12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and

Ontologies
Contents

Introduction

Video
Tools

APOC
neosemantics (n10s)

What is a Knowledge Graph?

Importing Wikidata Ontologies

Wikidata SPARQL API

Viewing the taxonomy

Importing dev.to articles

Article Entity Extraction

Querying the Knowledge Graph

Semantic Search

Similar Articles
Adding a custom ontology

Goals

This guide shows how to build and query a Knowledge Graph of entities extracted using APOC NLP
procedures and Ontologies extracted using neosemantics.

Prerequisites

You should have a basic understanding of the property graph model. Having Neo4j Desktop downloaded
and installed will allow you to code along with the examples.
→

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

In this tutorial we’re going to build a Software Knowledge Graph based on:

Articles taken from dev.to, a developer blogging platform, and the entities extracted (using NLP
techniques) from those articles.

Software ontologies extracted from Wikidata, the free and open knowledge base that acts as
central storage for the structured data of Wikipedia.

Once we’ve done that we’ll learn how to query the Knowledge Graph to nd interesting insights that
are enabled by combining NLP and Ontologies.

The queries and data used in this guide can be found in the neo4j-examples/nlp-knowledge-graph

→
GitHub repository.

Video

Jesús Barrasa and Mark Needham presented a talk based on this tutorial at the Neo4j Connections:
Knowledge Graphs event on 25th August 2020. The video from the talk is available below:
→

Building a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

We’re going to use a couple of plugin libraries in this tutorial, so you’ll need to install those if you want
to follow along with the examples.

APOC

APOC (Awesome Procedures on Neo4j) is Neo4j’s standard library. It contains

→

more than 450 procedures and functions providing functionality for utilities,
conversions, graph updates, and more. We’re going to use this tool to scrape web
pages and apply NLP techniques on text data.

We can install APOC from the plugins section of a database in the Neo4j Desktop:

Figure 1. Installing APOC

We’ll also need to install the APOC NLP Dependencies jar from GitHub releases. At the time of writing,
the latest version of APOC is 4.0.0.18, so we need to download apoc-nlp-dependencies-
4.0.0.18.jarThis
fromwebsite uses cookies
the 4.0.0.18 release page . Once we’ve downloaded that le, we need to
→

place it in the plugins directory:

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Figure 2. Installing APOC NLP Dependencies

neosemantics (n10s)

neosemantics is a plugin that enables the use of RDF and its associated
→

vocabularies like OWL, RDFS, SKOS, and others in Neo4j. We’re going to use this tool
to import ontologies into Neo4j.

neosemantics only supports the Neo4j 4.0.x and 3.5.x series. It does not yet support the Neo4j 4.1.x series.

We can install neosemantics by following the instructions in the project installation guide .
→

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Both of these tools can be installed in Docker environments, and the project repository contains a
We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
docker-compose.yml le that shows how to do this.
→

content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 

What is a Knowledge
Accept Cookies Graph?
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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

There are many di erent de nitions of Knowledge Graphs . In this tutorial, the de nition of a

→
Knowledge Graph is a graph that contains the following:

Facts
Instance data. This would include graph data imported from any data source and could be
structured (e.g. JSON/XML) or semi structured (e.g. HTML)

Explicit Knowledge
Explicit description of how instance data relates. This comes from ontologies, taxonomies, or any
kind of metadata de nition.

Importing Wikidata Ontologies

Wikidata is a free and open knowledge base that can be read and edited by both
humans and machines. It acts as central storage for the structured data of its
Wikimedia sister projects including Wikipedia, Wikivoyage, Wiktionary, Wikisource, and
others.

Wikidata SPARQL API

Wikidata provides a SPARQL API that lets users query the data directly. The screenshot below
→

shows an example of a SPARQL query along with the results from running that query:

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Figure 3. Querying a Software Taxonomy in the Wikidata SPARQL API

This website uses cookies

This query starts

Wefrom the entity
use cookies Q2429814
to o er (Software
you a better browsing System)
experience, andsite
analyze then
tra transitively
c, personalize nds children of
→

content
that entity as far and serve
as it can. If wetargeted
run theads.  Learnwe
query about
gethow we use cookies
a stream and (subject,
of triples how you can
predicate, subject).
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 

Try out the SPARQL query

Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only
→

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

We’re now going to learn how to import Wikidata into Neo4j using neosemantics.

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

CREATE CONSTRAINT n10s_unique_uri ON (r:Resource) ASSERT r.uri IS UNIQUE;

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

CALL n10s.graphconfig.init({handleVocabUris: "MAP"});

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

call n10s.nsprefixes.add('neo','neo4j://voc#');
CALL n10s.mapping.add("neo4j://voc#subCatOf","SUB_CAT_OF");
CALL n10s.mapping.add("neo4j://voc#about","ABOUT");

Now we’re going to import the Wikidata taxonomies. We can get an importable URL directly from the
Wikidata SPARQL API, by clicking on the Code button:

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Figure 4. Getting an importable URI for a Wikidata SPARQL query
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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

We then pass that URL to the n10s.rdf.import.fetch procedure, which will import the stream of
triples into Neo4j.

The examples below contain queries that import taxonomies starting from Software Systems,
Programming Languages, and Data Formats.

Software systems taxonomy Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

WITH "https://query.wikidata.org/sparql?
query=prefix%20neo%3A%20%3Cneo4j%3A%2F%2Fvoc%23%3E%20%0A%23Cats%0A%23SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Flabe
l%20%0ACONSTRUCT%20%7B%0A%3Fitem%20a%20neo%3ACategory%20%3B%20neo%3AsubCatOf%20%3FparentItem%20
.%20%20%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20neo%3Aname%20%3Flabel%20.%0A%20%20%3FparentItem%20a%20neo%3ACategory%
3B%20neo%3Aname%20%3FparentLabel%20.%0A%20%20%3Farticle%20a%20neo%3AWikipediaPage%3B%20neo%3Aab
out%20%3Fitem%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%7D%0AWHERE%20%0A%7B%0A%20%20%3Fitem%
20(wdt%3AP31%7Cwdt%3AP279)*%20wd%3AQ2429814%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP31%7Cwdt%3AP279%20%3Fp
arentItem%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3Flabel%20.%0A%20%20filter(lang(%3Flabel)%20%3D
%20%22en%22)%0A%20%20%3FparentItem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FparentLabel%20.%0A%20%20filter(lang(%3Fp
arentLabel)%20%3D%20%22en%22)%0A%20%20%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Farticle%20
schema%3Aabout%20%3Fitem%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20schema%3AinLanguage%20%22e
n%22%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fptop.only.wip.la%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fen.wikipe
dia.org%2F%3E%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%0A%7D" AS softwareSystemsUri
CALL n10s.rdf.import.fetch(softwareSystemsUri, 'Turtle' , { headerParams: { Accept:
"application/x-turtle" } })
YIELD terminationStatus, triplesLoaded, triplesParsed, namespaces, callParams
RETURN terminationStatus, triplesLoaded, triplesParsed, namespaces, callParams;

Table 1. Results

terminationStatus triplesLoaded triplesParsed namespaces callParams

"OK" 1630 1630 NULL {headerParams:

{Accept:
"application/x-
turtle"}}

Programming languages taxonomy Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

WITH "https://query.wikidata.org/sparql?
query=prefix%20neo%3A%20%3Cneo4j%3A%2F%2Fvoc%23%3E%20%0A%23Cats%0A%23SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Flabe
This website uses cookies
l%20%0ACONSTRUCT%20%7B%0A%3Fitem%20a%20neo%3ACategory%20%3B%20neo%3AsubCatOf%20%3FparentItem%20
.%20%20%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20neo%3Aname%20%3Flabel%20.%0A%20%20%3FparentItem%20a%20neo%3ACategory%
We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
3B%20neo%3Aname%20%3FparentLabel%20.%0A%20%20%3Farticle%20a%20neo%3AWikipediaPage%3B%20neo%3Aab
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
out%20%3Fitem%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%7D%0AWHERE%20%0A%7B%0A%20%20%3Fitem%
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 
20(wdt%3AP31%7Cwdt%3AP279)*%20wd%3AQ9143%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP31%7Cwdt%3AP279%20%3Fpare
ntItem%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3Flabel%20.%0A%20%20filter(lang(%3Flabel)%20%3D%20
Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only
%22en%22)%0A%20%20%3FparentItem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FparentLabel%20.%0A%20%20filter(lang(%3Fpare

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

ntLabel)%20%3D%20%22en%22)%0A%20%20%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Farticle%20sch
ema%3Aabout%20%3Fitem%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20schema%3AinLanguage%20%22en%2
2%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fptop.only.wip.la%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fen.wikipedia
.org%2F%3E%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%0A%7D" AS programmingLanguagesUri
CALL n10s.rdf.import.fetch(programmingLanguagesUri, 'Turtle' , { headerParams: { Accept:
"application/x-turtle" } })
YIELD terminationStatus, triplesLoaded, triplesParsed, namespaces, callParams
RETURN terminationStatus, triplesLoaded, triplesParsed, namespaces, callParams;

Table 2. Results

terminationStatus triplesLoaded triplesParsed namespaces callParams

"OK" 9376 9376 NULL {headerParams:

{Accept:
"application/x-
turtle"}}

Data formats taxonomy Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

WITH "https://query.wikidata.org/sparql?
query=prefix%20neo%3A%20%3Cneo4j%3A%2F%2Fvoc%23%3E%20%0A%23Cats%0A%23SELECT%20%3Fitem%20%3Flabe
l%20%0ACONSTRUCT%20%7B%0A%3Fitem%20a%20neo%3ACategory%20%3B%20neo%3AsubCatOf%20%3FparentItem%20
.%20%20%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20neo%3Aname%20%3Flabel%20.%0A%20%20%3FparentItem%20a%20neo%3ACategory%
3B%20neo%3Aname%20%3FparentLabel%20.%0A%20%20%3Farticle%20a%20neo%3AWikipediaPage%3B%20neo%3Aab
out%20%3Fitem%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%0A%7D%0AWHERE%20%0A%7B%0A%20%20%3Fitem%
20(wdt%3AP31%7Cwdt%3AP279)*%20wd%3AQ24451526%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20wdt%3AP31%7Cwdt%3AP279%20%3F
parentItem%20.%0A%20%20%3Fitem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3Flabel%20.%0A%20%20filter(lang(%3Flabel)%20%3
D%20%22en%22)%0A%20%20%3FparentItem%20rdfs%3Alabel%20%3FparentLabel%20.%0A%20%20filter(lang(%3F
parentLabel)%20%3D%20%22en%22)%0A%20%20%0A%20%20OPTIONAL%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%3Farticle%2
0schema%3Aabout%20%3Fitem%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20schema%3AinLanguage%20%22
en%22%20%3B%0A%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20schema%3AisPartOf%20%3Chttps%3A%2F%2Fptop.only.wip.la%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fen.wikip
edia.org%2F%3E%20.%0A%20%20%20%20%7D%0A%20%20%0A%7D" AS dataFormatsUri
CALL n10s.rdf.import.fetch(dataFormatsUri, 'Turtle' , { headerParams: { Accept: "application/x-
turtle" } })
YIELD terminationStatus, triplesLoaded, triplesParsed, namespaces, callParams
RETURN terminationStatus, triplesLoaded, triplesParsed, namespaces, callParams;

Table 3. Results

terminationStatus triplesLoaded triplesParsed namespaces callParams

This website uses cookies
"OK" 514 514 NULL {headerParams:
We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
{Accept:
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
"application/x-
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 
turtle"}}
Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Viewing the taxonomy

Let’s have a look at what’s been imported. We can get an overview of the contents of our database by
running the following query:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

CALL apoc.meta.stats()
YIELD labels, relTypes, relTypesCount
RETURN labels, relTypes, relTypesCount;

Table 4. Results

labels relTypes relTypesCount

{Category: 2308, _NsPrefDef: 1, { ()-[:SUB_CAT_OF]→(:Resource) : {SUB_CAT_OF: 7272, _IN: 2, ABOUT:

_MapNs: 1, Resource: 3868, _MapDef: 3636, (:WikipediaPage)- 3120}
2, WikipediaPage: 1560, _GraphCon g: [:ABOUT]→() : 1560, (:Resource)-
1} [:ABOUT]→() : 1560, ()-
[:ABOUT]→(:Resource) : 1560, ()-
[:_IN]→() : 2, ()-
[:ABOUT]→(:Category) : 1560, ()-
[:SUB_CAT_OF]→(:Category) :
3636, ()-[:_IN]→(:_MapNs) : 2,
(:Resource)-[:SUB_CAT_OF]→() :
3636, (:_MapDef)-[:_IN]→() : 2,
()-[:SUB_CAT_OF]→() : 3636, ()-
[:ABOUT]→() : 1560, (:Category)-
[:SUB_CAT_OF]→() : 3636}

Any labels or relationships types that have a _prefix can be ignores as they represent meta data
created by the n10s library.

We can see that we’ve imported over 2,000 Category nodes and 1,700 WikipediaPage nodes.
Every node that we create using n10s will have a Resource label, which is why we have over 4,000
nodes with thisThis
label.
website uses cookies

We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
We also have more than
content and 7,000 ads.  Learnrelationship
SUB_CAT_OF
serve targeted about how wetypes connecting
use cookies and how the Category nodes and
you can
control them in
3,000 ABOUT relationship Cookie
types Settings. Bythe
connecting usingWikipediaPage
our site. you consentnodes
to our use of cookies. 
to the Category nodes.

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Let’s now have a look at some of the actual data that we’ve imported. We can look at the sub
categories of the version control node by running the following query:

Finding sub categories of version control Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

MATCH path = (c:Category {name: "version control system"})<-[:SUB_CAT_OF*]-(child)

RETURN path
LIMIT 25;

Rational Synergy

F
_O
AT
B_C
SU
Pijul
Sun WorkShop software
TeamWare configuration
manager
SUB_CAT_OF

Razor
SU

GNU Bazaar
B_

FishEye
SUB_CAT_
CA
T_

SU MKS Integrity
OF

OF
B_
CA
AT_

T_
OF
SU

OF

B_C

OF
B_

T_
CA

SU

distributed CA
T_

B_
…

SUB_CAT_OF revision control SU

camp system SUB_
CAT_O local version
F Breezy
… version control SUB_CAT_OF control system SUB_
F SU CAT_O
_O system F
AT SUB…
_C GNU RCS
SUB CADES SU
GNU arch
OF

OF

B_C
AT_
T_

SUB_CAT_

OF
CA
B_

SU
F

SUB_…
O

Fossil
SU

B_
T_

SU Dat
CA

CA

B_
B_

CA
T_
_OF

T_
SU

SUB_C

OF

OF
_CAT

AT_OF

BitKeeper
SUB

Git PVCS Code Co-op

Code Bisection
Symbolic
Stream
Generator

Source Code
Control System Autodesk Vault

Figure 5. Version Control Graph

So far, so good!

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Importing dev.to articles
We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
dev.to is a developer
control themblogging
in Cookie platform
Settings. Byand contains
using articles
our site. you ontoa our
consent variety
use ofofcookies. 
topics, including NoSQL
→

databases, JavaScript frameworks, the latest AWS API, chatbots, and more. A screenshot of the home
Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only
page is shown below:

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Figure 6. The dev.to home page

We’re going to import some articles from dev.to into Neo4j. articles.csv contains a list of 30
→

articles of interest. We can query this le using Cypher’s LOAD CSV clause:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'https://github.com/neo4j-examples/nlp-knowledge-

graph/raw/master/import/articles.csv' AS row
RETURN row This website uses cookies
LIMIT 10;
We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 
Table 5. Results
Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only
row

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

row

{uri: "https://dev.to/lirantal/securing-a-nodejs—rethinkdb—tls-setup-on-docker-containers"}

{uri: "https://dev.to/setevoy/neo4j-running-in-kubernetes-e4p"}

{uri: "https://dev.to/divyanshutomar/introduction-to-redis-3m2a"}

{uri: "https://dev.to/zaiste/15-git-commands-you-may-not-know-4a8j"}

{uri: "https://dev.to/alexjitbit/removing- les-from-mercurial-history-1b15"}

{uri: "https://dev.to/michelemauro/atlassian-sunsetting-mercurial-support-in-bitbucket-2ga9"}

{uri: "https://dev.to/shirou/back-up-prometheus-records-to-s3-via-kinesis- rehose-54l4"}

{uri: "https://dev.to/ionic/farewell-phonegap-re ections-on-my-hybrid-app-development-journey-10dh"}

{uri: "https://dev.to/rootsami/rancher-kubernetes-on-openstack-using-terraform-1ild"}

{uri: "https://dev.to/jignesh_simform/comparing-mongodb—mysql-bfa"}

We’re going to use APOC’s apoc.load.html procedure to scrape the interesting information from
→

each of these URIs. Let’s rst see how to use this procedure on a single article, as shown in the
following query:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

1
MERGE (a:Article {uri: "https://dev.to/lirantal/securing-a-nodejs--rethinkdb--tls-setup-on-
docker-containers"})
WITH a

2
CALL apoc.load.html(a.uri, {
body: 'body div.spec__body p',
title: 'h1',
time: 'time'
})
YIELD value

This website
UNWIND value.body AS itemuses cookies

3 We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
WITH a, content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
control them in Cookie Settings. By
apoc.text.join(collect(item.text), using
'') ASour site. you consent to our use of cookies. 
body,
value.title[0].text AS title,
Accept Cookies Use necessary
value.time[0].attributes.datetime cookies only
AS date

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

4
SET a.body = body , a.title = title, a.datetime = datetime(date)
RETURN a;

1 Create node with Article label and uri property if it doesn’t already exist

2 Scrape data from the URI using the provided CSS selectors

3 Post processing of the values returned from scrapping the URI

4 Update node with body, title, and datetime properties

Table 6. Results

(:Article {processed: TRUE, datetime: 2017-08-21T18:41:06Z, title: "Securing a Node.js + RethinkDB + TLS setup on
Docker containers", body: "We use RethinkDB at work across di erent projects. It isn’t used for any sort of big-data
applications, but rather as a NoSQL database, which spices things up with real-time updates, and relational tables
support.RethinkDB features an o cially supported Node.js driver, as well as a community-maintained driver as well
called rethinkdbdash which is promises-based, and provides connection pooling. There is also a database migration tool
called rethinkdb-migrate that aids in managing database changes such as schema changes, database seeding, tear up
and tear down capabilities.We’re going to use the o cial RethinkDB docker image from the docker hub and make use of
docker-compose.yml to spin it up (later on you can add additional services to this setup).A fair example for docker-
compose.yml:The compose le mounts a local tls directory as a mapped volume inside the container. The tls/ directory
will contain our cert les, and the compose le is re ecting this.To setup a secure connection we need to facilitate it
using certi cates so an initial technical step:Important notes:Update the compose le to include a command
con guration that starts the RethinkDB process with all the required SSL con gurationImportant notes:You’ll notice
there isn’t any cluster related con guration but you can add them as well if you need to so they can join the SSL
connection: — cluster-tls — cluster-tls-key /tls/key.pem — cluster-tls-cert /tls/cert.pem — cluster-tls-ca /tls/ca.pemThe
RethinkDB drivers support an ssl optional object which either sets the certi cate using the ca property, or sets the
rejectUnauthorized property to accept or reject self-signed certi cates when connecting. A snippet for the ssl
con guration to pass to the driver:Now that the connection is secured, it only makes sense to connect using a
user/password which are not the default.To set it up, update the compose le to also include the — initial-password
argument so you can set the default admin user’s password. For example:Of course you need to append this argument
to the rest of the command line options in the above compose le.Now, update the Node.js driver settings to use a user
and password to connect:Congratulations! You’re now eligible to “Ready for Production stickers.Don’t worry, I already
mailed them to your address.", uri: "https://dev.to/lirantal/securing-a-nodejs—rethinkdb—tls-setup-on-docker-
containers"})

This website uses cookies

We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
Now we’re going to import the other articles.
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 
We’ll use the apoc.periodic.iterate procedure so that we can parallelise this process. This
→

Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only

procedure takes in a data driven statement and an operation statement:

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

The data driven statement contains a stream of items to process, which will be the stream of URIs.

The operation statement de nes what to do to each of these items, which will be to call
apoc.load.html and create nodes with the Article label.

The nal parameter is for providing con g. We’re going to tell the procedure to process these items in
batches of 5 that can be run concurrently.

We can see the call to the procedure in the following example:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

CALL apoc.periodic.iterate(
"LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'https://github.com/neo4j-examples/nlp-knowledge-
graph/raw/master/import/articles.csv' AS row
RETURN row",
"MERGE (a:Article {uri: row.uri})
WITH a
CALL apoc.load.html(a.uri, {
body: 'body div.spec__body p',
title: 'h1',
time: 'time'
})
YIELD value
UNWIND value.body AS item
WITH a,
apoc.text.join(collect(item.text), '') AS body,
value.title[0].text AS title,
value.time[0].attributes.datetime AS date
SET a.body = body , a.title = title, a.datetime = datetime(date)",
{batchSize: 5, parallel: true}
)
YIELD batches, total, timeTaken, committedOperations
RETURN batches, total, timeTaken, committedOperations;

Table 7. Results

batches total timeTaken committedOperations

7 32 15 32

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We now have two disconnected

We use sub
cookies to o er yougraphs, which we
a better browsing can seeanalyze
experience, in the site
diagram below:
tra c, personalize
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 

Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Figure 7. Articles and Taxonomies Sub Graphs

On the left we have the Wikidata taxonomy graph, which represents the explicit knowledge in our
Knowledge Graph. And on the right we have the articles graph, which represents the facts in our
Knowledge Graph. We want to join these two graphs together, which we will do using NLP techniques.

Article Entity Extraction

In April 2020, the APOC standard library added procedures that wrap the NLP APIs
of each of the big cloud providers - AWS, GCP, and Azure. These procedures
→

extract text from a node property and then send that text to APIs that extract entities,
key phrases, categories, or sentiment.

We’re going to use the GCP Entity Extraction procedures on our articles. The GCP NLP API returns
→

Wikipedia pages for entities where those pages exist.

This website uses cookies
Before we do that we’ll need to create an API key that has access to the Natural Language API.
We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
Assuming that we’re
contentalready created
and serve targetedaads. 
GCP account,
Learn we we
about how can generate
use a key
cookies and how by
youfollowing
can the
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent
instructions at console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials to our
. Once use ofcreated
we’ve cookies.  a key, we’ll create
→

a parameter thatAccept
contains it:
Cookies Use necessary cookies only

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

:params key => ("<insert-key-here>")

We’re going to use the apoc.nlp.gcp.entities.stream procedure, which will return a stream of
entities found for the text content contained in a node property. Before running this procedure
against all of the articles, let’s run it against one of them to see what data is returned:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

MATCH (a:Article {uri: "https://dev.to/lirantal/securing-a-nodejs--rethinkdb--tls-setup-on-

docker-containers"})
CALL apoc.nlp.gcp.entities.stream(a, {
nodeProperty: 'body',
key: $key
})
YIELD node, value
SET node.processed = true
WITH node, value
UNWIND value.entities AS entity
RETURN entity
LIMIT 5;

Table 8. Results

entity

{name: "RethinkDB", salience: 0.47283632, metadata: {mid: "/m/0134hdhv", wikipedia_url:

"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RethinkDB"}, type: "ORGANIZATION", mentions: [{type: "PROPER", text: {content:
"RethinkDB", beginO set: -1}}, {type: "PROPER", text: {content: "RethinkDB", beginO set: -1}}, {type: "PROPER", text:
{content: "RethinkDB", beginO set: -1}}, {type: "PROPER", text: {content: "RethinkDB", beginO set: -1}}, {type: "PROPER",
text: {content: "pemThe RethinkDB", beginO set: -1}}]}

{name: "connection", salience: 0.04166339, metadata: {}, type: "OTHER", mentions: [{type: "COMMON", text: {content:
"connection", beginO set: -1}}, {type: "COMMON", text: {content: "connection", beginO set: -1}}]}

{name: "work", salience: 0.028608896, metadata: {}, type: "OTHER", mentions: [{type: "COMMON", text: {content: "work",
beginO set: -1}}]}

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{name: "projects", salience: 0.028608896, metadata: {}, type: "OTHER", mentions: [{type: "COMMON", text: {content:
"projects", beginO
Weset:
use-1}}]}
cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
{name: "database", salience:
control them0.01957906, metadata:
in Cookie Settings. {}, type:
By using our"OTHER",
site. you mentions:
consent to[{type:
our use"COMMON",
of cookies.  text: {content:
"database", beginO set: -1}}]}
Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Each row contains a name property that describes the entity. salience is an indicator of the
importance or centrality of that entity to the entire document text.

Some entities also contain a Wikipedia URL, which is found via the metadata.wikipedia_url key.
The rst entity, RethinkDB, is the only entity in this list that has such a URL. We’re going to lter the
rows returned to only include ones that have a Wikipedia URL and we’ll then connect the Article
nodes to the WikipediaPage nodes that have that URL.

Let’s have a look at how we’re going to do this for one article:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

MATCH (a:Article {uri: "https://dev.to/lirantal/securing-a-nodejs--rethinkdb--tls-setup-on-

docker-containers"})
CALL apoc.nlp.gcp.entities.stream(a, {
nodeProperty: 'body',
key: $key
})

1
YIELD node, value

SET node.processed = true

WITH node, value
UNWIND value.entities AS entity

2
WITH entity, node
WHERE not(entity.metadata.wikipedia_url is null)

3
MERGE (page:Resource {uri: entity.metadata.wikipedia_url})
SET page:WikipediaPage

4
MERGE (node)-[:HAS_ENTITY]->(page)

1 node is the article and value contains the extracted entities

2 Only include entities that have a Wikipedia URL

3 Find a nodeThis
thatwebsite
matchesuses cookies URL. Create one if it doesn’t already exist.
the Wikipedia

4 We use cookies
Create a HAS_ENTITY to o er youbetween
relationship a better browsing experience,
the Article node analyze site tra c, personalize
and WikipediaPage
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
We can see how running
control themthis querySettings.
in Cookie connects the article
By using our site.and taxonomy
you consent to oursub
use graphs by looking at the
of cookies. 
following Neo4j Browser visualization:
Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Securing a
Node.js +
RethinkDB +
HAS_ENTITY TLS setup on HAS_ENTITY
https://en.wikip… Docker https://en.wikip…
containers

AB
O
U

ABO
T

UT
RethinkDB

T_O
F NoSQL
_CA SU
database
SUB B_C
AT_
Distributed OF management
database system
management
system
free software

Figure 8. One article’s entity graph

Now we can run the entity extraction technique over the rest of the articles with help from the
apoc.periodic.iterate procedure again:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

CALL apoc.periodic.iterate(
"MATCH (a:Article)
WHERE not(exists(a.processed))
RETURN a",
"CALL apoc.nlp.gcp.entities.stream([item in $_batch | item.a], {
nodeProperty: 'body',
key: $key
})
YIELD node, value
SET node.processed = true
WITH node, value
UNWIND value.entities AS entity
WITH entity, node
WHERE not(entity.metadata.wikipedia_url is null)
MERGE (page:Resource {uri: entity.metadata.wikipedia_url})
SET page:WikipediaPage
MERGE (node)-[:HAS_ENTITY]->(page)",
{batchMode: "BATCH_SINGLE", batchSize: 10, params: {key: $key}})
YIELD batches, total, timeTaken, committedOperations
RETURN batches, total, timeTaken, committedOperations;

This website uses cookies

Table 9. Results
We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
batches content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how
total we use cookies and how youcommittedOperations
timeTaken can
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 
4 31 29 31
Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Querying the Knowledge Graph

It’s now time to query the Knowledge Graph.

Semantic Search

The rst query that we’re going to do is semantic search. The n10s.inference.nodesInCategory
procedure lets us search from a top level category, nding all its transitive sub categories, and then
returns nodes attached to any of those categories.

In our graph the nodes connected to category nodes are WikipediaPage nodes. We’ll therefore
need to add an extra MATCH clause to our query to nd the connected articles via the HAS_ENTITY
relationship type. We can see how to do this in the following query:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

MATCH (c:Category {name: "NoSQL database management system"})

CALL n10s.inference.nodesInCategory(c, {
inCatRel: "ABOUT",
subCatRel: "SUB_CAT_OF"
})
YIELD node
MATCH (node)<-[:HAS_ENTITY]-(article)
RETURN article.uri AS uri, article.title AS title, article.datetime AS date,
collect(n10s.rdf.getIRILocalName(node.uri)) as explicitTopics
ORDER BY date DESC
LIMIT 5;

Table 10. Results

uri title date explicitTopics

"https://dev.to/arthurolga/newsql-an- "NewSQL: An Implementation with 2020-08- ["NoSQL"]

implementation-with-google-spanner- Google Spanner" 10T16:01:25Z
2a86"

"https://dev.to/goaty92/designing- "Designing TinyURL: it’s more 2020-08- ["Apache_ZooKe

This website uses cookies
tinyurl-it-s-more-complicated-than- complicated than you think" 10T10:21:05Z eper"]
you-think-2a48"
We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
"https://dev.to/nipeshkc7/dynamodb- "DynamoDB: the basics" 2020-06- ["NoSQL",
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 
the-basics-360g" 02T04:09:36Z "Amazon_Dynam
Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only oDB"]

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

uri title date explicitTopics

"https://dev.to/subhransu/realtime- "Realtime Chat app using Kafka, 2020-04- ["Apache_ZooKe

chat-app-using-kafka-springboot- SpringBoot, ReactJS, and WebSockets" 25T23:17:22Z eper"]
reactjs-and-websockets-lc"

"https://dev.to/codaelux/running- "How to run DynamoDB O ine" 2020-03- ["NoSQL",

dynamodb-o ine-4k1b" 23T21:48:31Z "Amazon_Dynam
oDB"]

Although we’ve searched for NoSQL, we can see from the results that a couple of articles don’t link
directly to that category. For example, we have a couple of articles about Apache Zookeeper. We can
see how this category is connected to NoSQL by writing the following query:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

match path = (c:WikipediaPage)-[:ABOUT]->(category)-[:SUB_CAT_OF*]->(:Category {name: "NoSQL

database management system"})
where c.uri contains "Apache_ZooKeeper"
RETURN path;

Figure 9. Zookeeper to NoSQL

So Apache Zookeeper is actually a couple of levels away from the NoSQL category.

Similar Articles
This website uses cookies
Another thing that we can do with our Knowledge Graph is nd similar articles based on the entities
We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
that articles have in common. The simplest version of this query would be to nd other articles that
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
share commoncontrol
entities, asinshown
them Cookie in the following
Settings. query:
By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 

Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

MATCH (a:Article {uri: "https://dev.to/qainsights/performance-testing-neo4j-database-using-

bolt-protocol-in-apache-jmeter-1oa9"}),
path = (a)-[:HAS_ENTITY]->(wiki)-[:ABOUT]->(cat),
otherPath = (wiki)<-[:HAS_ENTITY]-(other)
return path, otherPath;

Figure 10. Finding similar articles

The Neo4j performance testing article is about Neo4j, and there are two other Neo4j articles that we
could recommend to a reader that liked this article.

We can also use the category taxonomy in our query. We can nd articles that share a common parent
category by writing the following query:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

MATCH (a:Article {uri: "https://dev.to/qainsights/performance-testing-neo4j-database-using-

bolt-protocol-in-apache-jmeter-1oa9"}),
entityPath = (a)-[:HAS_ENTITY]->(wiki)-[:ABOUT]->(cat),
path = (cat)-[:SUB_CAT_OF]->(parent)<-[:SUB_CAT_OF]-(otherCat),
otherEntityPath = (otherCat)<-[:ABOUT]-(otherWiki)<-[:HAS_ENTITY]-(other)
RETURN other.title, other.uri,
[(other)-[:HAS_ENTITY]->()-[:ABOUT]->(entity) | entity.name] AS otherCategories,
collect([node in nodes(path)
This website uses cookies| node.name]) AS pathToOther;

We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
Table 11. Results
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 
other.title other.uri otherCategories pathToOther
Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

other.title other.uri otherCategories pathToOther

"Couchbase GeoSearch "https://dev.to/ahmetkucuk ["ASP.NET", "Couchbase [["Neo4j", "proprietary

with ASP.NET Core" oglu/couchbase-geosearch- Server"] software", "Couchbase
with-asp-net-core-i04" Server"], ["Neo4j", "free
software", "ASP.NET"],
["Neo4j", "free software",
"Couchbase Server"]]

"The Ultimate Postgres vs "https://dev.to/dmfay/the- ["YAML", "Python", [["Neo4j", "proprietary

MySQL Blog Post" ultimate-postgres-vs-mysql- "JavaScript", "NoSQL software", "Microsoft SQL
blog-post-1l5f" database management Server"], ["Neo4j", "free
system", "Structured Query software", "PostgreSQL"]]
Language", "JSON",
"Extensible Markup
Language", "comma-
separated values",
"PostgreSQL", "MySQL",
"Microsoft SQL Server",
"MongoDB", "MariaDB"]

"5 Best courses to learn "https://dev.to/javinpaul/5- ["Java", "Scratch", "Scala", [["Neo4j", "free software",
Apache Kafka in 2020" best-courses-to-learn- "Apache ZooKeeper"] "Scratch"], ["Neo4j", "free
apache-kafka-in-2020- software", "Apache
584h" ZooKeeper"]]

"Building a Modern Web "https://dev.to/adamcowley ["TypeScript", "JavaScript", [["Neo4j", "free software",

Application with Neo4j and /building-a-modern-web- "Neo4j"] "TypeScript"]]
NestJS" application-with-neo4j-and-
nestjs-38ih"

"Securing a Node.js + "https://dev.to/lirantal/secu ["NoSQL database [["Neo4j", "free software",

RethinkDB + TLS setup on ring-a-nodejs—rethinkdb— management system", "RethinkDB"]]
Docker containers" tls-setup-on-docker- "RethinkDB"]
containers"

Note that in this query we’ll also returning the path from the initial article to the other article. So for
"Couchbase GeoSearch withuses
This website ASP.NET Core", there is a path that goes from the initial article to the
cookies
Neo4j category,We
from there to the proprietary software category, which is also a parent of the
use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
Couchbase Server Category,
content and servewhich the
targeted "Couchbase
ads.  Learn about GeoSearch with ASP.NET
how we use cookies Core"
and how you can article is connected
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 
to.
Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

This shows o another nice feature of Knowledge Graphs - as well as making a recommendation, it’s
easy to explain why it was made as well.

Adding a custom ontology

We might not consider proprietary software to be a very good measure of similarity between two
technology products. It would be unlikely that we’re looking for similar articles based on this type of
similarity.

But a common way that software products are connected is via technology stacks . We could

→
therefore create our own ontology containing some of these stacks.

nsmntx.org/2020/08/swStacks contains an ontology for the GRANDstack, MEAN Stack, and LAMP
→

Stack. Before we import this ontology, let’s setup some mappings in n10s:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

CALL n10s.nsprefixes.add('owl','http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#');
CALL n10s.nsprefixes.add('rdfs','http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#');
CALL n10s.mapping.add("http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf","SUB_CAT_OF");
CALL n10s.mapping.add("http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label","name");
CALL n10s.mapping.add("http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class","Category");

And now we can preview the import on the ontology by running the following query:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

CALL n10s.rdf.preview.fetch("http://www.nsmntx.org/2020/08/swStacks","Turtle");

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We use cookies to o er you a better browsing experience, analyze site tra c, personalize
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
control them in Cookie Settings. By using our site. you consent to our use of cookies. 

Accept Cookies Use necessary cookies only

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

AngularJS
MongoDB

React

SU
B_

…
CA

CA
T_

B_
OF

SU
Express.js

OF
SUB_C
Node.js
T_OF

T_
AT_OF
SUB_CA

CA
MEAN Stack

B_
SU
SU
B_ GraphQL
CA
T… OF
This CAT_
ontology SUB_
describes some MySQL GRAND Stack
of the most SUB SUB_…
_CA… Software Stack
popular SUB_CAT_
OF
Software SU
LAMP Stack B_C
stacks. AT_
OF

SU
SUB
_CA

B_
OF T_O Neo4j
T_ F

CA
CA
B_

T_O
SU SU
B_
CA

F
OF

T_
OF Linux
SUB_CAT_OF

SU
T_
CA

Python
B_
CA
B_
SU

T_
Apollo (Data
OF

Graph Platform)
MariaDB

Perl
Apache HTTP PHP
Server

Figure 11. Software Stacks Ontology

It looks good, so let’s import it by running the following query:

Cypher Copy to Clipboard Run in Neo4j Browser

CALL n10s.rdf.import.fetch("http://www.nsmntx.org/2020/08/swStacks","Turtle")
YIELD terminationStatus, triplesLoaded, triplesParsed, namespaces, callParams
RETURN terminationStatus, triplesLoaded, triplesParsed, namespaces, callParams;

Table 12. Results

terminationStatus triplesLoaded triplesParsed namespaces callParams

"OK" 58 58 NULL {}

We can now re-run the similarity query, which will now return the following results:
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Table 13. Results
content and serve targeted ads.  Learn about how we use cookies and how you can
other.title control them inother.uri
Cookie Settings. By using our otherCategories
site. you consent to our use of cookies. 
pathToOther

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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

other.title other.uri otherCategories pathToOther

"A Beginner’s Guide to "https://dev.to/leonardoms ["GraphQL", "JavaScript"] [["Neo4j", "GRAND Stack",

GraphQL" o/a-beginners-guide-to- "GraphQL"]]
graphql-3kjj"

"Learn how YOU can build a "https://dev.to/azure/learn- ["Node.js", "GraphQL"] [["Neo4j", "GRAND Stack",
Serverless GraphQL API on how-you-can-build-a- "GraphQL"]]
top of a Microservice serverless-graphql-api-on-
architecture, part I" top-of-a-microservice-
architecture-233g"

"The Ultimate Postgres vs "https://dev.to/dmfay/the- ["Structured Query [["Neo4j", "proprietary

MySQL Blog Post" ultimate-postgres-vs-mysql- Language", "Extensible software", "Microsoft SQL
blog-post-1l5f" Markup Language", Server"], ["Neo4j", "free
"PostgreSQL", "MariaDB", software", "PostgreSQL"]]
"JSON", "MySQL", "Microsoft
SQL Server", "MongoDB",
"comma-separated values",
"JavaScript", "YAML",
"Python", "NoSQL database
management system"]

"Couchbase GeoSearch "https://dev.to/ahmetkucuk ["ASP.NET", "Couchbase [["Neo4j", "proprietary

with ASP.NET Core" oglu/couchbase-geosearch- Server"] software", "Couchbase
with-asp-net-core-i04" Server"], ["Neo4j", "free
software", "ASP.NET"],
["Neo4j", "free software",
"Couchbase Server"]]

"Building a Modern Web "https://dev.to/adamcowley ["JavaScript", "TypeScript", [["Neo4j", "free software",

Application with Neo4j and /building-a-modern-web- "Neo4j"] "TypeScript"]]
NestJS" application-with-neo4j-and-
nestjs-38ih"

This time we’ve now got a couple of extra articles at the top about GraphQL, which is one of the tools
in the GRANDstack, of which Neo4j is also a part.
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12/17/2020 Tutorial: Build a Knowledge Graph using NLP and Ontologies - Developer Guides

Contents
Introduction

Video
Tools

APOC
neosemantics (n10s)

What is a Knowledge Graph?

Importing Wikidata Ontologies

Wikidata SPARQL API

Viewing the taxonomy

Importing dev.to articles

Article Entity Extraction

Querying the Knowledge Graph

Semantic Search

Similar Articles
Adding a custom ontology

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