mathematics 1

Differential Calculus
Notes 3

1. Find the nth differential co-efficient of the following:


(i) log(x+3x2)
y  log  x  3x 2   log  x 1  3x    log x  log(1  3 x)

 1  1
n 1 n 1
(n  1)!(1) n (n  1)!(3) n
 yn  D  log x   D  log(1  3x)  
n n

xn (1  3x) n
1 (3) n 
  1 (n  1)!  n 
n 1

x (1  3x) n 
(ii) Find the nth differential co-efficient of

x 1
x( x  2)
x 1
y
x( x  2)  x 1 A B 
1 3  let x( x  2)  x  x  2 
   
2 x 2( x  2)  A( x  2)  Bx 
  
 1   3  x( x  2)
 yn  D n    D n   
  x  1  A( x  2)  Bx          (1) 
 2x   2( x  2)   
1 n  1  3 n  1   put x  0 in(1), 
 D   D    1 
2 x 2  ( x  2)   1  2 A  A  
 2 
1  1 n !(1) 3  1 n !(1)
n n
 put x  2 in(1),
n n

   
2 x n 1 2  x  2 n 1  3   2 B  B  3 
 2 
1  1 3   
  1 n !  n1 
n
x 1 1
n 1 
3
   
2  x  x  2    x( x  2) 2 x 2( x  2) 

(iii) Find the nth differential coefficient of


x
1  3 x  2 x 2 (Hint . Resolve into partial fraction and proceed like the previous
problem)
 1 2n 
Ans: (1)n n!  
 ( x  1)
n1
(2 x  1)n1 

Jyothi Lakshmi S
(iv) cos2(x)
1  cos(2 x)
y  cos 2 ( x) 
2
1  cos(2 x)  1 n
 D 1  cos(2 x)   D n 1  D n  cos(2 x) 
1
 yn  D n  
 2  2 2
1     
0   2  cos  2 x  n     2  cos  2 x  n 
n 1

n

2  2   2

(v) sin3(x)

3sin( x)  sin(3 x)
y = sin 3  x  
4
 3sin( x)  sin(3 x)  1 n
 yn  D n     D 3sin( x)   D n sin(3 x) 
 4  4
 3D n sin( x)   D n sin(3 x) 
1
4
1         
 3 sin  x  n    3n sin  3 x  n   
4   2    2  

(vi) 3sin(x)sin(3x)  Cos( A  B)  cos( A  B) 


 sin A sin B  
2
 
 and Cos( )  cos( ) 
cos( x  3 x)  Cos ( x  3 x)
y  3sin  x  sin  3x   3
2
3 3
  cos( 2 x)  Cos (4 x)    cos(2 x)  Cos(4 x) 
2 2
3 
 yn  D n   cos(2 x)  Cos(4 x) 
2 
3
 D n  cos(2 x)  Cos(4 x) 
2
  D n  cos(2 x)   D n Cos(4 x) 
3
2
3     
  2n cos  2 x  n   4 n cos  4 x  n  
2  2  2 

(vii) e3x Sin(5x) cos(2x)

Jyothi Lakshmi S
y  e 3x Sin  5x  cos  2x 
 sin(7 x) +sin  3 x    Sin( A  B )  Sin( A  B ) 
 e 3x    SinA CosB  
 2   2 
1
 e 3x sin(7 x) +e 3x sin  3 x  
2
 yn 
1
2
 
D n e 3x sin(7 x)  +D n e 3x sin  3 x  

1 n
 7 n
 3 
  32  7 2  2 e 3x sin  7 x  n tan 1    32  32  2 e 3x sin  3 x  n tan 1  
2  3  3 

 1  1
2. Show that D n  2 2 
 (1) n n  2 n !sin  ( n  1)  sin n 1 ( )
x a  a
1
x  a2
2

Re solve it int o partial fraction,


1
x a
2 2

1
 x  ia  x  ia 
 i 2  1
1 A B A  x  ia   B  x  ia 
let   
 x  ia  x  ia  x  ia x  ia  x  ia  x  ia 
1  A  x  ia   B  x  ia             (1)
1
put x  ia in (1), 1  A.0  B.2ia  B 
2ia
1
put x  ia in (1), 1  A. 2ia  B.0  A 
2ia
1 1 1 1  1 1 
 2      
x a 2
2ia  x  ia  2ia  x  ia  2ia  x  ia x  ia 
1  1 1 
y    
2ia  x  ia x  ia 
1   1 n !  1 n ! 
n n
1  n 1  n  1 
 yn   D  D      
2ia   x  ia   x  ia   2ia   x  ia n 1  x  ia n 1 
 
 1n !  
n
1 1
   
2ia   x  ia n 1  x  ia n 1 
 
 1n !  
n
1 1
     by putting x  r cos ( ) and a  r sin( )
2ia   r cos   ir sin  n 1  r cos   ir sin  n 1 
 
 1n !  
n
1 1
   
2ia  r n 1  cos   i sin  n 1 r n 1  cos   i sin  n 1 
 

Jyothi Lakshmi S
 1 n !  
n
1 1
   
2iar n 1   cos   i sin  n 1  cos   i sin  n 1 

 1
n

 cos  i sin   
n!
  cos   i sin  
 ( n 1)  ( n 1)
 n 1
2iar
 1
n
n!

2iar n 1
cos((n  1) )  i sin((n  1) )  cos((n  1) )  i sin((n  1) ) 
  cos   i sin  
n
 cos n  i sin n 
 1
n

 cos(n  1)  i sin(n  1)  cos(n  1)  i sin(n  1) 


n!
 n 1
2iar
 cos( )  cos( ) and sin( )   sin( ) 
 1  1
n n
n! n!
 n 1
2i sin(n  1)  n 1
sin( n  1)
2i ar ar
 1
n
n!  a 
 sin(n  1)  a  r sin   r  
 a 
n 1
 sin  
a 
 sin  
 1
n
n!
 n2
sin(n  1) sin n 1 
a

If D n   1
3. 2 
 (1) n n !sin  ( n  1)  sin n 1 ( ) , find the nth derivatives of
1  x 
 2x 
(i) tan 1  2 
 1 x 
 2x 
y  tan 1  
1 x 
2

put x  tan  then   tan 1 ( x)


 2 tan    2 tan  
 y  tan 1    tan  tan  2    2  2 tan ( x)  tan(2 ) 
1 1

 1  tan    1  tan 2  
2

(ie) y  2 tan 1 ( x)
1
 y1  2 
1  x2
yn  D n 1  y1 
 1  n 1  1  n 1  1 
 D n 1  2    2D    2D  2 2 
 1 x  1 x  1  x 
2 2

 1
n 1
(n  1)!
2 n 1
sin n   sin  n   refer the previous problem 
1

 1 x 
(ii) tan 1  
 1 x 

Jyothi Lakshmi S
1 x 
y  tan 1  
1 x 
put x  tan  ,   tan 1 x
 1  tan  
y  tan 1  
 1  tan  

   
 tan  4   tan  
     
 tan 1    tan  4   1
       
 1  tan  4  tan  
   
    tan A  tan B 
 tan 1  tan       tan  A  B   
 4   1  tan A tan B 

 
4

  tan 1 x
4
1
 y1 
1  x2
yn  D n 1  y1 
 1  n 1  1 
 D n 1  D  2 2 
1 x  1  x 
2

 1 (n  1)! n
n 1

 sin   sin  n   similar to the previous question 


1
n 1

Jyothi Lakshmi S
 Leibnitz’s Theorem for the nth derivative of the product of two functions.

If U and V are two functions of x possessing the nth order derivatives, then,
D n UV   U n V  n C1U n 1V1  n C2U n 2V2  n C3U n 3V3      n CrU n  rVr      U Vn

Proof:
(This Theorem may be proved by Mathematical Induction Method)
D UV   U1V  UV1 by product rule
 U1V 1 C1UV1  1
C1  1
D 2 UV   D U1V  UV1   D U1V   D UV1 
 U 2V  U1V1  U1V1  UV2
 U 2V  2U1V1  UV2  U 2V  2 C1U1V1  UV2  2
C1  2

Thus the theorem is true for n=1 and n=2


Assume that the Theorem is true for n=m
D m UV   U m V  m C1U m1V1  m C2U m2V2  m C3U m3V3     
       m Cr 1U mr 1Vr 1  m CrU mrVr      U Vm      (1)

Differentiating (1) again,


 U m V  m C1U m 1V1  m C2U m  2V2  m C3U m 3V3      
D m 1 UV   D  
        m Cr 1U m  r 1Vr 1  m CrU m rVr      U Vm 

 D U m V   D  m C1U m 1V1   D  m C2U m  2V2   D  m C3U m 3V3      
       D  m Cr 1U m  r 1Vr 1   D  m CrU m  rVr       D U Vm 
 U m 1 V  U m V1   m C1 U mV1  U m 1V2   m C2 U m 1V2  U m  2V3   m C3 U m  2V3  U m 3V4     
   m Cr 1 U m  r  2Vr 1  U m  r 1Vr   m Cr U m  r 1Vr  U m rVr 1      U1 Vm  U Vm 1 
 U m 1 V  U m V1  m C1U mV1    m C1U m 1V2  m C2U m 1V2    m C2U m 2V3  m C3U m 2V3      
     m Cr 1U m  r 1Vr  m CrU m r 1Vr       U Vm 1
 U m 1 V  1  m C1 U m V1   m C1  m C2 U m 1V2   m C2  m C3 U m 2V3     
     m Cr 1  m Cr  U m  r 1Vr      U Vm 1
 U m 1 V   m C0  m C1 U m V1   m C1  m C2 U m 1V2   m C2  m C3 U m 2V3    
     m Cr 1  m Cr  U m  r 1Vr      U Vm 1  m
C0  1
 U m 1 V  m 1 C1U m V1  m 1 C2U m 1V2  m 1 C3U m  2V3     
    m 1 CrU m  r 1Vr      U Vm 1  m
Cr  m Cr 1  m 1 Cr 
 D m 1 UV   U m 1 V  m 1 C1U m V1  m 1 C2U m 1V2  m 1 C3U m 2V3     m 1 CrU m 1 rVr    U Vm 1

Jyothi Lakshmi S
Hence if the theorem is true for n= m, it is true for the next higher integer
n=m+1
We have already proved the theorem is true for n=2
Therefore the theorem is true for the next higher integer 2+1=3, and for
3+1=4, and so on for every positive integer.

nth Derivatives-2
(1) Find the nth derivatives of the following:
(i) x3e3x

y  x 3e3x
yn  D n e3x x 3  Take u  e and v  x 
3x 3

 D n  e3x  x 3  nC1 D n 1 e  3x  nC D  e  6 x  nC D  e  6


3x 2
2
n2 3x
3
n 3 3x

n(n  1) n  2 3x n(n  1)(n  2) n 3 3x


 3n e3x x 3  n3n 1 e3x 3 x 2  3 e 6x  3 e 6
1.2 1.2.3
 3n e3x x 3  n3n 1 e3x 3 x 2  n( n  1)3n  2 e3x 3 x  n( n  1)( n  2)3n 3 e3x
 3n 3 e3x  33 x3  n33 x 2  n(n  1)32 x  n(n  1)(n  2) 

(ii) 3x2sin(2x+3)

y=3x 2 sin  2x  3
yn  3D n  x 2 sin  2x  3   take u  sin  2x  3 and v  x  2

 3 D n sin(2 x  3)  x 2  nC1 D n 1 sin(2 x  3)  2 x  nC2 D n  2 sin(2 x  3)  2


     n(n  1) n  2   
 3 2n sin  2 x  3  n  x 2  n2n 1 sin  2 x  3  ( n  1)  2 x  2 sin  2 x  3  ( n  2)   2 
  2  2 2  2 
       
 3 2n sin  2 x  3  n  x 2  n2n 1 sin  2 x  3  ( n  1)  2 x  n( n  1)2 n  2 sin  2 x  3  ( n  2)  
  2  2  2 

2)

n!
If y = xnlog(x), prove that yn 1 
x

Jyothi Lakshmi S
y  x n log  x 
Differentiating w.r .t x,
1
y1  x n  log  x  n x n-1
x
x n  nlog  x  x n

x
 xy1  x  nlog  x  x n
n

 x n  ny      (1)  x n log  x   y 
 D n  xy1   D n  x n  ny 
 D n  y1  x  nC1 D n 1  y1  1  D n  x n   D n  ny 

 y1 n x  ny1 n 1  n ! n yn  Dn  xn   n! 
 xyn 1  nyn  n !  n yn
 xyn 1  n !
n!
 yn 1 
x
3) If y = a cos(log x) + b sin(log x), prove that, x2yn+2 + (2n+1)xyn+1+(n2+1)yn=0

Jyothi Lakshmi S
y  a cos  log x   b sin(log x)
Differentiating w.r .t . x,
1 1
y1   a sin(log x )  b cos(log x )
x x
 a sin(log x )  b cos(log x )

x
 xy1   a sin(log x )  b cos(log x )      (i )
Differentiating (i )w.r .t . x,
1 1
x y2  y1  a cos(log x)  b sin(log x)
x x
 a cos(log x)  b sin(log x)

x
 x  x y2  y1     a cos(log x )  b sin(log x) 
 y
 x y2  xy1  y  0
2

Finding the nth derivative,


D n  x 2 y2  xy1  y   0
 D n  x 2 y2   D n  xy1   D n  y   0
 D n  y2  x 2  nC1 D n 1  y2  2 x  nC2 D n  2  y2  2  D n  y1  x  nC1 D n 1  y1   D n  y   0
n(n  1)
 yn  2 x 2  nyn 1 2 x  yn 2  yn 1 x  nyn  yn  0
1.2
 x 2 yn  2  2nx yn 1  n(n  1) yn  x yn 1  nyn  yn  0
 x 2 yn  2   2n  1 x yn 1   n(n  1)  n  1 yn  0
 x 2 yn  2   2n  1 x yn 1   n 2  n  n  1 yn  0
 x 2 yn  2   2n  1 x yn 1   n 2  1 yn  0
1
(4) If y  ea sin x
, show that (1-x2)yn+2 – (2n+1)xyn+1 – (n2+a2)yn=0

Jyothi Lakshmi S
1
y  e a sin x

Differentiating w.r.t. x,
1 1
y1  e a sin x
a
1  x2
1
 y1 1  x 2  ae a sin x

a y
Squaring on both sides,
y12 1  x 2   a 2 y 2
Differentiating again w.r.t. x
y12  2 x  1  x 2  2 y1 y2  a 2 2 yy1

 2 y1 1  x 2  y2  xy1   2 a 2 y y 1
 y2 (1  x 2 )  xy1  a 2 y
Finding the nth derivatives ,
D n  y2 (1  x 2 )  xy1   D n  a 2 y 
 D n  y2 (1  x 2 )   D n  xy1   D n  a 2 y 
 D n  y2   (1  x 2 )  nC1 D n 1  y2   2 x  nC2 D n  2  y2   2  D n  y1  x  nC1 D n 1  y1   a 2 D n  y 
n(n  1)
 yn  2 (1  x 2 )  2nxyn 1  yn  2  yn 1 x  nyn  a 2 yn
1.2
 1  x 2  yn  2   2n  1 xyn 1   n(n  1)  n  a 2  yn  0
 1  x 2  yn  2   2n  1 xyn 1   n 2  n  n  a 2  yn  0
 1  x 2  yn  2   2n  1 xyn 1   n 2  a 2  yn  0

5) If y= sin (m sin-1x), prove that (1-x2) yn+2= (2n+1)xyn+1 + (n2 – m2)yn

Jyothi Lakshmi S
y  sin  m sin 1 x  ,
Differentiating w.r.t . x

y1  cos  m sin 1 x   m 
1
1  x2
 1  x 2 y1  m cos  m sin 1 x 
Differentiating agin w.r .t . x

  2 x   m 2 sin  m sin 1 x  
1 1
1  x 2 y2  y1
2 1  x2 1  x2
xy1  m 2 sin  m sin 1 x 
 1  x y2  2

1  x2 1  x2


1  x  y
2
2  xy1

m 2 sin  m sin 1 x 
1  x2 1  x2
 1  x 2  y2  xy1   m 2 sin  m sin 1 x 
 m2 y
1  x  y
2
2  xy1   m 2 y
Finding the nth derivative,
D n 1  x 2  y2  xy1    m 2 D n  y 

 D n 1  x 2  y2   D n  xy1    m 2 D n  y 

 D n  y2  1  x 2   nC1 D n 1  y2   2 x  nC2 D n  2  y2   2   D n  y1  x  nC1 D n 1  y1    m 2 D n  y 


n(n  1)
 yn  2 1  x 2   2nx yn 1  yn   2  yn 1 x  nyn   m 2 yn
1.2
 yn  2 1  x   2nx yn1  n(n  1) yn  yn1 x  nyn  m2 yn  0
2

 1  x 2  yn  2   2n  1 x yn 1   n(n  1)  n  m 2  yn  0

 1  x 2  yn  2   2n  1 x yn 1   n 2  n  n  m 2  yn  0
 1  x 2  yn  2   2n  1 x yn 1   n 2  m 2  yn  0
 1  x 2  yn  2   2n  1 x yn 1   n 2  m 2  yn

 
2
(6) If y  log x  1  x 2  , show that (1+x2)yn+2 + (2n+1) xyn+1 + n2yn =0


Jyothi Lakshmi S
 
2
y  log x  1  x 2 
 
Differentiating w.r .t . x,


y1  2 log x  1  x 2   1 
 1 
1
x  x2  1  2 x2  1

 2 x

 x2  1  x 

 2 log x  1  x 2   1

x  x 2  1 

x 2  1 


 2 log x  1  x 2   x 1 1
2

 x  1 y  2 log  x  1  x 
2
1
2

Squaring on both sides ,

 x 2  1 y12  4 log x  1  x 2  


2


  
2
 4y  y  log x  1  x 2  
   
Differentiating w.r .t . x
x 2
 1 2 y1 y2  y12  2 x  4 y1

 2 y1  x 2  1 y2  y1 x   4 y1

  x 2  1 y2  xy1  2
Finding the nth derivative,
D n  x 2  1 y2  xy1   0

 D n  x 2  1 y2   D n  xy1   0

 D n  y2   x 2  1  nC1 D n 1  y2   2 x  nC2 D n  2  y2   2  D n  y1  x  nC1D n  y1   0


n(n  1)
 yn  2  x 2  1  2nx yn 1  yn  2  xyn 1  nyn  0
1.2
  x 2  1 yn  2   2n  1 x yn 1   n(n  1)  n  yn  0
  x 2  1 yn  2   2n  1 x yn 1  n 2 yn  0

Jyothi Lakshmi S

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