Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. X, No.

X, 20XX, pp 1

Paper Title
Subtitle as needed

1stAuthor (Name) 2nd Author (Name)

line 1: dept. name of organization line 1: dept. name of organization
line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptable line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptable
line 3: City, Country line 3: City, Country
line 4: e-mail address line 4: e-mail address

3rd Author (Name)

line 1: dept. name of organization
line 2: name of organization, acronyms acceptable
line 3: City, Country
line 4: e-mail address

Abstract-This electronic document is a “live” template. The II. EASE OF USE

various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are
already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions
This template should be used to format your paper and style
given in this document. In abstract, only plain text should be the text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, and text fonts
used. In the abstract and keywords sections remember NOT to are prescribed; please do not alter them. Do not paste formatted
put a space between the “–” and the first word. Use text in this file: it will probably cause the loss of formation. If
control+shift+s to make the word style menu visible so that it you do, make sure to re-format the text correctly and to apply
may help you format the paper correctly (use each ETASR style the correct ETASR style where appropriate. Also always make
where appropriate). The title and abstract are further processed sure that you use the correct column sizes (8.9 cm width with
by indexing services, shown in web pages etc and these mediums 0.63 cm spacing), the correct margins (top: 1.9 cm, bottom:
may be unable to correctly transcribe anything beyond plain text. 2.54 cm, left: 1.57 cm and right: 1.57 cm) and paper size
Thus, avoid including equations and formulas in both title and (Letter size, width: 21.59 cm and height: 27.94 cm). Do not
abstract, especially long formulas with subscripts. Make sure that change font size or line spacing to squeeze more text into a
the abstract is written as one paragraph. limited number of pages.
Keywords-component; formatting; style; styling; insert III. REGARDING THE CONTENT
I. INTRODUCTION  The introduction should briefly place the work in context
and highlight its importance, novelty and contribution. The
All standard paper components have been specified for current state of the research field should be reviewed and
three reasons: (1) ease of use when formatting individual key publications should be cited within the introduction.
papers, (2) automatic compliance to electronic requirements There should not be another separate section for Literature
that facilitate the concurrent or later production of electronic Review. All claims or facts mentioned in the introduction
products, and (3) conformity of style. Margins, column widths, should be supported by references.
line spacing, and type styles are built-in; examples of the type
styles are provided throughout this document. All styles  References should be numbered in order of appearance. See
necessary for formatting a paper for ETASR have a ETASR the end of the document for further details on references.
related style name. For example: the “ETASR body text” style
is used for this paragraph. Some components, such as multi-  The structure of the document should help the reader easily
leveled equations, graphics, and tables are not prescribed, understand what the actual work is. Background
although the various table text styles are provided. The author information is best to be included in separate sections.
will need to create these components, incorporating the  The authors should avoid stating extended information for
applicable criteria that follow. Please note that although minor previously known methods, algorithms, techniques etc. A
formatting corrections will be done by ETASR during the brief description of them may be given (principles, key
copyediting of the paper, largely unformatted documents will characteristics etc) but all further information should be
be declined right after submission. Submitting a properly provided via references. This includes the math background
formatted document is not only a sign of respect for a journal (equations, proofs etc). Ideally, only novel equations should
and its rules, it also helps journals to avoid applying processing be written. If you need to include known equations make
charges, thus benefiting all authors. sure that these are the absolutely essential ones.

Corresponding author: name of corresponding author

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 Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. X, No. X, 20XX, pp 2

 The focus of the paper should be on the authors’ own work. needed, you can add a denotation table/paragraph at the
A minor section discussing the work’s novelty is advisable. beginning or the end of the manuscript.
Comparison with recent works in the same field is also
 Use “(1)”, not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1)”, except at the
advisable.
beginning of a sentence, e.g. “Equation (1) is . . .”
IV. PREPARE YOUR PAPER BEFORE STYLING IV. Some Common Mistakes
Do not use hard tabs and do not use empty rows between  In American English, periods and commas are written
paragraphs. Do not add any kind of pagination anywhere in the within quotation marks, “like this.” Other punctuation is
paper. Do not number text heads, the template will do that for “outside”! For scientific writing, it was widely suggested in
you. Please take note of the following items when proofreading the past that punctuations should follow the British English
spelling and grammar: style (commas and periods outside quotes) as this was
I. Abbreviations and Acronyms considered more “internationally accepted.” However, full
adoption of the American English punctuation style has
Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are gained ground since and ETASR also now follows the
used in the text, even after they have been defined in the American English punctuation style.
abstract. Well known abbreviations such as SI, mm, AC, RMS
etc do not have to be defined. Do not use abbreviations in the  The word “data” is plural, not singular.
title or heads unless they are unavoidable.
 A parenthetical phrase or statement at the end of a sentence
II. Units is punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this).
 Use SI (MKS) as primary units. English units may be used (A parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the
as secondary units (in parentheses). An exception would be parentheses.)
the use of English units as identifiers in trade, such as “3.5-  Use “whereas” instead of “while” (except if you mean that
inch disk drive.” things are happening simultaneously).
 Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units.  The prefix “non” is not a word; it should be joined to the
Spell out units when they appear in text: “. . . a few word it modifies, usually without a hyphen.
henries”, not “. . . a few H”.
 There is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation
 Always write the zero before decimal points. “et al.”
 Use “cm3” or “cm3” but not “cc”. Make sure that you use  The abbreviation “i.e.” means “that is” and the abbreviation
the correct symbols for thousands and decimals (i.e. one “e.g.” means “for example”.
thousand is 1,000.00, not 1.000,00).
 Avoid contractions: write “is not” instead of “isn’t.”
III. Equations
The equations are an exception to the prescribed  You may use or not use a serial comma (or Oxford
specifications of this template. comma), but make sure that its use (or nonuse) does not
create any ambiguity. If needed, change the phrasing.
 Do not insert equations as images.
V. USING THE TEMPLATE
 Always insert them in-line with text (never have them float
over text). Duplicate the template file by using the Save As command.
You can either start typing or import your prepared text file, in
 Number equations consecutively. Equation numbers, within this newly created file. Use the control+shift+s shortcut to
parentheses, are to position to the right of the equations. make the style window appear.
 The best solution would be to use the Equation Editor (1) or V. Authors and Affiliations
Mathtype (2) as below:  This template was designed for three authors. You can
α + β= χ (1) change the number of columns or even insert a table to
include more authors. Authors’ are ordered left to right.
α+ β= χ (2)  Write the first name first and the last name (or family
 Use the same symbol in the text as in the equation. Do not name) last (from left to right). Remember that only the
initial from the first name will be used in the paper’s
use e.g. Xm or Xm in the text, and X m or Xm in the metadata so e.g. “Albert Einstein” will result to “A.
equation. Einstein” but “Einstein Albert” will result to “E. Albert”
(and this would be used in the paper’s metadata).
 Punctuate equations with commas or periods when they are
part of a sentence.  Try to keep affiliations as short as possible in the
manuscript. However, do provide full and detailed
 Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been affiliations in your submission’s metadata.
defined before or immediately following the equation. If

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 Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. X, No. X, 20XX, pp 3

 Make sure that all authors’ affiliations are stated. Emails

can be omitted from the manuscript but should be provided
in the submission’s metadata.
 Use the official English translation/title of your institution
(check its web page for verification if necessary). Fig. 1. Example of a figure caption.

VI. Headings & Captions  Figures should be inserted in text and their layout should be
Headings, or heads, are organizational devices that guide in line with text.
the reader through your paper. There are two types: component  Make sure that the smaller font inside a figure is roughly
heads and text heads. the same size with figure captions.
 Component heads identify the different components of your  Avoid placing (a), (b) etc on top of figures.
paper and are not topically subordinate to each other.
Examples include Acknowledgments and References. Use  Do not insert large images and then resize them in Word.
the “ETASR Heading 5” style for these headings. This will probably result to a large file and possible errors
during uploading. Instead, first resize the images in an
 Use the “ETASR figure caption” style, for your Figure image manipulating software and then insert them into
captions, and “ETASR table head” for your table title. Word. Images should ideally be inserted at their actual size
 Text heads organize the topics on a relational, hierarchical (no resizing in Word should be needed).
basis. If there are two or more sub-topics, the next level II. Figure Labels
head should be used. Styles named ETASR Heading 1,
ETASR Heading 2, ETASR Heading 3 and ETASR Use the “ETASR figure caption” style. Use words rather
Heading 4 are prescribed. than symbols or abbreviations when writing axis labels to avoid
confusing the reader. If including units in the label, present
 If there are not at least two sub-topics, then no subheads them within parentheses. Do not label axes only with units.
should be introduced.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
VII. Figures and Tables
Include sponsor acknowledgments in this section. Do not
I. Positioning Figures and Tables number the heading.
 If possible, place figures and tables at the top and bottom of
VI. CITING REFERENCES IN TEXT
columns.
Three basic rules apply:
 Large figures and tables may span across both columns.
1. Refer simply to the reference number e.g. use “Authors in
 Figure captions should be below the figures; table heads [1]” or “it was shown that … [2]” - do not use “ref. [1]” or
should appear above the tables. “reference [2]” except if at the beginning of a sentence,
 Insert figures and tables after they are cited in the text. e.g. “Reference [1] shows … .” If you use authors’ names
to cite a reference in text, then use “et al.” when there are
 Refer to figures using “Figure 1” and to tables using “Table three or more names. Do not use any other bibliographical
I” and so on. data (e.g. the year etc) when citing a reference in text.
 Figure captions cannot be part of the figure. 2. The sentence punctuation follows the bracket (e.g. “as
 Figures are ideally 300 dpi TIFF files. If this results to a shown in [3].”)
large file then you should use formats such as jpg and png, 3. For multiple references: include all refs in the same bracket
but always make sure that the figure is of good quality.
(e.g. [1-3, 5] and not [1]-[3], [5]).
 Do not use word shapes as figures, especially if the shapes You may use the above “ETASR numbered list” style if
are not grouped. You should extract the word shape image you wish to have a numbered list in your paper.
in an image file. You can do that in various ways. The
simplest would be to create the figure in word using word VII. REFERENCE LIST
shapes and then use print screen and paste in an image
creating/manipulating program.  Make sure that you have included enough recent references
to place your work in context among recent research.
TABLE I. TABLE TYPE STYLES
 Make sure that you have included at least two references
Table Table Column Head from ETASR to justify the relevance of your paper to this
Head Table column subhead Subhead Subhead journal.
copy More table copy  Use the “ETASR reference” style to format the references
a. Sample of a Table footnote. section. The template will number citations consecutively
within brackets.

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 Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. X, No. X, 20XX, pp 4

 Most online scientific publications now offer easy to use reference. A period should not be added at the end of the
citation tools at their sites. Reference managers are also URL. Some minor formatting rules are also given below.
widely used by researchers. In an attempt to assist the effort
 Avoid using references that are not in English. If necessary
to unify and simplify referencing, ETASR has opted to
follow the IEEE style for references (without using however, then provide the official English translation –if
available- for all bibliographical data (journal’s title,
abbreviations) as of August, 2020.
article’s title, institution in case of a thesis etc). The original
 For details and for all the style variations, authors may language used in the citation should be mentioned in
check the latest IEEE REFERENCE GUIDE. parentheses right after the title of the reference (or the
publisher’s name in case of a book).
 It is widely advised that a citation tool or reference manager
(e.g. Zotero, Mendeley etc) is used.  Give all authors' names; do not use “et al.” except in case of
an exceptionally large number of authors (seven or more).
 Our citation style is available in the official Zotero Style
Repository and you can add it to your available styles either  Papers that have not been published, even if they have been
from within your Reference Manager Software (e.g. Zotero, submitted for publication, should be cited as “unpublished.”
Mendeley) or you can download it directly from Papers that have been accepted for publication should be
https://www.zotero.org/styles/engineering- cited as “to be published.”
technology-and-applied-science-research and  Avoid citing not permanently referenced internet
add it manually to your Reference Manager documents/articles.
Software.  If you include a URL, use a soft return (shift+return) to
 Although, freely available add-ons are provided that can be break the URL so as to avoid miss justification of the text
used to grab references directly from the publisher’s site, before it. Do not add hyphens or spaces to the URL. Break
these are still really buggy. Instead, you should download an URL after /, //, before ~, -, _, ?, %, before or after =, &
the citation data (in RIS format) and then import them in or @.
your reference manager software. You can then export the  Be cautious about the placing of commas (they should be
reference (or the whole reference list) in word using the inside quotes).
IEEE style.
 Do not use abbreviations. Do not use working acronyms.
 Google Scholar offers a “cite” tool but its automated data For example, use “Engineering, Technology & Applied
harvesting is prone to errors. It is advisable to visit/use the Science Research” and not “ETASR” or “ETASR- Eng.
publisher’s site instead of Google Scholar. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.” or “Engineering, Technology &
 It is also advisable to download the RIS file for each Applied Science Research (ETASR)” or any other
citation to your PC and then import it in your reference combination that includes “ETASR” or any similar
manager software instead of simply copying the citation acronyms for other journals.
from sites that provide a “cite this as…” text.  If some of the bibliographical data stated in the basic
Inconsistencies and errors have been spotted in such texts formatting examples below are not applicable, simply omit
even at the sites of major publishers. them. For example, an editor may not exist for a certain
 Check and if needed correct and/or populate the metadata book and there is no need to write pages for a book if the
of a reference in your reference manager software before whole book is cited as a reference.
pasting them in your list. REFERENCES
 The basic goals of the authors should be: (a) to provide  Journal papers
sufficient data so that each reference may be identified,
[1] A. Author and B. Author, “Name of paper,” Title of Journal, vol. x, no.
(b) keep a uniform style throughout the reference list, and x, pp. xxx-xxx, Month (abbreviated), year. [in case pages are used]
(c) follow the basic styling principles.
[2] A. Author, B. Author, and C. Author “Name of paper,” Title of Journal,
 If you use our csl style then all citation styling will be vol. x, no. x, Month (abbreviated), year, Art. no. xxx. [in case article
numbers are used]
performed automatically. However, the basic rules are
quoted below.  Books
[3] A. Author, Book Title, xth ed. City of Publisher, (State if in the U.S.),
 The authors’ names are stated first, using the “A. Author” Country: Publisher, year. [in case the whole book is cited]
form, the title of the reference follows within quotes, the [4] A. Author, “Chapter title,” in Book Title, X. Editor, Ed., xth ed. City of
medium that included the reference (i.e. the container) Publisher, (State if in the U.S.), Country: Publisher (in Language), year,
follows in italics, and the rest of the bibliographical data ch. x, sec. x, pp. xxx–xxx. [in case a specific part of the book (a chapter,
conclude the reference. Italics are not used in case of theses a section etc) is cited]
and dissertations. If a DOI is available, it should be  Conferences
included in the end of the reference. If a DOI is available,
[5] A. Author, “Title of paper,” in Name of Conf., Location, year, pp. xxx-
an URL should not be included. To add an URL, simply xxx (omit pp. if not available). [in case of published conference papers]
add “[Online]. Available: ” and the URL at the end of the

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 Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. X, No. X, 20XX, pp 5
[6] A. Author, “Title of paper,” (in Language) presented at the Name of
Conf., Location, Month and day(s), year, pp. xxx-xxx (omit pp. if not
available). [in case of unpublished conference papers]
 Thesis-dissertation
[7] A. Author, “Title of thesis,” M.S. thesis, Dept.,Univ., City of Univ.,
Country, year.
[8] A. Author, “Title of dissertation,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept., Univ., City
of Univ., Country, year.
 Websites
[9] A. Author. “Page Title.” Website Title. Web Address (retrieved Date
Accessed)
 Standards
[10] Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate author, location, date.
[11] Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
 Manuals
[12] Name of Manual/Handbook, x ed., Name of Co., City of Co., Abbrev.
State, Country, year, pp. xxx–xxx. [in case of a hard copy manual
without specific authors]
[13] A. Author. Name of Manual/Handbook, (year). Accessed: Date.
[Online]. Available: URL [in case of an online manual with a specific
author]
 Software
[14] Title of Software. (version or year), Publisher Name. Accessed: Date
(when applicable). [Online]. Available: URL

AUTHORS PROFILE

An authors’ profile section is optional but welcomed. If you are to include

such a section in your paper, then you have to provide a profile for ALL
authors (not just some of them or only the corresponding author).

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