EE324 HW#6 Spring12

Problem 4.3 Find the total charge contained in a cone defined by R ≤ 2 m and
0 ≤ θ ≤ π /4, given that ρv = 10R2 cos2 θ (mC/m3 ).
Solution: For the cone of Fig. P4.3, application of Eq. (4.5) gives
Z 2π Z π /4 Z 2
Q= 10R2 cos2 θ R2 sin θ dR d θ d φ
φ =0 θ =0 R=0
µ ¶ ¯¯2 ¯¯π /4 ¯¯2π
−2 5
= R φ cos3 θ ¯ ¯ ¯
¯ ¯ ¯
3
R=0 θ =0 φ =0
¯ ¯ ¯
 Ã √ !3 
128π  2 
= 1− = 86.65 (mC).
3 2

2m

π/4

y
0

Figure P4.3: Cone of Problem 4.3.

Problem 4.8 An electron beam shaped like a circular cylinder of radius r0 carries a
charge density given by
−ρ0
µ ¶
ρv = (C/m3 )
1 + r2
where ρ0 is a positive constant and the beam’s axis is coincident with the z-axis.
(a) Determine the total charge contained in length L of the beam.
(b) If the electrons are moving in the +z-direction with uniform speed u, determine
the magnitude and direction of the current crossing the z-plane.
Solution:
(a)

−ρ0
Z r0 Z L Z r0 Z L µ ¶
Q= ρv d V = 2π r dr dz
r=0 z=0 r=0 z=0 1 + r2
Z r0
r
= −2πρ0 L 2
dr = −πρ0 L ln(1 + r02 ).
0 1 + r
(b)
uρ0
J = ρv u = −ẑ (A/m2 ),
Z 1 + r2
I= J · ds
Z r0 Z 2π µ
uρ0
¶
= −ẑ · ẑr dr d φ
r=0 φ =0 1 + r2
Z r0
r
= −2π uρ0 2
dr = −π uρ0 ln(1 + r02 ) (A).
0 1+r

Current direction is along −ẑ.

Problem 4.14 A line of charge with uniform density ρℓ = 8 (µ C/m) exists in air
along the z-axis between z = 0 and z = 5 cm. Find E at (0,10 cm,0).
Solution: Use of Eq. (4.21c) for the line of charge shown in Fig. P4.14 gives

′ ρl dl
1
Z ′
E= R̂ ,
4πε0 l ′ R′ 2

R′ = ŷ 0.1 − ẑz
Z 0.05
1 (ŷ0.1 − ẑz)
= (8 × 10−6 ) dz
4πε0z=0 [(0.1)2 + z2 ]3/2
" # ¯0.05
8 × 10−6 ŷ10z + ẑ ¯
=
¯
4πε0
p ¯
(0.1)2 + z2 ¯ z=0
= 71.86 × 103 [ŷ 4.47 − ẑ 1.06] = ŷ 321.4 × 103 − ẑ 76.2 × 103 (V/m).

5 cm

dz R' = ^y0.1 - ^zz

0 y
10 cm

Figure P4.14: Line charge.

Problem 4.20 Three infinite lines of charge, ρl1 = 3 (nC/m), ρl2 = −3 (nC/m), and
ρl3 = 3 (nC/m), are all parallel to the z-axis. If they pass through the respective points
(0, −b), (0, 0), and (0, b) in the x–y plane, find the electric field at (a, 0, 0). Evaluate
your result for a = 2 cm and b = 1 cm.
Solution:
y

ρl3
(0,b)

R3 E1
ρl2 E2 P
x
(a,0)
E3

(0,-b) ρl1

Figure P4.20: Three parallel line charges.

ρl1 = 3 (nC/m),
ρl2 = −3 (nC/m),
ρl3 = ρl1 ,
E = E1 + E2 + E3 .

Components of line charges 1 and 3 along y cancel and components along x add.
Hence, using Eq. (4.33),
2ρl1 ρl2
E = x̂ cos θ + x̂ .
2πε0 R1 2πε0 a
 a √
with cos θ = √ and R1 = a2 + b2 ,
2
a +b2

· ¸
x̂ 3 2a 1
E= − × 10−9 (V/m).
2πε0 a2 + b2 a

For a = 2 cm and b = 1 cm,

E = x̂ 1.62 (kV/m).
Problem 4.22 Given the electric flux density
D = x̂2(x + y) + ŷ(3x − 2y) (C/m2 )
determine
(a) ρv by applying Eq. (4.26).
(b) The total charge Q enclosed in a cube 2 m on a side, located in the first octant
with three of its sides coincident with the x-, y-, and z-axes and one of its
corners at the origin.
(c) The total charge Q in the cube, obtained by applying Eq. (4.29).
Solution:
(a) By applying Eq. (4.26)
∂ ∂
ρv = ∇ · D = (2x + 2y) + (3x − 2y) = 0.
∂x ∂y
(b) Integrate the charge density over the volume as in Eq. (4.27):
Z Z 2 Z 2 Z 2
Q= ∇ · D dV = 0 dx dy dz = 0.
V x=0 y=0 z=0

(c) Apply Gauss’ law to calculate the total charge from Eq. (4.29)
Z
Q= n
D · ds = Ffront + Fback + Fright + Fleft + Ftop + Fbottom ,
Z 2 Z 2
¯
¯
Ffront = (x̂2(x + y) + ŷ(3x − 2y))¯ · (x̂ dz dy)
¯
y=0 z=0 ¯
x=2
 ¯
Z 2 Z 2
¯ µ ¶ ¯¯2 ¯2
¯ 1 2
= 2(x + y)¯ dz dy = 2z 2y + y ¯  ¯ = 24,
¯ ¯ ¯
y=0 z=0 ¯ 2 ¯ ¯
x=2 z=0 y=0
Z 2 Z 2
¯
¯
Fback = (x̂2(x + y) + ŷ(3x − 2y))¯ · (−x̂ dz dy)
¯
y=0 z=0 ¯
x=0
 ¯ ¯
¯2 ¯2
¯
Z 2 Z 2 ¯
2
=− 2(x + y)¯ dz dy = − zy ¯  ¯ = −8,
¯ ¯ ¯
y=0 z=0 ¯ ¯ ¯
x=0 z=0 y=0
Z 2 Z 2
¯
¯
Fright = (x̂2(x + y) + ŷ(3x − 2y))¯ · (ŷ dz dx)
¯
x=0 z=0 ¯
y=2
 ¯
Z 2 Z 2
¯ µ ¶ ¯¯2 ¯2
¯ 3 2
= (3x − 2y)¯ dz dx = z x − 4x ¯ = −4,
¯  ¯ ¯
¯
x=0 z=0 ¯ 2 ¯ ¯
y=2 z=0 x=0
 ¯
Z 2 Z 2 ¯
Fleft = (x̂2(x + y) + ŷ(3x − 2y))¯ · (−ŷ dz dx)
¯
x=0 z=0 ¯
y=0
 ¯
Z 2 Z 2
¯ µ ¶ ¯¯2 ¯2
¯ 3 2
=− (3x − 2y)¯ dz dx = − z x ¯ ¯ = −12,
¯ ¯ ¯
x=0 z=0 ¯ 2 ¯ ¯
y=0 z=0 x=0
¯
Z 2 Z 2 ¯
Ftop = (x̂2(x + y) + ŷ(3x − 2y))¯ · (ẑ dy dx)
¯
x=0 z=0 ¯
z=2
¯
Z 2 Z 2 ¯
= 0¯ dy dx = 0,
¯
x=0 z=0 ¯
z=2
Z 2 Z 2
¯
¯
Fbottom = (x̂2(x + y) + ŷ(3x − 2y))¯ · (ẑ dy dx)
¯
x=0 z=0 ¯
z=0
Z 2 Z 2 ¯
¯
= 0¯ dy dx = 0.
¯
x=0 z=0 ¯
z=0
Z
Thus Q = n
D · ds = 24 − 8 − 4 − 12 + 0 + 0 = 0.
Problem 4.24 Charge Q1 is uniformly distributed over a thin spherical shell of
radius a, and charge Q2 is uniformly distributed over a second spherical shell of
radius b, with b > a. Apply Gauss’s law to find E in the regions R < a, a < R < b,
and R > b.
Solution: Using symmetry considerations, we know D = R̂DR . From Table 3.1,
ds = R̂R2 sin θ d θ d φ for an element of a spherical surface. Using Gauss’s law in
integral form (Eq. (4.29)), Z
n
D · ds = Qtot ,
S
where Qtot is the total charge enclosed in S. For a spherical surface of radius R,
Z 2π Z π
(R̂DR ) · (R̂R2 sin θ d θ d φ ) = Qtot ,
φ =0 θ =0
DR R2 (2π )[− cos θ ]π0 = Qtot ,
Qtot
DR = .
4π R2
From Eq. (4.15), we know a linear, isotropic material has the constitutive relationship
D = ε E. Thus, we find E from D.
(a) In the region R < a,

R̂Qtot
Qtot = 0, E = R̂ER = = 0 (V/m).
4π R2 ε
(b) In the region a < R < b,

R̂Q1
Qtot = Q1 , E = R̂ER = (V/m).
4π R2 ε
(c) In the region R > b,

R̂(Q1 + Q2 )
Qtot = Q1 + Q2 , E = R̂ER = (V/m).
4π R2 ε
Problem 4.25 The electric flux density inside a dielectric sphere of radius a
centered at the origin is given by

D = R̂ρ0 R (C/m2 )

where ρ0 is a constant. Find the total charge inside the sphere.

Solution:
Z Z π Z 2π ¯
R̂ρ0 R · R̂R sin θ d θ d φ ¯¯
2
¯
Q= n
D · ds =
S θ =0 φ =0 R=a
Z π
= 2πρ0 a 3
sin θ d θ = −2πρ0 a cos θ |π0 = 4πρ0 a3
3
(C).
0
Problem 4.27 An infinitely long cylindrical shell extending between r = 1 m and
r = 3 m contains a uniform charge density ρv0 . Apply Gauss’s law to find D in all
regions.
Solution: For r < 1 m, D = 0.
For 1 ≤ r ≤ 3 m,
Z
n
r̂ Dr · ds = Q,
S
Dr · 2π rL = ρv0 · π L(r2 − 12 ),
ρv0 π L(r2 − 1) ρv0 (r2 − 1)
D = r̂ Dr = r̂ = r̂ , 1 ≤ r ≤ 3 m.
2π rL 2r
For r ≥ 3 m,

Dr · 2π rL = ρv0 π L(32 − 12 ) = 8ρv0 π L,

4ρv0
D = r̂ Dr = r̂ , r ≥ 3 m.
r
 z

1m

L
3m

Figure P4.27: Cylindrical shell.