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Overview of Iot: - Introduction To Iot - Enabling Technologies - Open Problems and Future Challenges - Applications

The document provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) including enabling technologies, applications, and future challenges. It defines IoT as connecting physical objects through wireless networks. Key technologies discussed include RFID, wireless standards, sensor networks, and middleware. The layered IoT architecture described includes objects, networking, middleware, and applications.

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Amna Ehtsham
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36 views

Overview of Iot: - Introduction To Iot - Enabling Technologies - Open Problems and Future Challenges - Applications

The document provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) including enabling technologies, applications, and future challenges. It defines IoT as connecting physical objects through wireless networks. Key technologies discussed include RFID, wireless standards, sensor networks, and middleware. The layered IoT architecture described includes objects, networking, middleware, and applications.

Uploaded by

Amna Ehtsham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overview of IoT

• Introduction to IoT
• Enabling technologies
• Open problems and future challenges
• Applications
What is IoT?

A phenomenon which connects a variety of things


– Everything that has the ability to communicate
Connection of Multiple Visions
IoT Definations
• The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of Objects,
refers to a wireless network between objects, usually the
network will be wireless and self-‐configuring, such as
household appliances.(Wikipedia)
• The term "Internet of Things" has come to describe a
number of technologies and research disciplines that enable
the Internet to reach out into the real world of physical
objects. (IoT 2008)
• “Things having identities and virtual personalities operating in
smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and
communicate within social, environmental, and user contexts”.
(IoT in 2020)
IoT Evolutions

• Starts with only network and evolves into everything that can
be connected with a network
Any-‐X Point of View

The Internet of Things allows people and things to be connected Anytime,


Anyplace, with Anything and Anyone, ideally using Any path/ network and
Any service.
Characteristics of IoT
1. Intelligence
– Knowledge extraction from the generated data
2. Architecture
– A hybrid architecture supporting many others
3. Complex system
– A diverse set of dynamically changing objects
4. Size considerations
– Scalability
5. Time considerations
– Billions of parallel and simultaneous events
6. Space considerations
– Localization
7. Everything-‐as-‐a-‐service
– Consuming resources as a service
IoT Layered Architecture
IoT Architecture

Source: digi.com
Architecture for Open IoT Services

Source: kno.e.sis
Networking and Communications

• RFID to smallest enabling technologies, such as chips,


etc.
• Mobile platforms, such as sensors, phones, etc.
RFIDs
• The reduction in terms of size, weight, energy consumption, and cost
of the radio takes us to a new era
– This allows us to integrate radios in almost all objects and thus, to
add the world ‘‘anything” to the above vision which leads to the IoT
concept
• Composed of one or more readers and tags
• RFID tag is a small microchip attached to an antenna
• Can be seen as one of the main, smallest components
of IoT, that collects data
Wireless Technologies
Telecommunication systems
– Initial/primary service: mobile voice telephony
– Large coverage per access point (100s of meters – 10s of kilometers)
– Low/moderate data rate (10s of kbit/s – 10s of Mbits/s)
– Examples: GSM, UMTS, LTE
• WLAN
– Initial service: Wireless Ethernet extension
– Moderate coverage per access point (10s – 100s meters)
– Moderate/high data rate (Mbits/s – 100s)
– Examples: IEEE 802.11(a-‐g), Wimax
Wireless Technologies
• Short range:
– Direct connection between devices – sensor networks
– Typical low power usage
– Examples: Bluetooth, Zigbee, Z-‐wave (house products)
• Other examples:
– Satellite systems
• Global coverage
• Applications: audio/TV broadcast, positioning, personal communications
– Broadcast systems
• Satellite/terrestrial
• Support for high speed mobiles
– Fixed wireless access
• Several technologies including DECT, WLAN, IEEE802.16, etc.
Sensor Networks (SNs)
Consist of a certain number (which can be very high) of sensing nodes
(generally wireless) communicating in a wireless multi-‐hop fashion.
Sensor Networks (SNs)
• SNs generally exist without IoT but IoT cannot exist without SNs
• SNs have been designed, developed, and used for specific application
purposes
• – Environmental monitoring, agriculture, medical care, event
detection etc.
• For IoT purposes, SNs need to have a middleware addressing these
issues:
• – Abstraction support, data fusion, resource constraints, dynamic
topology, application knowledge, programming paradigm,
adaptability, scalability, security, and QoS support
Example: Indoor Localization
• An indoor positioning system (IPS) is a solution to locate objects or
people inside a building using radio waves, magnetic fields, acoustic
signals, or other sensory information collected by mobile devices.
• For indoor localization:
• – Any wireless technology can be used for locating
• – GPS, WiFi, Bluetooth, RFID, Ultrawide band, Infrared, Visible light
communication, Ultrasound
Middleware
• Middleware is a software layer that stands between the networked
operating system and the application and provides well known
reusable solutions to frequently encountered problems like
heterogeneity, interoperability, security, dependability [Issarny, 2008]
• IoT requires stable and scalable middleware solutions to process the
data coming from the networking layers
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
• Middleware solution for IoT
usually follow SOA
approaches
• Allows SW/HW reuse
– Doesn’t impose specific
technology
• A layered system model
addressing previous issues
– Abstraction, common services,
composition

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