Idealism

FATIMA Y. MAHILUM MST BIO 1

- Founded by Plato
- Striving for what is Ideal
- Ideas are immutable and
indestructible, hence they are
the only real thing
- Helps students develop their
morality

Realism Pragmatism
Classical
- founded by Aristotle
-founded by John Dewey
- rationaly real
-Experiential Learning
- encourage human beings to define

Philosophies
themselves by framing their choices - Learners may use their experiences
rationally to cope up with the changing reality
- Learners use their senses to - adapts with the needs and interests
understand the world of learners

Existentialism
- Founded by Kierkegaard
- What is real
- It uses independent thinking
- Learner centered type of learning by which
students' were given a chance to have a
self-paced and self-directed instruction
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Perennialism
- developed by Robert M. Hutchkins
- teacher-centered classroom and
student can engage through socratic
dialogue
- Teaches ideas that are everlasting
-Teach students to think rationally
and develop critical minds

Essentialism Humanism
Modern
-develped by Bagley and Bestor
- developed by Rousseau and
- back to the basic Pestalozzi
- trainig the mind of what is essential - believes that an individual has their

Philosophies
- teachers are expected to be expert in innate values, capacity and worth
their specific discipline - teachers role is to support the
- emphasis on 4Rs natural motivation of the learner and
- teachers students progressively, from be a role model for the attitudes,
basic skills to more complex skills beliefs and habits

Progressivism
- developed by William Kilpatrick
- learner-centered classroom
- learning by doing
- teachers provide real world experiences
and activities that center on the real life
experiences of students
- teachers teach students skills that can cope
up with changes

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Social
Reconstructionism
- developed by Theodore Brameld
- Emphasizes on addressing social questions and
making a better society
- learner centered classroom
- focuses on student making a social action to sove real
problems leading to social reform
- community-based learning is utilized

Post-Modern
Philosophies
Constructivism
Behaviorism - asserts that learners should be taught in
a way that allows them to construct their
- developed by Skinner own understandings about a subject
- focuses on the acquisition of new behavior - Develops intrinsically motivated and
based on environmental conditions independent learners equipped with
- Teachers' role is to modif and shape students' learning skills
behavior by providing a favorable environment - Teachers are just facilitator of learning
- Teachers may provide reinforcement and - Teachers provide data that allows the
punishments learner to hypothesize, predict,
manipulate, pose questions, research and
invent.