0% found this document useful (0 votes)
78 views

Binomial Theorem and Its Applications: Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh

The document discusses the binomial theorem and its applications. It defines the binomial theorem and multinomial theorem, provides examples of their use, and lists some important identities related to binomial coefficients. Applications of the theorems include finding specific terms in expansions of binomials and multinomials.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
78 views

Binomial Theorem and Its Applications: Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh

The document discusses the binomial theorem and its applications. It defines the binomial theorem and multinomial theorem, provides examples of their use, and lists some important identities related to binomial coefficients. Applications of the theorems include finding specific terms in expansions of binomials and multinomials.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Binomial Theorem and its Applications

Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh


Department of Mathematics
October 12, 2020
BT

Outline

Binomial Theorem
Multinomial Theorem
Some Identities
Applications

Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh Binomial Theorem and its Applications


BT

Binomial Multinomial Theorem


A monomial in elementary algebra is usually taken to the
product of a constant and a finite number of variables.
A multinomial(polynomial) is the sum of a finite number of
monomials.
Theorem
The Satndard Binomial Theorem Let n be any non-negative
integer. Then
n  
n
X n k
(1 + x) = x .
k
k=0

Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh Binomial Theorem and its Applications


BT

Binomial Theorem
There are n+2−1 = n + 1 terms in the expansion of (1 + x)n .

2−1
Now we are interested in the expansion of
(x1 + x2 + · · · + xk )n .

Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh Binomial Theorem and its Applications


BT

Multinomial Theorem
Theorem
Let n be any non-negative integer. Then
 
X n
n
(x1 +x2 +· · ·+xk ) = x1n1 x2n2 . . . xknk .
n +n +···+n =n
n1 , n2 , . . . , nk
1 2 k

Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh Binomial Theorem and its Applications


BT

Note
If n = 2 then the multinomial theorem becomes a binominal
theorem:

X  n  n n Xn
n
(x1 + x2 ) = 1 2
x1 x2 = x1k .x2n−k .
n1 , n2
n+1+n2 k=0
n
Pn n k n−k

It is often written as (x + y ) = k=0 k x y .
n+k−1

There are k−1 terms in the expansion of
(x1 + x2 + · · · + xk )n
.

Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh Binomial Theorem and its Applications


BT

Illustrations
Pn n
2k .

Find the value of k=0 k

Pn n
rk.

Find the value of k=0 k

Pn k n 3n−k .

Find the value of k=0 (−1) k

Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh Binomial Theorem and its Applications


BT

Some Important Identities


n n n n
= 2n .
   
0 + 1 + 3 + ··· + n

n n−1 n−1
  
k = k−1 + k . Pascal’s Identity.

n
= k n.
P 
For any n, k ∈ N , n1 +n2 +···+nk =n n1 ,n2 ,...,nk

n n−1
 
k k =n k−1 .

n n−3 n−1 n−2 n−3


    
k − k = k−1 + k−1 + k−1 .

n n n n
   
k +3 k−1 +3 k−2 + k−3 .
Pn m1
 m2
 m1 +m2

k=0 k n−k = n .

Dr. Tarkeshwar Singh Binomial Theorem and its Applications

You might also like