An algebraical expression is a collection of__________, symbols

consisting of one or more ________. terms

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__________are separated from each other by a + or a – sign (not by × or ÷) Terms
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Some expressions have special names.
A __________expression consists two terms. binomial
A ___________expression has three terms. trinomial
A _______________expression has three or more terms. multinomial
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

When two or more quantities are multiplied together the result is called a_________. product
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Each of the quantities multiplied together to form the product is called a ________. factor
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A ____________is a numerical factor of an expression. coefficient

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A __________of a quantity is the product of multiplying it by itself any

number of times. power
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

An _______is the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself. index

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Another name for the above is _________ exponent

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Every power of zero is _________. 0

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m x n means m is ________to itself n times or n is _________ to itself m times. added

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The product of three or more expressions is called a______________. continued product

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x
If y = z ,
x is called ________dividend
y is called ________divisor
z is called ________quotient
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If x – y = z,
x is called ________minuend
y is called ________subtrahend
z is called ________difference
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In an equation, giving appropriate numerical values to the unknowns (variables)

could make the LHS equal to the RHS. When this happens, those values of the
unknowns are called _________of the equation. roots
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The _________of an expression or equation can be found by degree

_________the exponents of the unknowns in each term of the equation and adding
the largest of these _________is the degree. sums
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

An equation of the first degree of any number of unknowns is called

a _________equation. linear
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A graph of a linear equation with any number of unknowns will

be a ________line. If there are n unknowns in a linear equation, the graph of straight
the equation will be a ________ line in n-dimensional space. straight
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If the degree of an equation is two or more, the graph of the equation

will be a _________line. The graph of an equation with n unknowns will be curved
a _________ line in n-dimensional space. curved
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The degree of the equation a2x5 + bx3y3 - a8xy4 - 2 = 0 is ______. 6

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The degree of the equation 6x2 + 5x – 25 = 6x2 + 6x – 14 is _____. 1

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The equations ax + by + c = 0 and ax + by = c

are both of the same form ___(T/F) T
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A Whole Number and Natural Number are not the same thing ____ (T/F) F
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Positive, negative, rational, irrational, whole or fractional numbers are all

Real numbers _____ (T/F) T
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A number that cannot be expressed exactly in the form of a ratio m/n where
m and n are integers is called _________. If it can be expressed in the form irrational
m/n exactly it is called _________. rational
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

An irrational number, though it cannot be expressed exactly as a ratio m/n

can however be expressed to any desired accuracy of decimal places ___ (T/F) T
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

An equation of the nth degree has ____ roots. n

An equation of the third degree has _____ roots. 3
All quadratic equations have ____ roots 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The formula for the roots of a quadratic is  b  b 2  4ac

2a
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The condition for the roots of a quadratic to be equal is (tick one) D
A) b 2  4ac  0
B) b 2  4ac  0
C) b 2  4ac  0
D) b 2  4ac  0
E) b 2  4ac  0
F) b 2  4ac  0
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If the roots of quadratic are the same they are each equal to b
2a
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The condition for the roots of a quadratic to be imaginary (tick one) E
A) b 2  4ac  0
B) b 2  4ac  0
C) b 2  4ac  0
D) b 2  4ac  0
E) b 2  4ac  0
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For the roots of a quadratic to be real: D

A) b  4ac  0
2

B) b 2  4ac  0
C) b 2  4ac  0
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
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If  and  are the roots of a quadratic:
+=
b
a
 =
c
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If b 2  4ac  0 the roots are (tick one) D
A) real
B) unreal
C) imaginary
D) real and unequal
E) real and equal
F) imaginary and equal
G) imaginary and unequal
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If the roots of a quadratic are real and rational then B

A) b  4ac is negative and a perfect square
2

B) b 2  4ac is positive and a perfect square

C) b 2  4ac is negative and NOT a perfect square
D) b 2  4ac is positive and NOT a perfect square
E) b 2  4ac is zero
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If the roots of a quadratic are real and irrational then D

A) b  4ac is negative and a perfect square
2

B) b 2  4ac is positive and a perfect square

C) b 2  4ac is negative and NOT a perfect square
D) b 2  4ac is positive and NOT a perfect square
E) b 2  4ac is zero
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One root of a quadratic can be rational and the other real ___ (T/F) T
If a root of a quadratic is irrational, it implies it is also real ____(T/F) T
One root of a quadratic can be rational and the other irrational ___ (T/F) F
If a root of a quadratic is rational, it implies it is also real ____(T/F) T
One root of a quadratic can be irrational and the other real ___ (T/F) T
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

a xb yc 0
The solution of simultaneous equations a1 x  b1 y  c1  0 is given by formulas
2 2 2
b1c2  b2 c1
x
a1b2  a 2 b1
y a 2 c1  a1c2
a1b2  a 2 b1
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Consider the equations: a1 x 2  b1 x  c1  0 and

a 2 x 2  b2 x  c2  0
The number of roots that each of these equations will have is 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The condition for these equations to have a common root is (b1c2  b2 c1 )(a1b2  a 2 b1 )  ( c1a 2  c2 a1 ) 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

a1 b1 c1
The condition for both roots to be equal is  
a 2 b2 c2
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A complex number has _____ parts, 2

a _____ part, real
a ______ part, and a imaginary
_____ part ☺
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4 25 is a complex number ___ (T/F) F

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10  81 is a complex number ___ (T/F) F
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15   75 is a complex number ___ (T/F) T
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The standard way of writing the complex number 5   36 is 5  6i

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The sum of a  ib and c  id is ( a  c )  i (b  d )

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The difference ( a  ib)  ( c  id ) equals ( a  c )  i (b  d )

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The product ( a  ib)( c  id ) equals ( ac  bd )  i (bc  ad )

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a  ib ( ac  ad )  i (bc  ad )
The quotient of is
c  id c2  d 2
If z is a complex number and z  x  iy then its conjugate
(also known as "complex conjugate") is x  iy
and is written z
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zz  2x
which is
A) Purely imaginary
B) Purely real
C) Complex B
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

zz  2iy
which is
A) Purely imaginary
B) Purely real
C) Complex A
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z. z  x2  y2
which is
A) Purely imaginary
B) Purely real
C) Complex B
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

z ( x 2  y 2 )  2ixy

z x2  y2
which is
A) Purely imaginary
B) Purely real
C) Complex C
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1 i 3
Derive the cube roots of unity ,
2
1 i 3
,
2
and 1

Derive the fourth roots of unity 1,1, i ,i

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Quadratic:

b
 =   
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c
  =  
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c
 
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cubic:

b
 =     
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c
  =      
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d
 
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Biquadratic

b
 =      
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
c
  =            
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
d
          
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
e
 
a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PERMUTATIONS and COMBINATIONS

The number of permutations of n things taking all at a time is n!

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n!
The number of permutations of n things taking r at a time is
( n  r )!
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The number of circular permutations of n things is ( n  1)!

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The number of combinations of n things taking all at a time is 1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n!
The number of combinations of n things taking r at a time is
r! ( n  r )!
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n n
C r is equivalent to Cn  r
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n 1
n
C r  n C r 1  Cr
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n 1 n 1
Cr  C r  2n 1 C r 1  n 1C r 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

INDICES and LOGARITHMS

p

a  (write with a root sign)

q p
q a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
If x  log10 y then write it as an equation ( something) something  something 10 x  y
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
log a 1  0
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
log a a  1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
log a 0  
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Logarithms to base 10 are called _________ logarithms natural
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Logarithms to base e are called _________ logarithms Napierian
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n
 1
Write the expression which gives e as the limit Lt  1  
n 
 n 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Draw the curves log10 x  y and y  log e x
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

log10 mn  log10 m  log10 n

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
m
log10  log10 m  log10 n
n
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
log10 m n  n log10 m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
log e N
Change the base of the logarithm log a N =
log e a
1
From the above it follows that log e a 
log a e
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

NUMBER THEORY

Two numbers a and b are relatively prime or co-prime if (a,b) = 1

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An integer p > 1 is called a prime number if it is not divisible by
any number other than ____ and ____  a and  1

In finding the GCD of a and b the signs of the numbers (+ or -)

does not affect the absolute value of the GCD ___ (T/F) T
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(a,0) = a
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If a is any number, the canonical representation of a is

 a a a an
a  p1 1  p 2 2  p3 3    pn
The number of positive divisors of a is given by
T(a) = (1  a1 )(1  a 2 )  (1  a n )
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
and the Sum of all positive divisors of a is
 p1 a1 1  1  p 2 a2 1  1   pn an 1  1 
    
S(a) =  p  1  p  1    p  1 
 1  2   n 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CASE (xn – yn) / (x – y) when n = any whole number

x2  y2
 x y
x y

x3  y3
 x 2  xy  y 2
x y

x4  y4
 x 3  x 2 y  xy 2  y 3
x y
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CASE (xn + yn) / (x + y) when n = any odd whole number

x3  y3
 x 2  xy  y 2
x y

x5  y5
 x 4  x 3 y  x 2 y 2  xy 3  y 4
x y

x7  y7
 x 6  x 5 y  x 4 y 2  x 3 y 3  x 2 y 4  xy 5  y 6
x y
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CASE (xn – yn) / (x + y) when n = any even whole number

x2  y2
 x y
x y

x4  y4
 x 3  x 2 y  xy 2  y 3
x y

x6  y6
 x 5  x 4 y  x 3 y 2  x 2 y 3  xy 4  y 5
x y
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(xn – yn) / (x – y) when n = any odd whole number is divisible --(answer Y/N) Y
(xn – yn) / (x – y) when n = any even whole number is divisible --(answer Y/N) Y
(xn – yn) / (x + y) when n = any odd whole number is divisible --(answer Y/N) N
(xn – yn) / (x + y) when n = any even whole number is divisible --(answer Y/N) Y

(xn + yn) / (x – y) when n = any even whole number is divisible --(answer Y/N) N
n n
(x + y ) / (x – y) when n = any even whole number is divisible --(answer Y/N) ?
(xn + yn) / (x + y) when n = any odd whole number is divisible --(answer Y/N) Y
(xn + yn) / (x + y) when n = any even whole number is divisible --(answer Y/N) N
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