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Thermodynamics: Topic

This document discusses the laws of thermodynamics: 1) The zeroth law states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This establishes the basis for temperature measurement. 2) The first law, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or changed from one form to another. 3) The second law states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. 4) The third law relates to the entropy of a system approaching a constant value as temperature approaches absolute zero.

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80 views

Thermodynamics: Topic

This document discusses the laws of thermodynamics: 1) The zeroth law states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other. This establishes the basis for temperature measurement. 2) The first law, also known as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or changed from one form to another. 3) The second law states that the entropy of any isolated system always increases. 4) The third law relates to the entropy of a system approaching a constant value as temperature approaches absolute zero.

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Marco Plays
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tishk International University

Engineering Faculty
Petroleum and Mining/Mechatronics Department
Thermodynamics
TOPIC:Thermodynamics Laws
(Zeroth, first and second Laws)
Week3_Lecture1

2nd Grade- Fall Semester 2020-2021


Instructor: N. S. Sivakumar
Objective
In this lecture, deals with the various
thermodynamic Law as shown below.
1. Zeroth Law
2. First Law
3. Second Law
4. Third Law

2
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
• Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
– States that when two bodies have equality of
temperature with a third body, they in turn have
equality of temperature with each other.
• Why is it the Zeroth Law?
– While this principle seems obvious, it is not derivable
from other laws, and because it precedes the First and
Second laws of thermodynamics in the logical
presentation of fundamentals, it has come to be
known as the Zeroth Law!
– This is the basis for measurement of temperature.

3
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
STATEMENT :
If two bodies are in Thermal Equilibrium with the third body, then they are also in Thermal
Equilibrium with each other.

A B
C

25 ºC 25 ºC 25 ºC

This statement seems to be very simple.


However, this can not be directly concluded from the other Laws of Thermodynamics.
It serves as the basis of validity of TEMPERATURE measurement.
Thermodynamics TIU
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

By replacing the Third Body with a Thermometer; the Zeroth Law can be stated as :
Two bodies are in Thermal Equilibrium, if both have same TEMPERATURE, regarding even
if they are not in contact with each other.

A B
25 ºC

25 ºC 25 ºC

i.e. Temp (A) measured by Thermometer and is known.


(A) is in Thermal Equilibrium with (B).
Then, Temp (B) is also known, even not in contact with Thermometer.
Thermodynamics TIU
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

- Formulated and labeled by R.H. Fowler in 1931.

- However, its significance is realised after half a century after

formation of First and

Second Laws of Thermodynamics.

- Hence named as Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics.


Thermodynamics TIU
First Law of Thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics, also known
as Law of Conservation of Energy, states
that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; energy can only be
transferred or changed from one form to
another.
For example, turning on a light would seem
to produce energy; however, it is
electrical energy that is converted.
First Law of Thermodynamics

STATEMENT :
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
during a process; but can be only converted
from one form to another.

m = 2 kg PE = 10 kJ
KE = 0
m g Δz = ½ m ( v12 - v22 )

Δz
PE = 7 kJ
KE = 3 kJ

Thermodynamics TIU
,

First Law of Thermodynamics


Net change ( increase / decrease ) in the total Energy of the
System during a Process
= Difference between Total Energy entering and Total Energy
leaving the System during that Process.

Total Energy _ Total Energy = Change in Total Energy


entering the System leaving the System of the System

( EIN ) ( EOUT ) ( ΔE )

ΔU = Q – W
ΔU= Internal energy
Q= Heat energy
Thermodynamics W= Work TIU
Second Law thermodynamics

• The second law has been expressed in many


ways as follows.
• Kelvin Plank Statement
• Clausius Statement
Summary
• In simple terms, thermodynamics deals with the transfer of energy from
one form to another.
→ The laws of thermodynamics are:
• First law of thermodynamics: Energy can neither be created nor be
destroyed, it can only be transferred from one form to another.
• Second law of thermodynamics: The entropy of any isolated system
always increases.
• Third law of thermodynamics: The entropy of a system approaches a
constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics: If two thermodynamic systems are in
thermal equilibrium with a third system separately are in thermal
equilibrium with each other.
• → Entropy is the measure of the number of possible arrangements the
atoms in a system can have.
→ Enthalpy is the measurement of energy in a thermodynamic system.
Thank You !

Thermodynamics TIU

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