Scribd
Upload
136 views

General Chemistry I - Tutorial 5

This document provides a tutorial with 24 questions about Lewis structures and bonding concepts in general chemistry. The questions cover topics such as identifying elements based on Lewis symbols, drawing Lewis structures for various molecules and polyatomic ions, determining formal charges and resonance structures, and predicting bond lengths and polarities. Students are asked to complete Lewis structures, identify central atoms, determine oxidation states, calculate formal charges, and predict ordering of bond lengths.

Uploaded by

Duc Anh Nguyen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
136 views

General Chemistry I - Tutorial 5

This document provides a tutorial with 24 questions about Lewis structures and bonding concepts in general chemistry. The questions cover topics such as identifying elements based on Lewis symbols, drawing Lewis structures for various molecules and polyatomic ions, determining formal charges and resonance structures, and predicting bond lengths and polarities. Students are asked to complete Lewis structures, identify central atoms, determine oxidation states, calculate formal charges, and predict ordering of bond lengths.

Uploaded by

Duc Anh Nguyen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

General Chemistry I

Tutorial 5
1. For each of these Lewis symbols, indicate the group in the periodic table in which
the element X belongs:

2. The orbital diagram that follows shows the valence electrons for a 2+ ion of an
element. (a) What is the element? (b) What is the electron configuration of an atom of
this element?

3. In the Lewis structure shown here, A, D, E, Q, X, and Z represent elements in the


first two rows of the periodic table. Identify all six elements so that the formal charges
of all atoms are zero.

4. Incomplete Lewis structures for the nitrous acid molecule, HNO2, and the nitrite

ion, NO2-, are shown here.

(a) Complete each Lewis structure by adding electron pairs as needed.

(b) Is the formal charge on N the same or different in these two species?

(c) Would either HNO2 or NO2- be expected to exhibit resonance?

(d) Would you expect the N “ O bond in HNO2 to be longer, shorter, or the same
length as the N ¬ O bonds in NO2-?

5. Consider the Lewis structure for the polyatomic oxyanion shown here, where X is
an element from the third period Na - Ar. By changing the overall charge, n, from 1-
to 2- to 3- we get three different polyatomic ions. For each of these ions (a) identify
the central atom, X; (b) determine the formal charge of the central atom, X; (c) draw a
Lewis structure that makes the formal charge on the central atom equal to zero.

6. Consider the element silicon, Si.

(a) Write its electron configuration.

(b) How many valence electrons does a silicon atom have?

(c) Which subshells hold the valence electrons?

7. What is the Lewis symbol for each of the following atoms or ions? (a) K, (b) As,

(c) Sn2 + , (d) N3 - .

8. Write the electron configuration for each of the following ions, and determine

which ones possess noble-gas configura- tions: (a) Sr2+, (b) Ti2+, (c) Se2-, (d) Ni2+,

(e) Br-, (f) Mn3 + .

9. Using Lewis symbols and Lewis structures, diagram the formation of SiCl4 from Si

and Cl atoms, showing valence-shell electrons.


(a) How many valence electrons does Si have initially?

(b) How many valence electrons does each Cl have initially?

(c) How many valence electrons surround the Si in the SiCl4 molecule?

(d) How many valence electrons surround each Cl in the SiCl4 molecule?

(e) How many bonding pairs of electrons are in the SiCl4 molecule?

10. (a) Construct a Lewis structure for O2 in which each atom achieves an octet of

electrons. (b) How many bonding elec- trons are in the structure? (c) Would you
expect the O¬O bond in O2 to be shorter or longer than the O¬O bond in compounds

that contain an O ¬ O single bond? Explain.

11. (a) Construct a Lewis structure for hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, in which each atom

achieves an octet of electrons. (b) How many bonding electrons are between the two
oxygen atoms? (c) Do you expect the O¬O bond in H2O2 to be longer or shorter than

the O ¬ O bond in O2? Explain.

12. Which of the following bonds are polar? (a) B¬F, (b) Cl¬Cl, (c) Se¬O, (d) H¬I.
Which is the more electro- negative atom in each polar bond?

13. The iodine monobromide molecule, IBr, has a bond length of 2.49 Å and a dipole
moment of 1.21 D. (a) Which atom of the molecule is expected to have a negative
charge? (b) Calculate the effective charges on the I and Br atoms in IBr in units of the
electronic charge, e.

14. Draw Lewis structures for the following: (a) SiH4, (b) CO, (c) SF2, (d) H2SO4

(H is bonded to O), (e) ClO2-, (f) NH2OH.

15. Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule for each of the following, and
assign oxidation numbers and formal charges to each atom: (a) OCS, (b) SOCl2 (S is

the central atom), (c) BrO3-, (d) HClO2 (H is bonded to O).


16. For each of the following molecules or ions of sulfur and oxygen, write a single
Lewis structure that obeys the oc- tet rule, and calculate the oxidation numbers and

formal charges on all the atoms: (a) SO2, (b) SO3, (c) SO32 - . (d) Arrange these

molecules/ions in order of increasing S¬O bond length.

17. (a) Draw the best Lewis structure(s) for the nitrite ion, NO2-. (b) With what

allotrope of oxygen is it isoelectronic? (c) What would you predict for the lengths of

the bonds in NO2- relative to N ¬ O single bonds and double bonds?

18. Predict the ordering, from shortest to longest, of the bond lengths in CO, CO2, and

CO32 - .

19. Based on Lewis structures, predict the ordering, from shortest to longest, of N ¬ O

bond lengths in NO+, NO2-, and NO3-.

20. Mothballs are composed of naphthalene, C10H8, a molecule that consists of two

six-membered rings of carbon fused along an edge, as shown in this incomplete Lewis
structure:

(a) Draw all of the resonance structures of naphthalene. How many are there? (b) Do
you expect the C ¬ C bond lengthsin the molecule to be similar to those of C ¬ C
single bonds,C = C double bonds, or intermediate between C−C single and C=C
double bonds? (c) Not all of the C¬C bond lengths in naphthalene are equivalent.
Based on your resonance structures, how many C ¬ C bonds in the molecule do you
ex- pect to be shorter than the others?
21. Draw the dominant Lewis structures for these chlorine–oxygen molecules/ions:

ClO, ClO-, ClO2-, ClO3-, ClO4-. Which of these do not obey the octet rule?

22. Draw the Lewis structures for each of the following ions or molecules. Identify
those in which the octet rule is not obeyed; state which atom in each compound does
not follow the octet rule; and state, for those atoms, how many electrons surround

these atoms: (a) PH3, (b) AlH3, (c) N3-, (d) CH2Cl2, (e) SnF6.

23. In the vapor phase, BeCl2 exists as a discrete molecule. (a) Draw the Lewis

structure of this molecule, using only single bonds. Does this Lewis structure satisfy
the octet rule? (b) What other resonance structures are possible that satisfy the octet
rule? (c) On the basis of the formal charges, which Lewis structure is expected to be
dominant for BeCl2?

24. The “plastic” explosive C-4, often used in action movies, contains the molecule
cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, which is often called RDX (for Royal Demolition
eXplosive):

(a) Complete the Lewis structure for the molecule by adding unshared electron pairs
where they are needed. (b) Does the Lewis structure you drew in part (a) have any
resonance structure? If so, how many? (c) The molecule causes an explosion by
decomposing into CO(g), N2(g), and H2O(g). Write a balanced equation for the
decomposition reaction. (d) Which is the weakest type of bond in the molecule? (e)
Use average bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change when 5.0 g of RDX
decomposes.

You might also like