Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Inspection Methods
and Interpretation of
the Results

John Lange
Product Manager
Gleason Pfauter Hurth

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

You typically think about Gear Metrology as inspecting the gear but of course before we
get to that stage we need a “good blank and fixture”. How Good? I think of bore to
clamping face(s) perpendicularity of less than .012 mm / .0005” and radial runout of a
similar tolerance. To confirm the fixture accuracy you need a test part. A master blank!

Radial Runout

Perpendicularity

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 Cylindrical Gear Inspection

AGMA 2000 A88 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7

AGMA “A” 2015 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

DIN 3962 and ISO

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Rule of 17: AGMA Old/New Standards and DIN

The Rule of 17 Can be Uses as a Rough Guide Comparison:

 AGMA Standard Class 2000 A 88 + DIN Class = 17

 AGMA New Standard Class 2000 A 88 + AGMA New

Standard Class 2015 = 17

 From ANSI/AGMA 2015-1-A01 – Annex B

• “A general comparison between the new system and AGMA 2000-A88
systems may be made by subtracting the class or grade number of one
system from 17 to find an approximate class or grade number for the
other system.”

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Tooth Thickness
 Size over Pins or Balls

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Inspection Parameters

Tooth Thickness
 Size over Pins or Balls

- Measurements at ninety
degrees and then averaged for
single thread hobs, I.e.
removing runout from the
measurement

- If multiple thread hob used

then adjacent teeth measured
depending on the number of
threads and then averaged,
removing the thread to thread
error from the measurement

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

External Spline Gage

With Master Setting Ring
For Size

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Internal Spline Gage With Master Setting Ring For Size

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 Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Tooth Thickness
 Span Measurement
 There are conversions charts
for converting to span from a pin
dimension and vice versa

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Example of Spline Gages, Go and No Go

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

ANSI B92.1-1970

Class 5 is the base line

for the chart, i.e. 100%
of values

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

According to ANSI B92.1 1996

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

.0005”
.0007”

Pitch Dia.

_
+

Zero Line

Example of a spline tolerance band

Tolerance for this ANSI class 5 spline was
plus .0005” minus .0007”

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Spline Profile Variation

According to ANSI B92.1 1996

The reference profile, from which variations occur, passes through the point which
is used to determine the actual space width or tooth thickness. This is either the
pitch point or the contact point of the standard measuring pins.
Profile variation is positive in the direction of the space and negative in the
direction of the tooth. Profile variations may occur at any point on the profile.

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Involute Splines Fit Examples

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 Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Tooth Size Measurement – DOP Systems

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Functional Inspection

•Dimension Over Pins Gauge

• Universal Gauge
• OD 6 Inch
• Economical
Alternative

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Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Inspection Parameters

Runout
 Pin/Ball in Tooth Slot
 First slot set indicator to Zero
 Pull ball back and index one
tooth and recording reading
and so on until back to the tooth one
and indicator should read Zero

Is this a typical inspection process?

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Functional Gaging

Gear
Inspection

Functional Gaging Analytical Testing

(Attribute Inspection) (Variable Inspection)

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 Functional Gaging

Inspection Parameters

Roll Test
 No Money for Equipment

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 Functional Gaging

Inspection Parameters
Runout
 Double Flank composite error with Master Gear
 Note ease of mounting parts using stepped diameter arbors

Master
Gear

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Functional Gaging

Basic Operating Principle

Of A Double Flank Composite
Testing Unit
Master
Gear Test
Gear

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Functional Gaging

Double Flank Composite

Tooth to Tooth

Runout Total

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 Functional Gaging

Single Flank Testing

Single Flank Contact with a Master Gear
 SFT (Single Flank Testing)
Transmission Error Measuring
 SBN (Structure Bourne Noise)
 Roll Testing

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Functional Gaging

Single Flank Roll Testing

Transmission Error :
The test part is rolled
with a master at a set
center distance and with
back- lash. Their index
ratio is established by
the number of teeth in the
test part and master. The
rotary encoders pulses
are evaluated relative to a
perfect indexing set of
gears. This includes each
tooth mesh (tooth to tooth)
and of course one
complete revolution of the
test part (total transmission
error).

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Functional Gaging

Single flanks
results look very
similar to double
flank but differ
considerably in
there evaluation.
Normally this type of
evaluation is use to
establish a noise
thresh hold value.

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 Functional Gaging

OR looking to the center of the gear when holding

the gear in your hand Right Left

What is the right and left flank

of the tooth?

External and Internal Gears

Left Flank Right Flank

Reference Position Is From

The Inside of The Part
Looking Out To The Major
Diameter

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 Functional Gaging
OR looking to the center of
the gear when holding the
gear in your hand
RF LF
What is the right and left flank
of the tooth?

Left Flank Right Flank

Reference Position Is From
The Inside of The Part
LF RF
Looking Out To The Major
Diameter

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Analytical Testing

Gear
Inspection

Functional Gaging Analytical Testing

(Attribute Inspection) (Variable Inspection)

We will now follow the

analytical gear inspection path

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Analytical Testing

Elemental Inspection
Parameters

 Lead

 Involute or Profile

 Lead and involute are

typically measured on four
teeth 90 deg apart
Involute at mid
facewidth and lead
 - Pitch at the pitch
diameter

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Analytical Testing

Quality Check

Typical Gear Inspection Chart

For Involute/Profile and Tooth
Alignment/Lead

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Analytical Testing

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Analytical Testing

Analytical Gear
Inspection Machine

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 Analytical Testing

Reinashaw Probe With Sapphire Tip

A probe needs to be calibrated which means it touches a sphere or block to verify its X and
Y axis position and then adjusts it so that the probe is tangent to the base circle diameter
when measuring the involute of a specific part

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Analytical Testing

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Typical Involute
and Lead Chart

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

+ Material - Material

Involute K
Charts: “0”

The Right And

Wrong Way!

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

And More Examples

Note that the “Vee” style

might apply before a part
that is heat treated since
the involute tip typically
move to a minus condition
so you make a slight plus
error to compensate. This
is of course made by the
tool, hob, shave cutter,
grinding wheel etc.

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

40 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Elements of an Inspection Chart

“Best Fit Methods” How

does the gear inspection
machine’s software fit the
inspection chart into the
K chart?

The most plus material / error

position

Or moving the chart to a

special position on the
“Knee” of the K chart, for
example the pitch diameter

“O”

Plus error
Minus error

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Zero
minus plus
Zero Line

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

DIN / ISO / AGMA 2015 - A

Lead & Profile fH

Lead

Evaluation Range
fHß = Angle Error

Full Tooth Profile

f fß = Form Error

Face Width
Fß = Total Error

or
ff
Profile
fh = Angle Error
ff  = Form Error
F = Total Error F

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Involute and Lead Analytical Evaluation ISO, DIN and AGMA "A"

Involute F Alpha
A Perfect Lead F Beta
Involute Or Involute ff Alpha
Lead Is a Lead ff Beta
Straight Line On Involute fh Alpha
Lead fh Beta
A Cartesian Plot

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

45 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Elements of an Inspection Chart

There are three methods to

define the position of the
SAP
- A diameter position
- A roll angle position (A
USA preference)
- Generating path length as
typically done in Europe

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

47 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Elements of an Inspection Chart

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

The Following
Sun Gear
Items Are
Considered

-Tooth Number
-Slope
-Hollow
-Crown
-Average Slope
-Tolerance
-Average Crown
-Maximum Hollow
-Max. Slope Variation
-Tolerance
* Indicates Out Of
Tolerance

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

The physical distance the

base circle would roll on
the circumference of the
base circle along a sine
bar (straight edge) is the
generating path length.
The chart length for the
gear and pinion are the
same length. With the roll
angle system the chart
length between the gear
and pinion are of a
different length.

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Profile Positions
Marked Along The
Generating Path
Length

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Elemental Inspection
Parameters

- Lead

- Involute or Profile

- Pitch

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Quality Check

Lead & Profile

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

54 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Lead is not an angular degree value but a linear dimension in mm or inch Placing your finger
on a tooth (red) and
tracing it along the
shaft until you come
to the same tooth but
360 degrees around
the shaft is the lead
180 mm amount. On this part
it is 180 mm 7.18”
What do you think is
the helix angle on the
Pi x Pitch Diameter
shaft and then on the
Lead = ------------------------------- pinion?
Tan ( Helix Angle )

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Helix Angle Error Tooth Alignment Inspection (Lead Check)

Example
One Flank Is Plus
Material and The
Other Is Minus
Material Fb Total Error

If Pure Lead Error

The Size Over Pins Minus Slope
Error
Does Not Change Plus Material
When Moving Along 10%
The Facewidth Of
The Part
Minus Material Evaluation
Normal Range

10%

Left Flank Right Flank Left Flank Viewed From

The Outside Of The Gear

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Tooth Alignment Inspection (Lead Check)

Tooth Taper (root

taper) Error
Example Fb Total Error

Both Flanks Are

A Minus Material Minus Slope
Error
Condition!
10%
Size Over Pins
Changes As You
Move Along The Evaluation
Range
Length Of The
Facewidth
10%

Taper
Left Flank Right Flank Left Flank Viewed From
The Outside Of The Gear

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Tooth Alignment Inspection (Lead Check): To Evaluate For

Helix Angle Error and Root Taper!

Example of a Helix Angle Error Caused On a Gear Shaping Machine By The Tailstock
Being Misaligned Tangentially, (Note: the arrows are depicting the tailstock leaning to
or away from the viewer, not a radial displacement from the cutter spindle to the
workpiece!

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Tooth Alignment Inspection (Lead Check): To Evaluate For Helix Angle

Error and Root Taper!

Example of Root Taper Caused On a Gear Shaping Machine By The Tailstock Arm Being Out Of
Alignment Radially, Leaning To or Away From The Workpiece

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Tooth Alignment Inspection (Lead Check): To Direction of Machine’s Column

Evaluate For Helix Angle Error and Root Taper!

Example of Helix Angle Error Caused on a Gear Shaping Machine By The Cutter
Spindle Being Misaligned Tangentially (Note, the arrows are depicting the cutter
spindle leaning to the right or left from the viewers point of reference, not a radial
displacement from the cutter spindle to the part!

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Tooth Alignment Inspection (Lead Check): To

Evaluate For Helix Angle Error and Root
Taper! Direction of Machine’s Column

Example of Root Taper Caused On a Gear Shaping Machine By The Cutter Spindle
Being Out Of Alignment Radially (Tilting) To Or Away From The Workpiece

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Lead Variation From Inspection

Machine Mis-mount!

- The measuring probe is

suppose to follow the pitch
diameter when moving along
the facewidth during the lead
check
- However, if the part is
mounted with face wobble on
the gear inspection fixture the
probe will move off the pitch
diameter as it moves along the
facewidth. This is especially an
issue for helical gears since
the gear

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Note lead
variation is .0009”
vs. an average of
.0002”

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Example Of Gear Tooth Pitting

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Lead and Profile Corrections

- Tip Relief
- Created by the shaper cutter
- All involute corrections are
cutter generated Both Ends Relieved
Lead Correction

- Lead Corrections
- A special back-off cam is required Symmetrical Crown
for crown type corrections
Tapered Tooth, Normally a
- Root tapers are created by Root Taper Meaning a Root
changing the perpendicularity of Diameter Change From One
Sort of Abnormal
End To The Other End
the cutter spindle up to +/- 30 End Relief
minutes or if larger is required
then a tilt column is used.

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Slope Error Amount

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Part Print Defining A Crown Amount and Tolerance

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

Sun Gear
Additional Items

-Taper
- Tolerance
-Mean Lead

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Pinion - Lead
Note The Slope
Errors Are Negative
For Both Flanks But
The Left Flank Is
Plus Material!

Why?

Lead is used for

determining the
sign of the Slope
Error!

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Sun Gear
Note The Variation
In The Protuberance
Amount!

This example
illustrates why it is
important to start
the involute
measurement a
considerable
distance below the
SAP or TIF or Form
Diameter.

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart

Auto Motive Stator Shaft Cut With A

4 Thread Hob: Note The Number Of
Starts Is Not Divisible Into The Number Of
Teeth In The Gear So The Thread To
Thread Error Shows Up In The Lead Chart
With Variation In The Heights
Of The Scallops
Gear/Spline Data
- 1.27 Module
- 27 Teeth
- 30 Deg. PA
- 25.4 mm Spline Length
- Cycle Time .35 min.
Note: Feed Scallops Are Irregular
And At A Depth of Approximately .022
mm

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 Elements of an Inspection Chart
Spline Shaft – Carbide Hob

Stator Shaft Cut With

A Single Thread
Carbide Hob At A
Reduced Axial Feed
Rate But In A Cycle
Time Of .35 min.!
Scallop Depth .005
mm and Consistent!

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Elements of an Inspection Chart

What Can You Determine

From The Lead Chart
Relative To The Hobbing
Process?

74 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Elements of Inspection

75 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Elements of Inspection

Styli Design Can

Have A Major Influence
On The Surface Texture
You See In Your Charts
And Form Error Results

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 Elements of Inspection

Quality Check – Pitch

A Large Diameter Styli May Reduce The Affect Of Surface
Pitch Check Finish Irregularities

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Elements of Inspection

Lead Variation From Inspection

Machine Mis-mount!

- The measuring probe is

suppose to follow the pitch
diameter when moving along
the facewidth during the lead
check
- However, if the part is
mounted with face wobble on
the gear inspection fixture the
probe will move off the pitch
diameter as it moves along the
facewidth. This is especially an
issue for helical gears since
the gear

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Elements of Inspection

Elemental Inspection
Parameters

- Pitch

Inspecting at the
pitch diameter and
mid face of the gear
tooth

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 Elements of Inspection

“True” Index Measuring Method

To Determine Pitch and Runout Errors

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Elements of Inspection

fp fu Fp fp fu Fp Fr
Quality Check -
Pitch

 fp - Adjacent Pitch Deviation Single Pitch Deviation

fp

 fu - Adjacent Pitch Difference

 not an ISO Standard
 not an AGMA Standard
Cumulative Pitch Deviation
Fp
 Fp - Total Accumulated Pitch

 Fr - Runout
Runout
Fr

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Elements of Inspection

82 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Elements of Inspection

Pitch Evaluation

Pitch Variation

Error Amount, Plus Because A Longer Distance

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Elements of Inspection

fu

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Elements of Inspection

fp fu Fp fp fu Fp Fr

Quality Check - Pitch

 fp - Adjacent Pitch Deviation Single Pitch Deviation

fp

 fu - Adjacent Pitch Difference

 DIN 3962
 not in an ISO Standard
 not in an AGMA Standard
Cumulative Pitch Deviation
Fp
 Fp - Total Accumulated Pitch

 Fr - Runout
Runout
Fr

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Elements of Inspection

Elemental Inspection
Parameters

- Pitch

Inspecting at the pitch

diameter and mid face
How does surface finish
and irregularities affects
the results?

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 Elements of Inspection

Thread To Thread Error In The Lead Scallop Depth

Stator Shaft Cut With A 4 Thread Hob:

(Note The Number Of Starts Is Not Divisible
Into The Number Of Teeth In The Gear So
Thread To Thread Error Shows Up In The
Variation of Flank Scallop Height)
Gear/Spline Data
- 1.27 Module
- 27 Teeth
.005 mm
- 30 Deg. PA
- 25.4 mm Spline Length
- Cycle Time .35 min.
Note: Feed Scallops Are At D
Varying Depths of, A .025, B .040, C C
B
.032 and D .020 mm A

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 Elements of Inspection

Pitch Error Should Not Be A Surprise

Pitch Error Should Not

Be A Surprised

Caused by thread to
thread error and a non-
divisible relationship!

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Elements of Inspection

How is runout calculated from a pitch

measurement process?

Manual Or Automated Method For

Radial Runout Calculation

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Elements of Inspection

Elemental Inspection
Parameters

- Lead

- Involute or Profile

- Lead and involute are

typically measured on four
teeth 90 deg apart Involute at mid
facewidth and lead
- Pitch at the pitch
diameter

What about the rest of the

tooth’s quality??

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Elements of Inspection

TOPO Or Better Known

As Bias Error If Not
Intentional
Or Bias Correction
If Intentional

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 Elements of Inspection

Potential Areas On
The Tooth Surface
For Bias Error,
Typically Produced
When Making a Lead
Correction, i.e. Crown
On a Helical Gear
Spur Gears Do Not Exhibit
Bias Error When Lead Crown Corrected!
Pinions Are More “Sensitive” To “The Twisted
Tooth Error ”

Plus Or Minus
Error/Material
Normal Tooth Geometry

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 Elements of Inspection

Lead and Profile Corrections

- Tip Relief
- Created by the Hob or Shaper cutter Both Ends Relieved
Lead Correction
- All involute corrections are
cutter generated

- Lead Corrections Symmetrical Crown

Tapered Tooth, Normally a

- A lead crown is typically created Root Taper Meaning a Root
by a radial displacement of the Diameter Change From One
Sort of Abnormal
cutting tools as it moves along the End To The Other End
End Relief
facewidth of the gear being cut.
Bias Error is the result of shifting the tool’s
geometry to a radial position in which the
cutting or abrasive flank at the radial position
produces an involute error

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Elements of Inspection

Traditional Path of Hob, Threaded Wheel Grinding

and Form Grinding Tools When Creating A Lead Crown
(Note the OD of the gear is not normally cut so the drawing is a bit deceiving)
This Method Of Crowning Will Create Bias Error If A Helical Gear

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Gear Inspection with Bias Error

top position middle position bottom position

95 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection with Bias Compensation

top position middle position bottom position

96 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection with Bias

Inspection Charts With

Involute Bias Evaluation
Charts 1c and 1a In The Lower
Section

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Gear Inspection Lead Chart

Inspection Charts Standard

Format For Lead and Pitch

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Gear Inspection Lead Chart

What Can You Determine

From The Lead Chart
Relative To The Hobbing
Process?

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Gear Inspection Lead Chart

What Is Wrong With The

Lead In This Chart?

100 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Lead Chart

What Is Wrong
With This Chart/Part?

101 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Lead Chart

Nothing That Correct

Mounting On The
Inspection Machine
Wouldn’t Solve!

102 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Feed Scallops

Hob Machine Setting Angle Hobbing setting angle

Helical Gears with for helical gears
same hand of hob. produced with the
same hand of hob.
Setting Angle = gear
helix angle minus hob
lead angle.

Setting Angle

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Gear Inspection Feed Scallops

Involute Error As
The Result Of Axial
Feed Scallops

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Gear Inspection Feed Scallops

Inspections Made On
The Top or Bottom Land
Of The Feed Scallop
Will Eliminate The Involute
Form Error Caused By
The Axial Feed Scallop

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Gear Inspection Feed Scallops

What Is Wrong With

The Right Flank
Involute?

106 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Feed Scallops

The Error Was

Caused By Being
To Close To The
End Of The Hob

107 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection

Reasonable Quality and

Consistency
Before Heat Treating

108 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

 -

Consistency Remains But

Involutes Most Likely To
Negative From Approximate
Pitch Diameter Out To The
O.D.

109 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Surface Finish

Surface Finish/Texture

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 Gear Inspection Surface Finish

Surface Finish Ra

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Gear Inspection Surface Finish

Ra = Arithmetic Average Roughness Height In One Cutoff

 Formally AA (Arithmetic Average) and
CLA (Centre Line Average)

Rq = RMS Average Roughness Height In One Cutoff

 RMS was evaluated as 1.11 x Ra on early equipment
 Many Waveforms are not Sinusoidal, therefore
RMS = 1.11 x Ra does not apply

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Gear Inspection Surface Finish

Rz = Average Height Difference Between the 5 Highest Peaks and 5

Lowest Valleys
 ISO 10 Point Height Parameter

Ry = Maximum Roughness Height In One Cutoff

 The Highest Peak to the Lowest Valley

RT = Maximum Roughness Height In 5 Cutoffs

 The Highest Peak to the Lowest Valley

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 Gear Inspection Surface Finish

Surface Roughness Testing with GMS Models

• Surface Roughness probes can be
preconfigured to be uses the APC
(automatic probe change) system .
• Probe must be preset manually to
be normal the gears helix angle.
• Currently implemented to Parallel
Axis gears only, Sprial Bevel Gears
are in development.
• Module limitation is current 3
module. Working to design to less
than 1.5mm module with our styli
suppliers

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Gear Inspection Surface Finish

Surface Roughness Testing with GMS Models

• Integrating surface roughness

measurement into the machine utilizes
commercially available styli
components.
• Allows for measurement in the
lead and profile directions of the tooth.
• Typical is to measure the drive side
flank only.
• Styli available in 2, 5, 10 um radii
• Styli is held normal to the tooth surface
due to the natural generative motion of
the machine.

115 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Surface Finish

Surface Roughness Testing

This rotary knuckle allows for the stylus to be
positioned “normal to the gear tooth surface For
the surface roughness data gathering.
Parameters supported are Ra, Rq, Rmax and Rz
parameters as described by ANSI, ISO and DIN
standards.
Additional parameters are supported by optional
software, allowing for custom reporting.

Suface Finish -2.wmv

116 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Surface Finish

Surface Finish Results Screen

• Once trace is complete,

results screen is
automatically displayed for
each trace
• Several traces per tooth in
profile direction is
recommended to
determine actual average
value for the tooth
• Ra. Rz, Rmax Rq are the
supported parameters
under DIN, ISO, ANSI
standards
• Advance Surface
metrology software
package “Omni- Surf is
available at additional
charge

117 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Surface Finish

118 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

 Gear Inspection Barkhausen Testing

Barkhausen Noise Testing Integration

• Sensor attached to a Renishaw Probe Pad
• Sensor and reporting are completely integrated in to GAMA Gear

• APC Support
• Quick disconnect connections
• Sensor Orientation preset
• Extreme positional accuracy

119 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Barkhausen Testing

Barkhausen Probe Calibration

Sensor Calibration
Stress Tech
• Sensor calibration is quite
simple, a 5 point
calibration against the
sphere which determines
size and location.
• .Probe calibration is
retain in permanent
memory, supports
multiple sizes and styles

120 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Barkhausen Testing

Barkhausen Inspection
Nondestructive Measurement of Surface Hardness
Residual and Compressive stresses

• Integrated into Gama

Software
• 16 scans combined to map a
complete tooth flank for
surface hardness

121 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

 Gear Inspection

Inspection Machine
Calibration Using An
Involute Master

Also Known As An
Artifact

122 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection

Involute Master With A

Large Degree Of Roll
Or Generating Path Length

123 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Load Test

Have You Ever

Done A Load Test
On Your Inspection
Machine?

124 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection Load Test

This Test Was An

Incremental Loading Test To
25,600 Pounds, 11,650 Kg.

Note The Repeatability Of

The Charts At A
Magnification Of 1000 X

125 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

 Gear Inspection

Ford Pin Master:

It Does An Excellent Job Of

Confirming The systems
Hystersis And Accuracy For
Degree Roll Plotting

126 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Gear Inspection

Plot Results Of
The Pin Master

127 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection

Are they moving, or stationary?

128 Gear School / Cylindrical Gear Inspection