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Fluid Machines (EG 616 ME) : Ram C. Poudel

This document provides an overview of fluid machines and turbomachinery. It defines key terms like turbomachine and discusses categories of turbomachines based on power transfer and flow direction. Fundamental laws of fluid mechanics that apply to turbomachines are outlined. Common types of machines for doing work on fluids like pumps and compressors and extracting work from fluids like hydraulic turbines are introduced and classified. Performance characteristics, dimensional analysis, and applications to fluid systems are summarized.

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40 views

Fluid Machines (EG 616 ME) : Ram C. Poudel

This document provides an overview of fluid machines and turbomachinery. It defines key terms like turbomachine and discusses categories of turbomachines based on power transfer and flow direction. Fundamental laws of fluid mechanics that apply to turbomachines are outlined. Common types of machines for doing work on fluids like pumps and compressors and extracting work from fluids like hydraulic turbines are introduced and classified. Performance characteristics, dimensional analysis, and applications to fluid systems are summarized.

Uploaded by

Crazy Hostelers
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fluid Machines (EG 616 ME)

Ram C. Poudel
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Pulchowk Campus

7 December 2012
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Turbo-machines
1.2 Hydraulic Machines
1.3 History of Development of
Water Wheels & Water Turbines
1.4 Water Wheels
Turbomachine

Device in which energy is transferred


either to or from a continuously
flowing fluid by the dynamic action
of one or more moving blades rows.

Turbo – turbinis – latin : which spins


or whirls around
Categories: Power

Those absorbs power to increase the


fluid pressure and head
• Fans, compressors, pumps etc
Those produce power by expanding
fluid to a lower pressure or head
• Wind, hydraulic, steam and gas turbines
Categories: Flow Direction
 Axial Flow Turbo-machine: Path of through-flow
is wholly or mainly parallel to the axis of rotation
 Radial Flow Turbo-machines: Path of through
flow is wholly or mainly in a plane perpendicular
to the rotational axis [ Figure 1.1c]
 Mixed flow Turbo-machines: The direction of
through flow at the rotor outlet when both radial
and axial velocity components are present in
significant amount [ Figure 1.1b]
Examples of Turbomachines
Coordinate Systems
Coordinate Systems
Relative Velocities
Fundamental Laws:

Continuity of Flow Equations


First law of Thermodynamics and
steady flow energy equations
Momentum Equation
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Definition of Efficiency
Isentropic Efficiency
Steam and Gas Turbines
Hydraulic Turbine
Compressors and Pumps
Compressors and Pumps …
Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines

 Positive Displacement
 Turbomachines
• Radial-Flow (Centrifugal)
• Axial-Flow
• Mixed-Flow
Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines

 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid


• Pumps
• Fans
• Blowers
• Compressors
Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines
Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines
Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines

 Machines for Extracting Work (Power)


from a Fluid
• Hydraulic Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)
• Gas Turbines (Impulse and Reaction)
Introduction and Classification
of Fluid Machines
 Machines for Extracting Work (Power)
from a Fluid
Turbomachinery Analysis
The Angular Momentum Principle

Apply to Control
Volume:
Momentum Equation
Moment of Momentum
Law of Moment of Momentum
Euler Work Equation: Pump
Euler Work Equation: Turbine
Euler Work Equation
Turbomachinery Analysis
Euler Turbomachine Equation

Mechanical Power:

Theoretical Head:
Rothalpy
Thank you!
Turbomachinery Analysis
Velocity Diagrams
Turbomachinery Analysis
Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump

• Negligible torque due to surface forces


(viscous and pressure).
• Inlet and exit flow tangent to blades.
• Uniform flow at inlet and exit.
• Zero inlet tangential velocity
Turbomachinery Analysis
Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump
(Continued)

Head Equation:

Shutoff Head:
Turbomachinery Analysis
Example: Idealized Centrifugal Pump
(Continued)
Turbomachinery Analysis
Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid

Hydraulic Power:

Pump Efficiency:
Turbomachinery Analysis
Machines for Extracting Work (Power)
from a Fluid
Hydraulic Power:

Turbine Efficiency:
Performance Characteristics
Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Performance Characteristics
Machines for Extracting Work (Power)
from a Fluid
Performance Characteristics
Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Flow Coefficient:

Head Coefficient:

Power Coefficient:
Performance Characteristics

Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Torque Coefficient:
Performance Characteristics
Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed

Specific Speed:

Specific Speed
(Customary Units):

Specific Speed
(Customary Units):
Performance Characteristics
Dimensional Analysis and Specific Speed
Performance Characteristics
Similarity Rules

For Dynamic Similarity:

… and …

… so …
Applications to Fluid Systems
Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pump Wear
Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pumps in Series
Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Pumps in Parallel
Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors
Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors
Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Fans, Blowers, and Compressors
Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Positive-Displacement Pumps
Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Doing Work on a Fluid
• Propellers

Speed of Advance Coefficient:

Thrust, Torque, Power Coefficients, and Propeller Efficiency


Applications to Fluid Systems
 Machines for Extracting Work (Power)
from a Fluid
• Hydraulic Turbines
• Wind-Power Machines
Thank you!

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