Page 17: Exercise: Taxi fare from an airport to a nearby town is $0.

8 per mile driven, plus $2 for

tolls. Let 𝒚 represent the fare and 𝒙 the miles driven on one trip. Write the equation for 𝒚 in
terms of 𝒙. Find the fare when the distance driven is 17 miles.

Solution: The total fare will be

𝐹𝑎𝑟𝑒 = 0.8 𝑛𝑢𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 + 2 Using symbols, the required cost equation is: 𝑦 = 0.8𝑥 +
2 If the distance driven is 17 miles then, the fare is: 𝑦 17 = (0.8 × 17) + 2 = $15.6

Exercise: If taxi fare (𝑦) is 50 cents plus 20 cents per quarter mile, write the equation relating
fare to number of miles traveled, 𝑚.

Page 33: Example: The total cost 𝑦 of producing 𝑥 units is a linear function. Records show that
an occasion 100 units were made at a total cost of $200, and on another occasion 150 units were
made at a total cost of $275. Write the linear equation for total cost in terms of units produced.
What is the total cost if 250 units are made?

Answer: The information given consists of two points whose coordinates (𝑥,) are in the order
(units made, total cost). These are (𝑥1,𝑦1) = (100,200) and (𝑥2,𝑦2) = (150,275) The slope of the
line is then, 𝑚 = 𝑦2−𝑦1 𝑥2−𝑥1 = 275−200 150−100 = 1.5 Now, picking one of the points, say
(𝑥1,𝑦1) = (100,200), we substitute in the point slope form to get 𝑦 − 𝑦1 = 𝑚 𝑥 − 𝑥1 𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 −
200 = 1.5(𝑥 − 100) 𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 − 200 = 1.5𝑥 − 150 𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 = 1.5𝑥 + 50 The total cost of making 250
units is 𝑦 = 1.5 × 250 + 50 ∴ 𝑦 = 425 (𝐴𝑛𝑠.)

Page 34: Exercise: A publisher asks a printer for quotations on the cost of printing 1000 and
2000 copies of a book. The printer quotes $4500 for 1000 copies and $7500 for 2000 copies.
Assume that cost, 𝑦 is linearly related to 𝑥, the number of books printed. (a) Write the
coordinates of the given points. (b) Write the equation of the line. (c) What is the cost of printing
2500 copies? Answer: (a) The information given consists of two points whose coordinates (𝑥,)
are in the order (units made, total cost). These are (𝑥1,𝑦1) = (1000,4500) and (𝑥2,𝑦2) =
(2000,7500) (b) The slope of the line is then, 𝑚 = 𝑦2−𝑦1 𝑥2−𝑥1 = 7500−4500 2000−1000 = 3
Now, picking one of the points say (𝑥1,𝑦1) = (1000,4500) to get the equation of the line, 𝑦 − 𝑦1
= 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1) 𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 − 4500 = 3𝑥 – 3000
𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 1500 (c) The total cost of making 2500 units is 𝑦 = 3 × 2500 + 1500 ∴ 𝑦 = 9000
(Ans.)

Page 37: Question No. 32. As sales (𝑥) change from $100 to $400, selling expense (𝑦) changes
from $75 to $150. Assume that the given data establish the relationship between sales and selling
expense as the two change, and assume that the relationship is linear. Find the equation of the
relationship. Solution: Let, sales (𝑥) changes are 𝑥1 = 100 and𝑥2 = 400. Selling expense changes
(𝑦) are 𝑦1 = 75 and𝑦2 = 150. Therefore, the coordinates (𝑥,) are in order(sales, selling expense)
(𝑥1, 𝑦1) = (100, 75) and (𝑥2, 𝑦2) = (400, 150). Slope, 𝑚 = 𝑦2−𝑦1 𝑥2−𝑥1 = 150−75 400−100 =
75 300 = 1 4 = 0.25 Therefore, the equation in the point slope form is –𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1) or, 𝑦 −
75 = 0.25 (𝑥 − 100) or, 𝑦 − 75 = 0.25𝑥– 25 or, 𝑦 = 0.25𝑥– 25 + 75 ∴ 𝑦 = 0.25𝑥 + 50

Page 42: Example: Boston Gas Company charges its customers according to their usage of gas as
follows: a $6.71 customer charge, $0.7376 per “therm” for the first 160 therms, and $0.6800 per
therm for each therm over 160. a) Determine the cost function and draw its graph. b) What is the
charge for using 120 therms? c) What is the charge for using 200 therms? d) How many therms
were used if the charge was $355.93? Answer: a) The cost for the first 160 therm consist of the
$6.71 customer charge plus the $0.7376 charge per therm. Letting 𝑡 represent the number of
therms used, this charge become

6.71 + 0.7376𝑡………………………………………… (1)

Now if the customer uses for than160 therms, the charge of from (1) for the first 160 therms will
be 6.71 + 0.7376(160) = $124.726.

To this must be added the charge of $0.6800for each therm over 160, resulting in a charge of
124.726 + 0.6800 𝑡 − 160 = 124.726 + 0.6800𝑡 − 108.8 = 15.926 + 0.6800𝑡 .............
(2) Putting (1) and (2) together, we get the cost function 𝐶 𝑡 = 6.71 + 0.7376𝑡; 0 < 𝑡 < 160
15.926 + 0.6800𝑡; 𝑡 > 160 b) If the customer uses 120 therms, the charge is determined
from the first piece since 120 < 160. It is (120) = 6.71 + 0.7376 × 120 = $95.222
c) If the customer uses 200 therms, the charge is determined from the second piece (since 200 >
160). (200) = 15.926 + 0.6800 × 200 = $151.926

d) Now if the charge is $355.93, the customer must have used more than 160 therm. So from the
second piece of the cost function, we have 355.93 = 15.926 + 0.6800𝑡

𝑡=

355.93 − 15.926 0.6800

= 500.0059 therms

which means that 500 therms were used.

Page 45: Exercise: Boston Edison Company charges its customers according to their usage of
electricity. One rate it charges a particular class of user is as follows: a basic monthly charge of
$3.35, 3.380 cents per kilowatt hour (kwh) for the first 350 kwh, and 5.634 cents per kwh in
excess of 350. a) Determine the cost function and draw its graph. b) What are the total and
average charges for using 200 kwh? c) What are the total and average charges for using 400
kwh? d) How many kwh were used if the total charge is$51.80?

Solution: Here, 3.380 cents=$0.0338 and 5.634 cents=$0.05634 a) The cost for the first 350 kwh
consist of the $3.35 basic charge plus the $0.0338 charge per kwh. Letting 𝑘 represent the
number of kwh used, this charge become 3.35 + 0.0338𝑘
………………………………………… (1) Now if the customer uses for than 350 kwh, the
charge of from (1) for the first 350 kwh will be 3.35 + 0.0338 × 350 = $15.18 To this must be
added the charge of $0.05634 for each kwh over 350, resulting in a charge of 15.18 + 0.05634 𝑘
− 350 = 15.18 + 0.05634𝑘 − 19.719 = −4.539 +
0.05634𝑘 .............(2) Putting (1) and (2) together, we get the cost function C k = 3.35
+ 0.0338𝑘; 0 < 𝑡 ≤ 350 −4.539 + 0.05634𝑘; t > 350 b) If the customer uses 200 kwh, the charge
is determined from the first piece since 200 < 350. It is (200) = 3.35 + 0.0338 × 200 = $10.11

Average charge =10.11 200

= $0.05055 c) If the customer uses 400 kwh, the charge is determined from the second piece
(since 400 > 350). (400) = −4.539 + 0.05634 × 400 = $17.997 ≈ $18

Average charge =17.997 400

= $0.0449925 ≈ $0.045 d) Now if the charge is $51.80, the customer must have used more than
350 kwh. So from the second piece of the cost function, we have 51.80 = −4.539 + 0.05634𝑘

𝑘 = 51.80 + 4.539 0.05634

= 999.982251 𝑘𝑤ℎ ≈ 1000 𝑘𝑤ℎ which means that 1000 kwhs were used.

Page 47: Question 1: a) Find the equation of the line through (2, 7) parallel to the line 𝑦 = 1.5𝑥 −
3.5. b) Find the equation of the line through (-2, -6) perpendicular to the line 𝑦 = 1 3 𝑥 +43

Solution: a) Let the point (𝑥1, 𝑦1) = 2,7 The given equation is 𝑦 = 1.5𝑥 − 3.5. Here, slope, 𝑚 =
1.5. Since the required straight line is parallel to the given line. Hence, their slopes will be same.
Therefore, the slope of the required line is also 𝑚 = 1.5. The equation of the straight line is 𝑦 –
𝑦1 = (𝑥 – 𝑥1) 𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 – 7 = 1.5 (𝑥 – 2) 𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 – 7 = 1.5𝑥 – 3 ∴ 𝑦 = 1.5𝑥 + 4 (𝐴𝑛𝑠)

b) Let the point ( 1, 𝑦1) = (−2 , −6) The given equation is 𝑦 = 1 3 𝑥 + 4 3 . Here, slope, 𝑚1 = 1
3 . Let, the slope of the required line is 𝑚2. Since these lines are perpendicular, hence, 𝑚1𝑚2 =
−1 𝑜𝑟, 1 3 𝑚2 = −1 ∴ 𝑚2 = −3 Now, the equation of the straight line is 𝑦 – 𝑦1 = 𝑚2(𝑥 – 𝑥1) 𝑜𝑟,
𝑦 – −6 = −3(𝑥 + 2) 𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 + 6 = −3𝑥 – 6 𝑜𝑟, 𝑦 = −3𝑥 – 6 − 6 ∴ 𝑦 = −3𝑥 – 12 (𝐴𝑛𝑠.) Page 47:
Question 3: Find the equation of the line through the origin parallel to 𝑦 = 0.8𝑥 − 2. Solution: Let
the point (𝑥1,1) = (0 ,0) since the line through the origin. The given equation is 𝑦 = 0.8𝑥 − 2.
Here, slope= 0.8 Since the required straight line is parallel to the given line. Hence, their slopes
will be same. Therefore, the slope of the required line is also 𝑚 = 0.8. The equation of the
straight line is 𝑦 – 𝑦1 = (𝑥 – 𝑥1) 𝑜𝑟, – 0 = 0.8 (𝑥 –0) ∴ 𝑦 = 0.8𝑥 (𝐴𝑛𝑠)

Exercise: Find the 𝑥-intercept, 𝑦-intercept and gradient of the line 3𝑥 + 5𝑦 − 15 = 0. Exercise:
What is the equation of the line that has a slope of − 2 3 and 𝑦-intercept of -4? Exercise: On the
line passing through (2,3) and (-5,6), what is the 𝑦-coordinate of the point where 𝑥 = 1?

Page 48: Question No. 20: Colonial Gas Company charges its customers according to their usage
of gas as follows: a $6.00 customer charge, $1.180 per unit (100 cubic feet) for the first 20 units,
and $0.806 per unit for each unit over 20. a) Determine the cost function and draw its graph. b)
What are the total and average charges for using 15 units? c) For using 50 units? d) How many
units were used if the total charge is $73.93?
 Solution: a) The charge for the first 20 units consists of the $6.00 customer charge plus $1.180
charge per unit. Letting 𝑢 represents the number of units sold, this charge becomes, 1.180𝑢 +
6.00 …………… (𝑖) Now if the customer uses more than 20 units, the charge from (i)
for the first 20 units will be 1.180 × 20 + 6.00 = $29.6 To this must be added the charge $0.806
per unit for each unit over 20 units, resulting in a charge of 29.6 + 0.806 𝑢 − 20 = 29.6 + 0.806𝑢
− 16.12 = 0.806𝑢 + 13.48 ………… (𝑖𝑖) Putting (i) and (ii) together, we get the cost function 𝐶
𝑢 = 1.180𝑢 + 6.00, 0 ≤ 𝑢 ≤ 20 0.806𝑢 + 13.48 , 𝑢 > 20 For 𝑢 = 0,𝐶 𝑢 = 6 Therefore, the point
is (0, 6) For 𝑢 = 20,𝐶 𝑢 = 29.6 Therefore, the point is (20, 29.6)

b) For using 15 units (15 < 20) the total charge is (15) = 1.180 × 15 + 6 = $23.70 𝐴𝑛𝑠.

The average charge per unit =$1.58

Total cost Total units=23.70 15

c) For using 50 units (50 > 20) the total charge is 𝐶 50 = 0.806 × 50 + 13.48 = 40.30 + 13.48 =
$53.78

The average charge per unit =$1.0756

Total cost Total units=53.78 50

d) If the charge is $73.93, the sold units is more than 20 units, so from the second piece of the
cost function, we have, 73.93 = 0.806𝑢 + 13.48 𝑜𝑟, 0.806𝑢 = 73.93 − 13.48 𝑜𝑟, 0.806𝑢 =
60.45 ∴ 𝑢 = 75 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠

Page 48: Question No. 21: Comelectric charges its customers according to their usage of
electricity. One rate it charges commercial users is as follows: a monthly customer charge of
$6.00, $0.05973 energy charge per kwh for the first 2300kwh, $0.02505 energy charge per kwh
in excess of 2300 kwh, and $0.00048 conservation charge per kwh. a) Determine the cost
function and draw its graph. b) What is the total and average charge for using 2,000 kwh? c)
4000 kwh? d) How many kwh were used if the total charge is $254.26?

Solution: a) The charges for the first 2300 kwh consists of the $6.00 customer charge plus
$0.0048 conservation charge per kwh plus $0.05973 charge per kwh. Letting 𝑘 represent the
number of kwh. This charge becomes, (0.05973 + 0.00048) + 6.00 = 0.06021 𝑘 + 6.00
………………………………(i) Now, if the customer uses more than 2300 kwh, the charges
from (i) for the first 2300 kwh will be, = 0.06021 × 2300 + 6.00 = 144.483
To this must be added the charge $0.02505 per kwh and $0.00048 per kwh over 2300 kwh,
resulting in a charge of, 144.483 + (0.02505 + 0.00048)(𝑘 − 2300) = 144.483 + 0.02553 (𝑘 −
2300) = 144.483 + 0.02553𝑘 − 58.719 = 0.02553𝑘 + 85.764
…………………………… (ii) Putting (i) & (ii) together, we get the cost function, 𝐶 𝑘 =
0.06021k + 6.00, 0 ≤ k ≤ 2300 0.02553k + 85.764, k > 2300 b) For using 2000 kwh (2000
< 2300), the total charge is 0.06021 × 2000 + 6.00 = $126.42 & the average charges per kwh=
126.42 2000 = $0.06321 c) For using 4000 kwh (4000 > 2300), The total charge is, 0.02553 ×
4000 + 85.764 = $187.884 $ the average cost per kwh= 187.884 4000 = $0.046971

d) If the charge is $254.26, the number of kwh is more than 4000 kwh, so from second piece of
cost function, we have, 254.26 = 0.02553𝑘 + 85.764 𝑜𝑟, 0.02553𝑘 = 254.26 − 85.764 𝑜𝑟,
0.02553𝑘 = 168.496

𝑜𝑟, 𝑘 =168.496 0.02553

∴ 𝑘 = 6,600 𝑘𝑤ℎ

Page 48: Question No. 22: The 1990 U.S. federal tax rate for single individuals was as follows:
15 percent on an adjusted gross income (AGI) between $0 and $19,450: $2917.50 plus 28
percent on the excess over $19,450 on an AGI between $19,450 and $47,050; and $10,645.50
plus 33 percent on the excess over $47,050 on an AGI between $47,050 and $97,620.

a) Determine the tax function and draw its graph. b) How much tax would a single individual pay
on an AGI of $15,000? c) On an AGI of $35,000? d) On an AGI of $85000? e) What was the
individual’s AGI if taxes are $10,071.50?

Solution: Assume, 𝑖 indicates the adjusted gross income (AGI) and (𝑖) indicates the tax.

a) Tax rate is 15% or 0.15 when the AGI is between $0 & $19,450. Mathematically it can be
expressed as, If 0 ≤ 𝑖 ≤ 19,450 then, 𝑇(𝑖) = 0.15𝑖

When AGI is between $19,450 & $47,050, the tax rate is $2917.50 plus 28% or 0.28 on the
excess over $19,450. Mathematically, if 19,450 < 𝑖 ≤ 47,050 then , 𝑇(𝑖) = 0.28𝑖 – 19,450(0.28) +
2,917.50 = 0.28𝑖 − 5,446 + 2,917.50 = 0.28𝑖 − 2528.50
Similarly, when the AGI is between $47,050 & $97,620 the tax rate is $ 10,645.50 plus 33% or
0.33 on the excess over $47,050.

Mathematically, if, 47,050 < 𝑖 ≤ 97,620 then 𝑖 = 10,645.50 + 0.33(𝑖 − 47,050) = 10,645.50 +
0.33𝑖 − 15,526.50 = 0.33𝑖 − 4,881.00

So the tax function is,

𝑇 𝑖 = 0.15𝑖, 0 ≤ i ≤ 19,450 0.28i − 2,528.50, 19,450 < i ≤ 47,050 0.33i −

4,881.00, 47,050 < i ≤ 97,620

b) If AGI is $15,000 i.e., 𝑖 = $15,000 Then tax, 𝑇(15000) = 0.15(15000) = $ 2,250.00 c) If AGI
is $35000 i.e., 𝑖 = $35,000 Then tax , 𝑇(350000) = 0.28(35000) − 2,528.50 =
9,800 − 2,528.50 = $7,271.50 d) If AGI is $85000, i.e., 𝑖 = $85,000 Then , tax, 𝑇 85000 = 0.33
85000 − 4881.00 = 28050 − 4881 = $23,169.00 e) If taxes are $10,071.50, i.e., 𝑇(𝑖) = 10,071.50
then 𝐼(𝑖) = ? For choosing the tax function, we should determine the (𝑖) for each tax function for
the maximum amount and we will take such function which exceeds the amount $10,071.50, So,
for maximum AIG in first tax function $19,450. (𝑖) = 0.15($19,450) = $2,917.50 which does not
exceed $10,071.50. Then, for maximum AIG in the second tax function, $47,050 (𝑖) =
0.28(47,050) − 2,528.50 = 13,174 − 2528.50 = $10,645.50 So, this tax function is appropriate in
this case. Therefore, (𝑖) = 0.28𝑖 – 2,528.50 𝑜𝑟, 10,071.50 = 0.28𝑖 –2,528.50 𝑜𝑟, 0.28𝑖 =
10071.50 + 2528.50 𝑜𝑟, 0.28𝑖 = 12,600

𝑜𝑟, 𝑖 =

12,600 0.28

∴ 𝑖 = 45000 So, 𝐴(𝑖) = $45,00

Page 48: Question No. 23: The 1990 U.S. Federal tax rate for married couples was as follows: 15
percent on an AGI between $0 and $32,450; $486760 plus 28 percent on the excess over $32450
on an AGI between $32450 and $78400; and $17733.50 plus 33 percent on the excess over
$78400 on an AGI between $78400 and $162770. a) Determine the tax function and draw its
graph. b) How much taxes would a married couple pay on an AGI of $15000? c) On an AGI of
$35000? d) On an AGI of $85000? e) What was the couple’s AGI if taxes are $8381.50?
Solution: Let 𝑖 be the adjusted gross income (AGI) & 𝑇 indicates the tax. Tax rate is 15% or
0.15 when the AGI is between $0 and $32450. Mathematically, if 0 ≤ 𝑖 ≤ 32450, then 𝑇 𝑖 = 0.15𝑖

When the AGI is between $32400 and $78400, the tax rate is $4867.60 plus 28% or 0.28 on the
excess over $32450. Mathematically, if, 32450 < 𝑖 ≤ 78400 then 𝑇 𝑖 = (𝑖 − 32450)0.28 +
4867.60 = 0.28𝑖 − 32450 0.28 + 4867.60 = 0.28𝑖 − 9086 + 4867.60 = 0.28𝑖 − 4218.40

Similarly, when the AGI is between $78400 and $162770, the tax rate is $17733.50 plus 33% or
0.33 on the excess over $78400. Mathematically, if, 78400 < 𝑖 ≤ 162770 then 𝑇 𝑖 = (𝑖 −
78400)0.33 + 17733.50 = 0.33𝑖 − 78400 0.33 + 17733.50 = 0.33𝑖 − 25872 + 17733.50 = 0.33𝑖 −
8138.50

Therefore, the tax function is,

𝑇 𝑖 = 0.15𝑖; 0 ≤ 𝑖 ≤ 32450 0.28𝑖 − 4218.40; 32450 < 𝑖 ≤ 78400 0.33𝑖 − 8138.50;

78400 < 𝑖 ≤ 162770

(b) If AGI is $15000, that is 𝑖 = $15000 Then tax, 𝑇 𝑖 = 0.15 × 15000 = $2250

(c) ) If AGI is $35000, that is 𝑖 = $35000 Then tax, 𝑇 𝑖 = 0.28 × 35000 − 4218.40 = $9800 −
$4218.40 = $5581.60

(d) ) If AGI is $85000, that is 𝑖 = $85000 Then tax, 𝑇 𝑖 = 0.33 × 85000 − 8138.50 = $28050 −
$8138.50 = $19911.50

(e) If the taxes are $8381.50, that is 𝑇 𝑖 = 8381.50 then AGI=? For this AGI, the appropriate tax
function is, 𝑇 𝑖 = 0.28𝑖 − 4218.40 ⇒ 8381.50 = 0.28𝑖 − 4218.40

⇒ 0.28𝑖 = 8381.50 + 4218.40 ⇒ 0.28𝑖 = 12599.90

⇒ 𝑖 =12599.90 0.28

∴ 𝑖 = 45000 Hence, 𝐴(𝑖) = $45000.

Page 53: Example: A manufacturer of compact disc (CDs) has a fixed cost of $10,000 and
variable cost of $7 per CD made. Selling price is $12 per CD. a) Find the revenue, cost and profit
function? b) What is the profit if 2,800 CDs are made and sold? c) What is the profit if 1,000
CDs are made and sold? d) At what number of CDs made and sold will manufacturer break
even? e) At what sales volume (revenue) will break even occurs? Solution: a) We denote the
number (quantity) of CDs made and sold by 𝑞. Then since CDs are sold at $12 apiece, the
revenue function is: 𝑅 (𝑞) = 12𝑞. Now since the variable cost per CD is $7, the variable cost of
making q CDs will be 7𝑞. Adding the fixed cost of $10,000, the cost function becomes: 𝐶 (𝑞) =
7𝑞 + 10,000.

Lastly, since profit is revenue minus cost, therefore the profit function is = –𝐶 𝑞 = 12𝑞 −
(10000 + 7𝑞) = 12𝑞 – 10000 − 7𝑞 = 5𝑞 – 10000.

b) Here, 𝑞 = 2800, since 𝑃 (𝑞) = 5𝑞–10000 ∴ 2800 = 5.2800–10000 = 14000 – 10000 = $4000.

c) Here, 𝑞 = 1000, since 𝑃 𝑞 = 5𝑞 – 10000 ∴ (1000) = 5.1000 – 10000 = 5000 – 10000 = –$5000
indicating a loss of$5000. d) At the break-even profit will be 0. Thus,(𝑞) = 0 𝑜𝑟, 5𝑞 – 10000 =
0 𝑜𝑟, 5𝑞 = 10000

𝑜𝑟, 𝑞 =10000 5

∴ 𝑞 = 2000

e) Here we have to find out the value of R(q),where, 𝑞 = 2000 (from no. d) We know that𝑅(𝑞) =
12𝑞 ∴ 𝑅(2000) = 12 × 2000 = $24000.

Page 54: Exercise: A manufacturer of cassette tapes has a fixed cost of $60,000 and variable cost
of $6 per cassette produced. Selling price is $9 per cassette. a) Find the revenue, cost and profit
functions. b) What is the profit if 25,000 cassettes are made and sold? c) What is the profit if
1,8000 cassettes are made and sold? d) At what number of cassettes made and sold will the
manufacturer break even? e) What is the breakeven dollar volume of sales (revenue)?
Solution: a) Given that, fixed cost= $60,000, variable cost= $6/cassette, and selling price, 𝑝 =
$9. Hence, Revenue function, (𝑞) = 9𝑞 Cost function, (𝑞) = 6𝑞 + 60,000 Profit function, 𝑃 𝑞 = 𝑅
𝑞 − 𝐶 𝑞 = 9𝑞 − 6𝑞 + 60,000 = 9𝑞 − 6𝑞 − 60,000 = 3𝑞 − 60,000 b) If 25,000 cassettes are made
and sold, i.e., 𝑞 = 25000 then Profit, 𝑃(25,000) = 3(25,000) − 60,000 = 75,000 − 60,000 =
$15,000

c) If 18,000 cassettes are made and sold, 𝑞 = 18,000 then Profit (18,000) = 3(18,000) − 60,000 =
54,000 − 60,000 = −$6000 That is, loss= $6,000

d) At the break-even point, (𝑞) = 0 𝑜𝑟, 3𝑞 − 60,000 = 0 𝑜𝑟, 𝑞 = 60000 3

∴ 𝑞 = 20,000 e) Breakeven dollar volume, 𝑅 20,000 = 9 × 20,000 = $180,000

Page 64: Question No. 13: A manufacturer has a fixed cost of $60,000 and a variable cost of $2
per unit made and sold. Selling price is $5 per unit. a) Find the revenue, cost and profit functions
using q for number of units. b) Compute profit if 25,000 units are made and sold. c) Compute
profit if 10,000 units are made and sold. d) Find the break-even quantity. e) Find the break-even
dollar volume of sales (revenue). f) Construct the break-even chart. Label the cost and revenue
lines, the fixed cost line and the break-even point. Solution: a) Given that, fixed cost= $60,000,
variable cost= $2 per unit, and selling price, 𝑝 = $5. Hence, Revenue function, (𝑞) = 5𝑞 Cost
function, (𝑞) = 2𝑞 + 60,000 Profit function, 𝑃 𝑞 = 𝑅 𝑞 − 𝐶 𝑞 = 5𝑞 − 2𝑞 + 60,000 = 5𝑞 − 2𝑞 −
60,000 = 3𝑞 − 60,000 b) If 25,000 units are made and sold, i.e., 𝑞 = 25,000 then Profit, 𝑃(25,000)
= 3(25,000) − 60,000 = 75,000 − 60,000 = $15,000

c) If 10,000 units are made and sold, i.e., 𝑞 = 10,000 then Profit, (10,000) = 3(10,000) − 60,000 =
30,000 − 60,000 = −$30,000 That is, loss= $30,000 d) At the breakeven point, (𝑞) = 0 𝑜𝑟, 3𝑞 −
60,000 = 0 𝑜𝑟, 𝑞 = 60,000 3

∴ 𝑞 = 20,000 e) Breakeven dollar volume, 𝑅 20,000 = 5 × 20,000 = $100,000 f) Break-even

chart:

Page 64: Question No. 14: A manufacturer has a fixed cost of $120,000 and a variable cost of
$20 per unit made and sold. Selling price is $50 per unit. a) Find the revenue, cost and profit
functions using q for number of units. b) Compute profit if 10,000 units are made and sold. c)
Compute profit if 1,000 units are made and sold. d) Find the break-even quantity. e) Find the
break-even dollar volume of sales (revenue). f) Construct the break-even chart. Label the cost
and revenue lines, the fixed cost line, and the break-even point.

Solution: a) Given that, fixed cost= $1,20,000; variable cost= $20 per unit; and selling price, p=
$50. Hence, Revenue function, 𝑅(𝑞) = 50𝑞 Cost function, 𝐶(𝑞) = 20𝑞 + 1,20,000 Profit
function, 𝑃 𝑞 = 𝑅 𝑞 − 𝐶 𝑞 = 50𝑞 − 20𝑞 + 1,20,000 = 50𝑞 − 20𝑞 − 1,20,000 = 30𝑞 − 1,20,000 b)
If 10,000 units are made and sold, i.e., 𝑞 = 10000 then Profit, 𝑃(10,000) = 30 × 10,000 − 120000
= 300000 − 120000 = $1,80,000 c) If 1,000 units are made and sold, i.e., 𝑞 = 1000 then Profit, 𝑃
10,00 = 30 × 10,00 − 120000 = 30000 − 120000 = −$90,000 Here, the minus sign indicates a
loss of $90,000 if 1,000 units are made and sold. d) At the break-even point, (𝑞) = 0 𝑜𝑟, 30𝑞 −
1,20,000 = 0 𝑜𝑟, 30𝑞 = 1,20,000

𝑜𝑟, 𝑞 =

120000 30

∴ 𝑞 = 4,000 So, the break-even quantity is 4,000 units.

e) Break-even dollar revenue, (4000) = 50 × 4,000 = $200,000 f) Break-even chart,

Page64: Question No. 15: A company has a linear total cost function and has determined that
over the next three months it can produce 1,000 units at a total cost of $300,000. This same
manufacturer can produce 2,000 units at a total cost of $400,000. The units sell for $180 each. a)
Determine the revenue, cost, and profit functions using 𝑞 for number of units. b) What is the
fixed cost? c) What is the marginal cost? d) Find the break-even quantity. e) What is the break-
even dollar volume of sales?

Solution: Let 𝑞1 = 1000,2 = 2000, 𝐶1 = $300,000, 𝐶2 = $400,000 and 𝐶(𝑞) is the cost function.
Given selling price per unit, 𝑃 = $180. a) Determination of cost function(𝒒): 𝐶 – 𝐶1 𝐶1 − 𝐶2 = 𝑞
– 𝑞1 𝑞1 − 𝑞2

𝑜𝑟, 𝐶– 300000 300000 − 400000 = 𝑞– 1000 1000 – 2000

𝑜𝑟, 𝐶– 300000 −100000 = 𝑞– 1000 –1000

𝑜𝑟, 𝐶– 300000 100 = 𝑞– 1000 1

𝑜𝑟, 𝐶– 300000 = 100(𝑞– 1000) 𝑜𝑟, 𝐶– 300000 = 100𝑞– 100000 𝑜𝑟, 𝐶 = 100𝑞– 100000 +
300000 ∴ 𝐶 = 100𝑞 + 200000 So the cost function is(𝑞) = 100𝑞 + 200000
Determination of revenue function𝑹(𝒒): 𝑅(𝑞) = 180𝑞 Determination of profit function 𝑷(𝒒):
𝑃(𝑞) = 𝑅(𝑞) − 𝐶(𝑞) 𝑜𝑟, 𝑃(𝑞) = 180𝑞 − (100𝑞 + 200000) 𝑜𝑟, 𝑃 𝑞 = 180𝑞 − 100𝑞 − 200000 ∴
𝑃(𝑞) = 80𝑞 − 200000 b) The fixed cost is $200,000 c) The marginal cost is $100 d) Breakeven
point is when profit is zero: 𝑃

𝑞 = 0 , 80 𝑞 − 200000 = 0 𝑜 𝑟 , 80 𝑞 = 200000 ∴ 𝑞 = 2500 𝑈 𝑛 𝑖 𝑡 𝑠

e) Breakeven dollar volume of sales: 𝑅 2500 = 180 × 2500 = $450,000

Page 64: Question No. 16: A company has a linear total cost function and has determined that
over the next three months it can produce 10,000 units at a total cost of $5,50,000. This same
manufacturer can produce 20,000 units at a total cost of $6,00,000. The selling price per unit is
$5.50. a) Determine the revenue, cost and profit functions using q for number of units. b) What is
the fixed cost? c) What is the marginal cost? d) Find the break-even quantity. e) What is the
break-even dollar volume of sale?

Solution: Let, 𝐶 represents total cost and 𝑞 represents number of units. So, we have, 𝑞 1 =
10,000, 𝑞 2 = 20,000, 𝐶1 = 5,50,000 and 𝐶 2 = 600,000. Selling price per unit, 𝑝 = $5.50. a)
Revenue function, 𝑅 ( ) = 𝑝 𝑞 = 5.50 𝑞

Determination of cost function: To get the required linear cost function, we use the following
formula as we have two points, 𝐶 − 𝐶 1 𝐶 1 − 𝐶 2 = 𝑞 − 𝑞 1 𝑞 1 − 𝑞 2 𝑬𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓! 𝑩𝒐𝒐𝒌𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌 𝒏𝒐𝒕
𝒅𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒅. , 𝐶 − 550000 550000 − 600000 = 𝑞 − 10000 10000 − 20000

, 𝐶 − 550000 −50000 = 𝑞 − 10000 −10000

, 𝐶 − 550000 5 = 𝑞 − 10000 1

, 𝐶 − 550000 = 5( 𝑞 − 10000) 𝑜 𝑟 , 𝐶 − 550000 = 5 𝑞 − 50000 𝑜 𝑟 , 𝐶 = 550000 + 5 𝑞 −

50000 ∴ 𝐶 ( 𝑞 ) = 5 𝑞 − 500000, which is the required cost function.

Profit function, 𝑃 ( ) = 𝑅 ( )) –

𝐶 ( 𝑞 ) = 5.50 𝑞 − (5 𝑞 + 5,00,000) = 5.50 𝑞 − 5 𝑞 − 5,00,000 ∴ 𝑃 ( 𝑞 ) = 0.50 𝑞 − 5,00,000,

which is the required profit function.
b) From the cost function, the fixed cost is $5,00,000 c) The marginal cost is $5 d) At break-even
point, 𝑃 ( 𝑞 ) = 0 𝑜 𝑟 , 0.50 𝑞 − 5,00,000 = 0 𝑜 𝑟 , 0.50 𝑞 = 5,00,000

𝑜 𝑟,=500000 0.50

∴ 𝑞 = 10,00,000 So the break-even quantity is 10,00,000 units.

e) The revenue at break-even point, 𝑅 (1000000) = 5.50 × 1000000 = $55,00,000 So the break-
even revenue is $55,00,000. f) The cost with no operation is = Fixed cost = $500,000.

Page 68: Question 30: A manufacturer has a fixed cost of $40,000 and a variable cost of $1.60
per unit made and sold. Selling price is $2 per unit. a) Find the revenue, cost, and profit functions
using q for number of units. b) Compute profit if 150,000 units are made and sold. c) Compute
profit if 80,000 units are made and sold. d) Find the break-even quantity. e) Find the break-even
dollar volume of sales (revenue). f) Construct the break-even chart. Label the cost, revenue, and
fixed cost lines, and the break-even point. Solution: Given that, Fixed cost, C = $40,000 Per unit
variable cost, m = $1.60

Per unit selling price, p = $2 Number of units produced & sold = q (a) Revenue function, 𝑅

𝑞=𝑝𝑞=2𝑞

Cost Function, 𝐶

𝑞 = 𝑉 𝐶 + 𝐹 𝐶 = 𝑚𝑞

+𝐶= 1.60 𝑞+ 40,000

Profit function,

𝑃 ( ) = 𝑅 ( ) – 𝐶 ( 𝑞 ) = 2 𝑞 – (1.60 𝑞 + 40,000) = 2 𝑞 – 1.60 𝑞 − 40,000 = (2 – 1.60) 𝑞 – 40,000

= 0.40 𝑞 – 40,000

(b) When 𝑞 = 150,000 then Profit, 𝑃 (150,000) = 0.40 × 150,000 − 40,000 = 60,000− 40,000 = $
20,000 (c) When 𝑞 = 80,000, then Profit, 80,000 = 0.40 × 80,000 – 40,000 = 32,000 – 40,000 =
− $ 8,000 which indicates a loss of $8,000. (d) For the break-even quantity: Profit = 0 𝑃 ( ) = 0 𝑜
, 0.40 𝑞 – 40,000 = 0 𝑜 𝑟 , 0.40 𝑞 = 40,000

𝑜 𝑟,=40,000 0.40𝑞

= 100,000 i.e., 100,000 units. (e) Break-even dollar volume sales (Revenue) = 2 𝑞
= 2 × 100,000 = $200,000.

Page 68: Question No. 31: Company has a linear total cost function and has determined that over
the next there months it can produce 12,000 units at a total cost of $224,000. This same
manufacture 18,000 units at a total cost of $296,000. The selling price per unit is $13,25. a)
Determine the revenue, cots, and profit functions using q for number of units. b) What is the
fixed cost? c) What is the marginal cost? d) Find the break-even quantity? e) What is the break-
even dollar volume of sales? f) What will profit be if the company shuts down? g) If because of a
strike, the company will be able to produce only 10,000 units, should it shut down for the next
three months? Why or why not? Solution: a) Let us consider 𝐶 ( ) is the cost function. Here, 𝑞 1
= 12,000, 𝑞 2 = 18,000, 𝐶 1 = 2,24,000, 𝐶 2 = 2,96,000 𝐶 − 𝐶 1 𝐶 1 − 𝐶 2 = 𝑞 − 𝑞 1 𝑞 1 − 𝑞 2

, 𝐶 − 224000 224000 − 296000 = 𝑞 − 12000 12000 − 18000

, 𝐶 − 224000 −72000 = 𝑞 − 12000 −6000

, 𝐶 − 224000 12 = 𝑞 − 12000 1

, 𝐶 − 224000 = 12 𝑞 − 144000 𝑜 𝑟 , 𝐶 = 12 𝑞 − 144000 + 224000

𝑜 𝑟,= 12 𝑞+ 80000

∴𝐶 ( ) = 12 𝑞+ 80000

Revenue function, 𝑅 ( ) = 13.25 𝑞

Profit function, 𝑃

𝑞=𝑅

𝑞−𝐶

𝑞 = 13.25 𝑞− 12 𝑞+ 80000 = 13.25 𝑞− 12 𝑞− 80000 = 1.25 𝑞− 80000

b) Fixed cost 80000 c) We know that marginal cost=variable cost per unit= 12 d) For the break
even quantity 𝑃 ( 𝑞 ) = 0 𝑜 𝑟 , 1.25 𝑞 − 80000 = 0 𝑜 𝑟 , 1.25 𝑞 = 80000 ∴ 𝑞 = 64000 e) Break
even volume of sales 𝑅 (64000) = 13.25× 64000 = 848000 f) Here, 𝑞 = 0 𝑃 (0) = 1.25 × 0 −
80000 = −80000 𝐿 𝑜 𝑠 𝑠 = −$80000 g) Here 𝑞 = 10000 𝑃 (10000) = 1.25 × 10000 − 80000 =
12500 − 80000 = −67500 𝐿 𝑜 𝑠 𝑠 = $67500 So we should not shut down company because in
producing 10000 units the total loss is less than the entire loss in total shutdown of operation.
Page 90: Example: A gasoline company wants to provide a customer with 2000 liters of 85
octane gasoline with a vapor pressure index of 25. To do this, the supplier must mix three kinds
of gasoline to form an appropriate mixture at a minimum cost. Regular unleaded gasoline costs
$0.30 per liter and has an octane rating of 80 with a vapor pressure index of 30. Premium
unleaded gasoline costs $0.33 per liter with an octane rating of 90 and a vapor pressure index of
20. Super unleaded gasoline costs $0.40 per liter and has an octane rating of 100 with a vapor
pressure index of 10. What amount of each gasoline should be mixed?

Solution: Letting ,

, and 𝑧

represent respectively the number of liters of regular, premium

and super, the cost function, 𝐶 , is 𝐶 = 0.30 𝑥 + 0.33 𝑦 + 0.40 𝑧 …………….

(i)

The first condition to be satisfied is that the mixture contain precisely 2000 liters, 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 =
2000 ……….. (ii)

The second condition to be satisfied is that the octane rating be 85, so we get 80 𝑥 + 90 𝑦 + 100 𝑧
= 85 × 2000 ⇒ 8 𝑥 + 9 𝑦 + 10 𝑧 = 17000 ……………. (iii)

The last condition to be satisfied is that the vapor pressure index be 25, so we have 30 𝑥 + 20 𝑦 +
10 𝑧 = 25 × 2000 ⇒ 3 𝑥 + 2 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 5000 ……………………. (iv)

𝑖 𝑖 × 10 − 𝑖 𝑖 𝑖 ⇒ 10 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 − 8 𝑥 + 9 𝑦 + 10 𝑧 = 10 × 2000 − 17000 ⇒ 10 𝑥 + 10 𝑦 + 10 𝑧 − 8
𝑥 − 9 𝑦 − 10 𝑧 = 20000 − 17000 ⇒ 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 3000 …………… (v)

𝑖 𝑖− 𝑖 𝑣⇒ 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧− 3 𝑥+ 2 𝑦+𝑧= 2000 − 5000

⇒𝑥+𝑦+𝑧− 3 𝑥− 2 𝑦−𝑧= −3000

⇒ −2 𝑥−𝑦= −3000 ………………. (vi)

Now, + 𝑣 𝑖

⇒ 0 + 0 = 0 Hence, the system has an unlimited number of solutions.

Letting 𝑥 be arbitrary, we have from (v) 𝑦 = 3000 − 2 𝑥
………………… (vii) Now substitute this into (ii), we get, 𝑥 + 3000 − 2 𝑥 + 𝑧 = 2000 ⇒ − 𝑥 + 𝑧
= −1000 ⇒ 𝑧 = 𝑥 − 1000 …………………. (viii) Where 𝑥 is
arbitrary.

Now clearly we cannot permit any of our variables to have a negative value. Inspecting the
solution, we see that 𝑥 can take on values from a lower of 1000 to prevent 𝑧 from being negative
(setting 𝑧 = 0 yields 𝑥 = 1000 from (viii)) to a higher value of 1500 to prevent 𝑦

from being negative( setting 𝑦 = 0 the 𝑥 = 1500 from (vii)).

Our solution then becomes, 1000 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1500 𝑦 = 3000 − 2 𝑥

𝑧 = 𝑥 − 1000

Now we can express the cost function in terms of the arbitrary value of . This yields 𝐶 = 0.30 𝑥
+ 0.33 3000 − 2 𝑥 + 0.40 𝑥 − 1000 ⇒ 𝐶 = 0.30 𝑥 + 990 − 0.66 𝑥 + 0.40 𝑥 − 400 ⇒ 𝐶 = 0.04 𝑥 +
590

Clearly the cost function is a linear function of 𝑥 with positive slope (here, 𝑠 𝑙 𝑜 𝑝 𝑒

= 0.04).

It is clear that cost increases when

𝑥 increases, so to minimize cost we should use the lowest

possible value of

𝑥 . Because

𝑥 is arbitrary in the range 1000 to 1500, we choose

= 1000,

and compute the corresponding values of 𝑦 and 𝑧

. We have,

= 1000 liters of regular unleaded

= 1000 liters of premium unleaded

= 0 liters of super unleaded.

Minimum cost, 𝐶

= 0.04 × 1000 + 590 = 40 + 590 = $630

Page 92: Question No. 1: If 𝑥 liters of regular gasoline, which costs $0.50 per liter, are to be
mixed with 𝑦 liters of regular unleaded gasoline, at $0.66 per liter, to obtain 1,000 liters of
mixture worth $0.60 per liter, how much of gasoline should be used.

Solution: Total number of liters is 𝑥

, which must equal 1000 and the value of 𝑥 liters at

$0.50 plus 𝑦 liters at $0.66 which is 0.50 𝑥 + 0.66 , must equal the total value of 1,000 liters at
$0.60 which is $600. Hence, + 𝑦 = 1000…………………………… (i)

0.50 𝑥

+ 0.66 𝑥 = 600………………….(ii) From equation (i) 𝑦 = 1000 − 𝑥

………………………………………………(iii) From equation (ii) 0.50 𝑥 + 0.66(1000− 𝑥 ) =
600 [by using equation (iii)] 𝑜 𝑟 , 0.50 𝑥 + 660 − 0.66 𝑥 = 600 𝑜 𝑟 , − 0.16 𝑥 = −60

𝑜𝑟

, 𝑥

=−
60 0.16

𝑥 = 375 Form equation (iii)

= 1000 − 375 = 625 So, 375 liters of regular and 625 liters of unleaded.

Page 92: Question 2: We plan to invest

𝑥 dollars Acme Company bonds, which pay 6.5

percent interest, and 𝑦 dollars in Star Company bonds, which pay 9 percent interest. If $50,000 is
to be invested and we require that $4,000 interest be received. How much should be invested in
each bond? Solution: Investment is Acme Company bonds = $ 𝑥

Investment in Star Company bonds = $ 𝑦

Total investment in both the companies is $( + 𝑦 ), which must equal $50,000. Interest on
Acme’s bond for $x invest = $ × 6.5 % = $ 𝑥 × 0.065 = $ 0.065 𝑥 . Interest on Star’s bond for
$ y invest = $ 𝑦 × 9% = $ 𝑦 × 0.09 = $0.09 . Total interest received from both the companies=
$(0.065 𝑥 + 0.09 ), which must equal $4,000.

Hence, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 50000 ………………………………… (i) 0.065

𝑥 + 0.09 𝑦 = 4000 …………………………….. (ii) From (i), we get,
𝑦 = 50000 – 𝑥 ………………………………… (iii) From (ii), we get 0.065 𝑥 + 0.09
(50000 – 𝑥 ) = 4000 [ By using equation (iii)] 𝑜 𝑟 , 0.065 𝑥 + 4500 – 0.09 𝑥 = 4000 𝑜 𝑟 , −
0.025 𝑥 = − 500

𝑜𝑟

, 𝑥=

−500 −0.025


𝑥 = 20,000

From (iii), we get, 𝑦 = 50000 – 20000 = 30,000. That is invest $20,000 in Acme and $30,000 in
Star. Page 92: Question 3: It takes 20 minutes and costs $2 to make one double-edged razor
blade, whereas it takes 30 minutes and cost $1 to make one single-edged razor blade. If 600
minutes and $40 are available, How many of each blades can be made?

Solution: Assume that, number of double-edged razor blade is 𝑥 and number of single- edged
razor blade is . For making x number of double-edged razor blade, time will be needed = (20 × )
minutes

= 20 𝑥 minutes. For making 𝑦 number of single-edged razor blade, time will be needed = (30×

) minutes

= 30 𝑦 minutes. Total time required for producing both the items is (20 𝑥 + 30 ), which must
equal 600. Again, cost for producing 𝑥 double-edged razor blade = $ (2 × ) = $2 𝑥 and cost for
producing y single-edged razor blade = $ (1 × 𝑦 ) = $ 𝑦 . Total cost for producing both the items
is $(2 𝑥 + ), which must equal $40 Hence, 20 𝑥 + 30 𝑦 = 600
……………………………………………….. (i) 2 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 40
………………………………………….…………(ii) From (ii), we get, 𝑦 = 40–2 𝑥
………………………………….…………….. (iii) Now from (i), we get, 20 𝑥 + 30 (40 – 2 𝑥 )
= 600 [By using equation (iii)] 𝑜 𝑟 , 20 𝑥 + 1200 – 60 𝑥 = 600 𝑜 𝑟 , − 40 𝑥 = −600

𝑜 𝑟, 𝑥 = −600 −40𝑥 = 15

From (iii), we get, = 40 – (2 × 15) = 40 – 30 = 10. That is, 15 double-edged blades and 10
single-edged blade. (Ans.)

Page 92: Question 5: A mixture of pellets is to be made containing

𝑥 regular pellets, 𝑦 large pellets, and 𝑧 extra large pellets. Cost, weights, and volume data for
each type of pellet are shown in the table. Is it possible to make a mixture of 45 pellets at a cost
of 85 cents if the mixture is to have 120 weight units and 130 volume units? If so, how many of
each type of pellet should be in the mixture? Pellet type Numbers of pellets Cost per pellet in
cents Weight units per pellet Volume units per pellet Regular 𝑥 2 1 4 Large 𝑦 3 2 2 Extra large 𝑧
143
Solution: We can form the following system of equations by using the given information: 2 𝑥 + 3
𝑦 + 𝑧 = 85 ……………………………… (i) 𝑥 + 2 𝑦 + 4 𝑧 = 120
……………………………. (ii) 4 𝑥 + 2 𝑦 + 3 𝑧 = 130 ……………………………. (iii)

𝑖 𝑖 × 2 − ( 𝑖 ) ⇒ 2 𝑥 + 2 𝑦 + 4 𝑧 − 2 𝑥 + 3 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 2 × 120 − 85 𝑜 𝑟 , 2 𝑥 + 4 𝑦 + 8 𝑧 − 2 𝑥 − 3 𝑦
− 𝑧 = 240 − 85 ∴ 𝑦 + 7 𝑧 = 155 ………………..………..……………….……………. (iv)

𝑖 𝑖 × 4 − 𝑖 𝑖 𝑖 ⇒ 4 𝑥+ 2 𝑦+ 4 𝑧− 4 𝑥+ 2 𝑦+ 3 𝑧= 4 × 120 − 130

𝑜 𝑟, 4 𝑥+ 8 𝑦+ 16 𝑧− 4 𝑥− 2 𝑦− 3 𝑧

= 480 − 130

∴ 6 𝑦+ 13 𝑧= 350 …………………………………...………………. (v)

(𝑖 𝑣) × 6 − 𝑣 ⇒ 6 𝑦+ 7 𝑧 − 6 𝑦+ 13 𝑧= 6 × 155 − 350

𝑜 𝑟, 6 𝑦+ 42 𝑧− 6 𝑦− 13 𝑧= 930 − 350

𝑜 𝑟, 29 𝑧= 580

∴𝑧= 20

Putting the value of 𝑧in (iv), we get, 𝑦+ 7 × 20 = 155 𝑜 𝑟 , 𝑦 + 140 = 155 𝑜 𝑟 , 𝑦 = 155 − 140 ∴
𝑦 = 15

Now, putting the value of 𝑦 and 𝑧

in (i), we get 2 𝑥 + 3 × 15 + 20 = 85 𝑜 𝑟 , 2 𝑥 + 45 + 20 = 85 𝑜 𝑟 , 2 𝑥 = 85 − 45 − 20 𝑜 𝑟 , 2
𝑥 = 20 ∴ 𝑥 = 10

Since 𝑥+𝑦+𝑧= 10 + 15 + 20 = 45, hence it is possible to make a mixture of 45 pellets under the
given conditions.