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Gasifier Catalog2x

Biomass is organic material that stores solar energy from photosynthesis. Biomass gasification converts solid biomass into a combustible gas called producer gas through partial combustion with limited oxygen. This gas can be used to power engines or generators to produce electricity, or in thermal applications that require heat such as drying, kilns, furnaces, and boilers. Gasification provides a cheaper and more environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels for power and thermal energy needs.

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55 views

Gasifier Catalog2x

Biomass is organic material that stores solar energy from photosynthesis. Biomass gasification converts solid biomass into a combustible gas called producer gas through partial combustion with limited oxygen. This gas can be used to power engines or generators to produce electricity, or in thermal applications that require heat such as drying, kilns, furnaces, and boilers. Gasification provides a cheaper and more environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels for power and thermal energy needs.

Uploaded by

Adhavan Thamizhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Biomass?

Biomass is organic material, which has stored solar energy from sunlight in the form of
chemical in green vegetations through the process called photosynthesis.  Biomass fuels
include Agricultural Wastes, Crop Residues, Wood & Woody Wastes Organic Wastes etc.
Unless like fossil fuels Biomass does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as it absorbs the
same amount of carbon in growing as it releases when consumed as a fuel. It is the cheapest,
eco-friendly, renewable source of energy.

What is Biomass Gasification?


Biomass Gasification converts solid biomass into more convenient gaseous form.
Theoretically, the ratio of air-to-fuel required for the complete combustion of the biomass,
defined as stoichiometric combustion is 6:1 to 6.5:1, with the end products being CO 2 and
H2O. In gasification the combustion is carried at sub-stoichiometric conditions with air-to-fuel
ratio being 1.5:1 to 1.8:1. The gas so obtained is called producer gas, which is combustible
having a calorific value of 4.5-5.0 MJ/kg, with an average composition of CO : 20 + 1%; CH4 :
3 + 1%, H2 : 20 + 1%, CO2 : 12 + 1% and rest, N2. This process is made possible in a device
called gasifier, in a limited supply of air. A gasifier system basically comprises of a reactor,
where the gas is generated, and is followed by a cooling and cleaning system. The clean
combustible gas is thus available for power generation application.

Power Generation Application:


Using producer gas, it is possible to operate a diesel engine on Dual Fuel Mode with marginal changes to the
air inlet or a 100% Producer Gas Engine. In dual fuel mode, diesel substitution of the order of 80 to 85% can
be obtained at nominal loads. The recent developments have made possible the operations of Spark ignited gas
engine using producer gas alone. The mechanical energy thus derived can be used either for energizing a
water pump set for irrigational purpose or by coupling with an alternator for electrical power generation, either
for local consumption or for grid synchronization.

Thermal Application:
Like any other gaseous fuel, producer gas has the advantage of better and finer power control, more efficient
and environment friendly when compared to that of solid fuels. Burning of 1 m 3 of Producer gas in the burner
will release thermal energy of the order of 4.5 to 5.0 MJ. Flame temperatures as high as 1200 0C can be
obtained by optimal pre-mixing of air with producer gas. For processes, which require thermal energy,
gasifiers can be a good option as a gas generator, and retrofitted with existing devices. Few of the applications
where retrofit is possible are:

Dryers: Drying is the most essential process in industry like tea, rubber, cardamom etc. It requires hot gases
in the range of 120 - 130 0C. Gasifier could be an ideal solution for the above situation, where hot gas after
combustion can be diluted with the required quantity of secondary air, so as to lower its temperature to the
desired level for operation.

Kilns: Baking of tiles, potteries require temperature range of 800 - 950 0C. In conventional practices they
burn large quantities of wood in an inefficient manner. Gasifier could be suitable for such applications, which
provides a better control of temperature with smokeless operation thereby enhancing the product quality.

Kongampattu-605 105, Villupuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, India


 (0413)2699484-5, 2699546, Fax: (0413)2699547
Furnaces: In non-ferrous metallurgical and foundry industries high temperatures (~650 - 1000 0C) are
required for melting metals and alloys. Expensive fuel oils or electrical heaters generally meet this. Gasifiers
are well suited for such applications.

Boilers: Gasifiers are well suited for any process industries, which requires steam / hot water.

Apart from these, energy requirements in mass cooking, poultry farms, cold storage devices (vapor
compression refrigerator), rubber industry and so on could be met using biomass gasifiers.

Economical Benefits:
Sl.No. Application Description Benefit
1. 100% Producer gas Approximately 1 Kg of wood will It is much cheaper than EB’s
based power produce 1 unit of electricity, which costs tariff of around Rs. 4.75/- per
generation Rs. 1/- and the operation & maintenance unit and cost of production
will cost around Rs. 0.5/-. Totally it cost in DG set of around Rs. 6/-
around Rs. 1.5/- per Kwhr(unit) per unit
2. Duel Fuel mode power One unit of electricity is produced using It is much cheaper than EB’s
generation 0.9 Kg of wood + 50 ml of diesel. Totally tariff of around Rs. 4.75/- per
it cost around Rs.2.5/- per Kwhr(unit) unit and cost of production
in DG set of around Rs. 6/-
per unit
3. Thermal application Approximately 3.5 Kgs of biomass can Cost saving of around Rs.
replace 1 litter of HFO/Diesel in thermal 9.5/- & Rs. 20.5/-
energy. Approximately Biomass @ Rs. respectively in replacement
3.5/- can replace HFO @ Rs. 13/- and of HFO & Diesel excluding
Diesel @ 24/- O&M cost.

Other Benefits:
 Conservation of depleting fossil fuel
 Conservation of Environment from Global warming & Pollution
 Encourage energy plantation thus resulting in a green environment
 Improvement of nations energy security using locally available fuels
 Provides a sustainable, affordable and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuel

Kongampattu-605 105, Villupuram Dt., Tamil Nadu, India


 (0413)2699484-5, 2699546, Fax: (0413)2699547

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