Rashidun Caliphate

Period: 632 – 661 A.D.

Total: 29 or 30 years.

Capital: Madina, 632 – 656.

Capital: Kufa, 656 – 661.

Capital Shifted from Madina to Kufa by Hazrat Ali in 656.

Religion: Sunni Islam.

1. Hazrat Abu Bakar : 632 – 634 A.D.

2. Hazrat Umar : 634 – 644 A.D.
3. Hazrat Uthman : 644 – 656 A.D
4. Hazrat Ali : 656 – 661 A.D

Umayyad Dynasty
Period: 661 – 750 A.D.

Total: 89 or 90 years.

Capital: Damascus: 661 – 744 A.D.

Capital: Harran: 744 – 750 A.D.

Founder: Hazrat Amir Muawiyah

Religion: Sunni Islam

Reign
Caliphs of Damascus
Muawiya I ibn Abu Sufyan 661–680
Yazid I ibn Muawiyah 680–683
Muawiya II ibn Yazid 683–684
Marwan I ibn al-Hakam 684–685
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan 685–705
al-Walid I ibn Abd al-Malik 705–715
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik 715–717
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz 717–720
Yazid II ibn Abd al-Malik 720–724
Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik 724–743
al-Walid II ibn Yazid 743–744
Yazid III ibn al-Walid 744
Ibrahim ibn al-Walid 744
Marwan II ibn Muhammad (ruled from Harran in the Jazira) 744–750.

Umayyad Spain

Emirs of Cordoba
Abd al-Rahman I 756–788
Hisham I 788–796
al-Hakam I 796–822
Abd ar-Rahman II 822–852
Muhammad I 852–886
Al-Mundhir 886–888
Abdallah ibn Muhammad 888–912
Abd ar-Rahman III 912–929
Caliphs of Cordoba
Abd ar-Rahman III, as caliph 929–961
Al-Hakam II 961–976
Hisham II 976–1008
Muhammad 1008–1009
Sulayman ibn al-Hakam 1009–1010
Hisham II, restored 1010–1012
Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, restored 1012–1017
Abd ar-Rahman IV 1021–1022
Abd ar-Rahman V 1022–1023
Muhammad III 1023–1024
Hisham III 1027–1031.

Abbasid Dynasty

Period: 750 – 1258 A.D.

Total: 508 years.

Capital: Kufa, 750 – 762 ,

Capital: Baghdad: 762 – 796 , 809 – 836 , 892 – 1258 ,

Capital: Ar Raqqah: 796 – 809 ,

Capital: Samarra: 836 – 892 ,

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Abul Abbas Saffah

Abbasid Caliphate
 AH AD
1 Abu'l Abbas As-Saffah 131–136 750–754
2 Al-Mansur 136–158 754–775
3 Al-Mahdi 158–169 775–785
4 Al-Hadi 169–170 785–786
5 Harun al-Rashid 170–193 786–809
6 Al-Amin 193–198 809–813
7 Al-Ma'mun 198–218 813–833
8 Al-Mu'tasim 218–227 833–842
9 Al-Wathiq 227–232 842–847
10 Al-Mutawakkil 232–247 847–861
11 Al-Muntasir 247–248 861–862
12 Al-Musta'in 248–252 862–866
13 Al-Mu'tazz 252–255 866–869
14 Al-Muhtadi 255–256 869–870
15 Al-Mu'tamid 257–279 870–892
16 Al-Mu'tadid 279–289 892–902
17 Al-Muktafi 289–295 902–908
18 Al-Muqtadir 295–320 908–932
19 Al-Qahir 320–322 932–934
20 Al-Radi 322–329 934–940
21 Al-Muttaqi 329–334 940–944
22 Al-Mustakfi 334–336 944–946
23 Al-Muti 336–363 946–974
24 At-Ta'i 363–381 974–991
25 Al-Qadir 382–422 991–1031
26 Al-Qa'im 422–468 1031–1075
27 Al-Muqtadi 468–487 1075–1094
28 Al-Mustazhir 487–512 1094–1118
29 Al-Mustarshid 512–530 1118–1135
30 Ar-Rashid 530–531 1135–1136
31 Al-Muqtafi 531–555 1136–1160
32 Al-Mustanjid 555–566 1160–1170
33 Al-Mustadi 566–576 1170–1180
34 An-Nasir 576–622 1180–1225
35 Az-Zahir 622–623 1225–1226
36 Al-Mustansir 623–640 1226–1242
37 Al-Musta'sim 640–656 1242–1258

Caliphs of Cairo AH AD
39 Al-Mustansir 659–660 1261–1262
40 Al-Hakim I (Cairo) 660–702 1262–1302
41 Al-Mustakfi I of Cairo 702–741 1303–1340
42 Al-Wathiq I 741–742 1340–1341
43 Al-Hakim II 742–753 1341–1352
44 Al-Mu'tadid I 753–764 1352–1362
45 Al-Mutawakkil I 764–785 1362–1383
46 Al-Wathiq II 785–788 1383–1386
47 Al-Mu'tasim 788–791 1386–1389
48 Al-Mutawakkil I (restored) 791–809 1389–1406
49 Al-Musta'in 809–817 1406–1414
50 Al-Mu'tadid II 817–845 1414–1441
51 Al-Mustakfi II 845–855 1441–1451
52 Al-Qa'im 855–859 1451–1455
53 Al-Mustanjid 859–884 1455–1479
54 Al-Mutawakkil II 884–902 1479–1497
55 Al-Mustamsik 902–914 1497–1508
56 Al-Mutawakkil III 914–923 1508–1517

Idrisid Dynasty

Period: 788 – 974

Total: 186 years

Capital:Walilli, 789 – 808 ,

Capital: Fez, 808 – 927 ,

Capital: Hajar an Nasar, 927 – 985 ,

Religion: Zaidi Shia Islam

Funder: Idris bin Abdullah 1

1.Idris I – (788–791)

2.Idris II – (791–828)

3.Muhammad ibn Idris – (828–836)

5.Ali ibn Muhammad, known as "Ali I" – (836–848)

6.Yahya ibn Muhammad, known as "Yahya I" – (848–864)

7.Yahya ibn Yahya, known as "Yahya II" – (864–874)

8.Ali ibn Umar, known as "Ali II" – (874–883)

9.Yahya ibn Al-Qassim, known as "Yahya III" – (883–904)

10.Yahya ibn Idris ibn Umar, known as "Yahya IV" – (904–917)

 Fatimid overlordship – (917-925)

11.Al-Hajjam al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qassim – (925–927)

12.Al Qasim Gannum – (937-948)

13.Abu l-Aish Ahmad – (948-954)

14.Al-Hasan ibn Guennoun, known as "Hassan II" – (954–974)

Fatmid Dynasty

Period: 909 – 1171

Total: 262 years

Capital: Raqqada, 909 – 921

Capital: Maddia, 921 – 948

Capital: Al Mansuriya, 948 – 973

Capital: Cairo, 973 – 1171

Religion: Ismaili Shia Islam

Founder: Abu Mohammad Abdullah Mahdi Billah,

1.Abū Muḥammad 'Abdul-Lāh al-Mahdī bi'llāh (909–934) founder Fatimid dynasty

2.Abū l-Qāsim Muḥammad al-Qā'im bi-Amr Allāh (934–946)

3.Abū Ṭāhir Ismā'il al-Manṣūr bi-llāh (946–953)

4.Abū Tamīm Ma'add al-Mu'izz li-Dīn Allāh (953–975) Egypt is conquered during his
reign

5.Abū Manṣūr Nizār al-'Azīz bi-llāh (975–996)

6.Abū 'Alī al-Manṣūr al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh (996–1021)

7.Abū'l-Ḥasan 'Alī al-Ẓāhir li-I'zāz Dīn Allāh (1021–1036)

8.Abū Tamīm Ma'add al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh (1036–1094)

9.al-Musta'lī bi-llāh (1094–1101) Quarrels over his succession led to the Nizari split.

10.al-Āmir bi-Aḥkām Allāh (1101–1130) The Fatimid rulers of Egypt after him are not
recognized as Imams by Mustaali/Taiyabi Ismailis.
 '11.Abd al-Majīd al-Ḥāfiẓ (1130–1149)

12.al-Ẓāfir (1149–1154)

13.al-Fā'iz (1154–1160)

14.al-'Āḍid (1160–1171).

Ggaznavid Dynasty

Period: 977 – 1186

Total: 196 years

Capital: Ghazna, 977 – 1163

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Sabuktigin

Succession
# Laqab Personal Name Reign Notes
right
1   Sabuktigin 977–997
son of
2   Ismail 997–998
Sabuktigin
Yamin ad-
Dawlah
first son of
3 Mahmud 998–1030
Sabuktigin
Right-hand man
of the state
Jalal ad-Dawlah
1030 second son
4 Muhammad
Dignity of the 1st reign of Mahmud
state
Was overthrown,
Shihab ad- imprisoned and
first son of
5 Dawlah Masud I 1030–1041 executed, following
Mahmud
the battle of
Dandanaqan
Jalal ad-Dawlah
Raised to the throne
1041 second son
— Muhammad following the removal
Dignity of the 2nd reign of Mahmud
of Masud I.
state
Defeated Muhammad
Shihab ad-
son of Masud at the battle of
6 Dawlah Mawdud 1041–1048
I Nangrahar and gained
the throne.[62]
7   Masud II 1048 son of
 Mawdud
Baha ad-Dawlah son of Masud
8 Ali 1048–1049
I
Izz ad-Dawlah fifth son of
9 Abd al-Rashid 1049–1052
Mahmud
Usurped the
Ghaznavid throne
Qiwam ad- Turkish
after massacring Abd
10 Dawlah Toghrul 1052–1053 mamluk
al-Rashid and eleven
general
other Ghaznavid
princes.[63]
Jamal ad-Dawlah
son of Masud
11 Farrukh-Zad 1053–1059
Beauty of the I
state
Zahir ad-Dawlah son of Masud
12 Ibrahim 1059–1099
I
Ala ad-Dawlah son of
13 Masud III 1099–1115
Ibrahim
Kamal ad- Murdered by his
son of Masud
14 Dawlah Shirzad 1115–1116 younger brother
III
Arslan ibn Mas'ud.[64]
Took the throne from
his older brother
Shirzad, but faced a
Sultan ad-Dawlah rebellion from his
son of Masud other brother Bahram
15 Arslan-Shah 1116–1117
Sultan of the III Shah, who was
state supported by the
sultan of the Great
Seljuq Empire, Ahmad
Sanjar.[65]
Under Bahram-Shah,
the Ghaznavid empire
became a tributary of
Yamin ad-
the Great Seljuq
Dawlah
son of Masud empire. Bahram was
16 Bahram Shah 1117–1157
III assisted by Ahmad
Right-hand man
Sanjar, sultan of the
of the state
Great Seljuq empire,
in securing his throne.
[66]

Muizz ad-Dawlah son of

17 Khusrau-Shah 1157–1160 Bahram-
Shah
18 Taj ad-Dawlah Khusrau Malik 1160–1186 son of
Khusrau-
 Crown of the
Shah
state

Safavid Dynasty

Period: 1501 – 1736

Total: 235 years

Capital: Tabriz, 1501 – 1555

Capital: Qazvin, 1555 – 1598

Capital: Isfahan, 1598 – 1736

Religion: Twelver Shia Islam

Founder: Shah Ismail 1

Safavid Rulers

1. Ismail I 1501–1524
2. Tahmasp I 1524–1576
3. Ismail II 1576–1578
4. Mohammad Khodabanda 1578–1587
5. Abbas I 1587–1629
6. Safi 1629–1642
7. Abbas II 1642–1666
8. Suleiman I 1666–1694
9. Sultan Husayn I 1694–1722
10. Tahmasp II 1722–1732
11. Abbas III 1732–1736.

Bahri Mumluk Dynasty

Period: 1250 – 1382

Total: 132 years

Capital: Cairo
Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Shajar al Durr

Titul Perso
Reign
ar Name(s) nal Name
al-Malikah
Ismat ad-Din Shajar al-
1250–1250
Umm-Khalil Durr

al-Malik al- Izz-ad-Din 1250–1257

Mu'izz Izz al- Aybak
Din Aybak al-
Jawshangir al-
Turkmani al-
Salihi
Sultan Al- Muzaffar-
1250–1252
Ashraf ad-Din Musa
Sultan Al-
Nur ad-Din
Mansur 1257–1259
Ali
Sultan Al-
Sayf ad-Din
Muzaffar 1259–1260
Qutuz
Sultan Abul-
Futuh – Rukn-ad-Din
1260–1277
Al-Zahir - Baibars I
Al-Bunduqdari -
Muhammad
Sultan Al-Sa'id Barakah
1277–1279
Nasir-ad-Din Khan

Badr-al-Din
Sultan Al-Adil 1279
Solamish
Al-Mansur –
Sayf-ad-Din
Al-Alfi - 1279–1290
Qalawun
As-Salehi -
Sultan Al- Salah-ad-
Ashraf Din Khalil 1290–1293

Nasir-ad-Din
Al-Nasir 1293–1294
Muhammad
(first reign)
Al-Adil Al-Turki Zayn-ad-Din
Al-Mughli Kitbugha 1294–1297

Husam-ad-
Al-Mansur
Din Lachin 1297–1299

Nasir-ad-Din
Al-Nasir 1299–1309
Muhammad
(Second reign)
Sultan Al-
Rukn-ad-Din
Muzaffar Al-
Baibars II 1309
Jashankir

Nasir-ad-Din
Al-Nasir 1309–1340
Muhammad
(Third reign)
Al-Mansur Sayf-ad-Din 1340–1341
Abu-Bakr
 Ala-ad-Din
Al-Ashraf
Kujuk 1341–1342

Shihab-ad-
Sultan Al-Nasir
Din Ahmad 1342

Imad-ad-Din
Sultan As-Saleh
Ismail 1342–1345

Sayf-ad-Din
Sultan Al-Kamil
Shaban I 1345–1346

Sultan Al- Sayf-ad-Din

Muzaffar Hajji I 1346–1347

Al-Nasir Abu Badr-ad-Din

1347–1351 (first
Al-Ma'ali Al-Hasan
reign)
Salah-ad-
Sultan As-Saleh Din bin
1351–1354
Muhammad

Al-Nasir Abu
Badr-ad-Din
Al-Ma'ali 1354–1361 (second
Al-Hasan
Nasir-ad-Din reign)

Salah-ad-
Al-Mansur Din
1361–1363
Muhammad

Al-Ashraf Abu Zayn-ad-Din

Al-Ma'ali Shaban II 1363–1376

Ala-ad-Din
Al-Mansur Ali 1376–1382

Salah-ad-
Sultan As-Saleh Sumit Bahri
Din Hajji II 1382

Sayf-ad-Din
Al-Zahir
Barquq 1382–1389

Sultan As-Saleh
Salah-ad-
Al-Muzaffar Al-
Din Hajji II 1389
Mansur

Burji dynasty takes over Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) under Sayf-ad-Din Barquq in 1389–
90 C.E.
 Burji Mumluk Dynasty

Period: 1382 – 1517

Total: 189 years

Capital: Cairo

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Shajar al Durr

Titular Name(s) Personal Name Reign

Al-Zahir Sayf-ad-Din Barquq 1382–1389
first reign
Sultan As-Saleh Al-Muzaffar Al-Mansur Salah-ad-Din Hajji II
1389
Al-Zahir Sayf-ad-Din Barquq 1390–1399
second reign
Al-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din Faraj 1399–1405
first reign
Al-Mansur Izz-ad-Din Abdal-Aziz
1405
Al-Nasir Nasir-ad-Din Faraj 1405–1412
second reign
Al-Adil Al-Musta'in Billah
1412
Al-Mu'ayyad Sayf-ad-Din Tatar I
1412–1421
Al-Muzaffar Ahmad
1421
Al-Zahir Sayf-ad-Din Tatar II
1421
As-Saleh Nasir-ud-din Muhammad
1421–1422
Al-Ashraf Sayf-ad-Din Barsbay
1422–1437
Al-Aziz Jamal-ad-Din Yusuf
1437–1438
Al-Zahir Sayf-ad-Din Jaqmaq
1438–1453
Al-Mansur Fakhr-ad-Din Uthman
1453
Al-Ashraf Sayf ad-Din Inal
1453–1461
Al-Mu'ayyad Shihab-ad-Din Ahmad
1461
 Al-Zahir Sayf-ad-Din Khushqadam
1461–1467
Al-Zahir Sayf-ad-Din Bilbay
1467
Al-Zahir Taimur Bugha
1467–1468
Al-Ashraf Sayf-ad-Din Qait Bay
1468–1496
Al-Nasir Muhammad bin Qait Bay 1496–1497
first reign
Al-Zahir Qansuh Al-Burji
1497
Al-Nasir Muhammad bin Qait Bay 1497–1498
second reign
Al-Zahir Qansuh Al-Ashrafi
1498–1500
Al-Ashraf Janbalat
1500–1501
Al-Adil Sayf-ad-Din Tuman Bay I
1501
Al-Ashraf Qansuh Al-Ghawri
1501–1516
Al-Ashraf Tuman Bay II
1516–1517
Burji dynasty of the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) falls to Ottoman Empire under Sultan Selim I
in 1517C.E.
Mumluk Dynasty
Period: 1250 – 1517

Total: 321 years

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Shajar al Durr

Seljuk Empire
Period: 1037 – 1194

Total: 157 years

Capital: Nishapur, 1037 – 1043

Capital: Rey, 1043 – 1051

Capital: Isfahan, 1051 – 1118

Western Capital: Hamadan, 1118 – 1194

Eastern Caoital: Merv, 1118 – 1153

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Tughril Bey

Throne
Laqab Laqab Reign
name
Rukn ad-Dunya
Toghrul
1 wa ad-Din 1037-1063
-Beg
Diya ad-Dunya
Alp
2 wa ad-Din Adud 1063–1072
Arslan
ad-Dawlah
Muizz ad-Dunya
wa ad-Din Jalal Malik-
3 1072–1092
ad-Dawlah Shah I

Nasir ad-Dunya
Mahmu
4 wa ad-Din 1092–1094
dI
Rukn ad-Dunya
Barkiya
5 wa ad-Din 1094-1105
ruq
Rukn ad-Dunya
wa ad-Din Jalal Malik-
6 1105
ad-Dawlah Shah II

Ghiyath ad-
Dunya wa ad-
7 Tapar 1105–1118
Din

Mughith ad-
Dunya wa ad-
Mahmu
8 Din Jalal ad- 1118–1131
d II
Dawlah

Muizz ad-Dunya
wa ad-Din Adud
9 Sanjar 1118–1153
ad-Dawlah

Ghiyath ad-
Dunya wa ad-
10 Dawud 1131–1132
Din

Rukn ad-Dunya
Toghrul
11 wa ad-Din 1132–1135
II
12 Ghiyath ad- Masud 1135–1152
 Dunya wa ad-
Din

Muin ad-Dunya
Malik-
13 wa ad-Din 1152–1153
Shah III
Rukn ad-Dunya
Muham
14 wa ad-Din 1153–1159
mad
Ghiyath ad-
Dunya wa ad- Suleima
15 1159–1160
Din n-Shah

Muizz ad-Dunya
Arslan-
16 wa ad-Din 1160–1176
Shah
Rukn ad-Dunya Toghrul 1176–1191
17
wa ad-Din III 1st reign
Muzaffar ad-
Qizil
18 Dunya wa ad- 1191
Arslan
Din
Rukn ad-Dunya Toghrul 1192–1194
19
wa ad-Din III 2nd reign

Aghlabid Dynasty

Period: 800 – 909

Total: 109 years

Capital: Kairouan

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Ibrahim bin Aghlab 1.

Rulers

1.Ibrahim I ibn al-Aghlab ibn Salim (800–812)

2.Abdallah I ibn Ibrahim (812–817)

3.Ziyadat Allah I ibn Ibrahim(817–838)

4.al-Aghlab Abu Iqal ibn Ibrahim (838–841)

5.Abu 'l-Abbas Muhammad I ibn al-Aghlab Abi Affan (841–856)

 6.Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Aghlabi (856–863)

7.Ziyadat Allah II ibn Abil-Abbas (863)

8.Abu 'l-Gharaniq Muhammad II ibn Ahmad (863–875)

9.Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II ibn Ahmad (875–902)

10.Abu 'l-Abbas Abdallah II ibn Ibrahim (902–903)

11.Abu Mudhar Ziyadat Allah III ibn Abdallah (903–909).

Hamadanid Dynasty

Period: 890 – 1004

Total: 114 years

Capital: Mousil

Religion: Shia Islam

Ethnicity: Arab

Founder: Hamdan ibn Hamdun.

Rulers

Hamdanids in Al-Jazira

1.Hamdan ibn Hamdun

2.al-Husayn ibn Hamdan (895-916)

3.Abdallah ibn Hamdan (906-929)

4.Nasir al-Dawla (929-967)

5.Abu Taghlib (967-978)

6.Abu Tahir Ibrahim ibn al-Hasan (989-997)

7.Abu Abdallah al-Husayn ibn al-Hasan (989-997)

Hamdanids in Aleppo

1.Sayf al-Dawla (945-967)

 2.Sa'd al-Dawla (967-991)

3.Sa'id al-Dawla (991-1002)

Samanid Dynasty

Period: 819 – 1000, 999,

Total: 181 years

Capital: Samarqand, 819 – 892

Capital: Bukhara, 892 – 1000, 999

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Nasar bin Ahmad

Rulers

1.Nuh ibn Asad

819–841/2
2.Ahmad ibn Asad
819–864/5

3.Yahya ibn Asad

819–855

4.Ilyas ibn Asad

819–856

5.Ahmad ibn Asad

819–864/5

6.Ibrahim ibn Ilyas

856–867

6.Abu Ibrahim Isma'il ibn Ahmad

892–907
7.Nasr I
864–892

8.Ya'qub ibn Ahmad

9.Abu Ibrahim Isma'il ibn Ahmad
892–907

10.Ahmad ibn Isma'il

907–914
11.Nasr II
914–943
12.Nuh I
943–954
13.Ibrahim ibn Ahmad
947
14.Abd al-Malik bin Nuh I
954–961
15.Abu Salih Mansur ibn Nuh I
961–976
16.Nuh ibn Mansur
976–997
17.Abd al-Aziz
992
18.Abu'l-Harith Mansur ibn Nuh II
997–999
19.Abd al-Malik ibn Nuh II
999
20.Isma'il Muntasir ibn Nuh II
1000 – 1005
Tulunid Dynasty
Period: 868 – 905

Total: 37 years

Capital: Al Qattai

Founder: Ahmad bin Tulun

Capital move from Fustat to al Qattai

Rulers

Ahmad ibn Tulun

868 - 884 CE
Khumarawayh ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun
884 - 896 CE
Jaysh ibn Khumarawayh
896 CE
Harun ibn Khumarawayh
896 - 904 CE
Shayban ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun
904 - 905 CE
 Ikhshidid Dynasty
Period: 935 – 969

Total: 34

Capital: Fustat

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Mohammad bin Tughj al Ikhshid

Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid

935 - 946
Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid
946 - 961
Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Ikhshid
961 - 966
Abu'l-Misk Kafur
966 - 968
Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali ibn al-Ikhshid 968 – 969

Nasrid Dynasty
Period: 1238 – 1492

Total: 254 years

Capital: Gharnada

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Mohammad bin Nasar 1

Rulers

Muhammed I ibn Nasr (1238–1272)

Muhammed II al-Faqih (1273–1302)

Muhammed III (1302–1309)

Nasr (1309–1314)

Ismail I (1314–1325)

Muhammed IV (1325–1333)

Yusuf I (1333–1354)

Muhammed V (1354–1359, 1362–1391)

Ismail II (1359–1360)

Muhammed VI (1360–1362)

Yusuf II (1391–1392)

Muhammed VII (1392–1408)

Yusuf III (1408–1417)

Muhammed VIII (1417–1419, 1427–1429)

Muhammed IX (1419–1427, 1430–1431, 1432–1445, 1448–1453)

Yusuf IV (1432)

Yusuf V (1445–1446, 1462)

Muhammed X (1446–1448)

Muhammed XI (1453–1454)

Said (1454–1464)

Abu l-Hasan Ali, known as Muley Hacén (1464–1482, 1483–1485)

Abu 'abd Allah Muhammed XII, known as Boabdil (1482–1483, 1486–1492)

Abū `Abd Allāh Muhammed XIII, known as El Zagal (1485–1486).

Zengid Dynasty

Period: 1127 – 1250

Total: 123 years

Capital: Aleppo

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Imaduddin Zengi

Zengid Atabegs and Emirs of Mosul

Imad ad-Din Zengi I 1127-1146

Saif ad-Din Ghazi I 1146-1149

Qutb ad-Din Mawdud 1149-1170

Saif ad-Din Ghazi II 1170-1180

Izz ad-Din Mas'ud 1180-1193

Nur ad-Din Arslan Shah I 1193-1211

Izz ad-Din Mas'ud II 1211-1218

Nur ad-Din Arslan Shah II 1218-1219

Nasir ad-Din Mahmud 1219-1234

Badr al-Din Lu'lu' 1234-1259

Zengid Emirs of Aleppo

Imad ad-Din Zengi I 1128-1146

Nur ad-Din Mahmud 1146-1174

As-Salih Ismail al-Malik 1174-1181

Imad ad-Din Zengi II 1181-1183

Zengid Emirs of Damascus

Nur ad-Din Mahmud 1154-1174

As-Salih Ismail al-Malik 1174

Zengid Emirs of Sinjar (in Northern Iraq)

Imad ad-Din Zengi II 1171-1197

Qutb ad-Din Muhammad 1197-1219

Imad ad-Din Shahanshah 1219-1220

Jalal ad-Din Mahmud 1219-1220

Fath ad-Din Umar 1219-1220

Zengid Emirs of Jazira (in Northern Iraq)

Mu'izz ad-Din Sanjar Shah 1180-1208

Mu'izz ad-Din Mahmud 1208-1241

Mahmud Al-Malik Al-Zahir 1241-1250.

 Ayyubid Dynasty
Period: 1171 – 1260

Total: 89 years

Capital: Cairo

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Salahuddin Ayyubi

Sultans of Egypt
Salah al-Din ibn Ayyub 1174–1193

Al-Aziz Uthman 1193–1198

Al-Mansur Nasir al-Din Muhammad 1198–1200

Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I 1200–1218

Al-Kamil 1218–1238

Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II 1238–1240

As-Salih Ayyub 1240–1249

Al-Mu'azzam Turan-Shah 1249–1250

Al-Ashraf Musa, Sultan of Egypt 1250–1254 (nominally, actually the Mamluk Aybak
ruled)

Sultans and Emirs of Damascus

Salah al-Din ibn al-Ayyub 1174–1193

Al-Afdal ibn Salah al-Din 1193–1196

Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr I 1196–1218

Al-Mu'azzam Sharaf al-Din Isa 1218–1227

An-Nasir Dawud 1227–1229

Al-Ashraf Musa 1229–1237

As-Salih Ismail 1237–1238

 Al-Kamil 1238

Al-Adil Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr II 1238–1239

As-Salih Ayyub 1239

As-Salih Ismail (2nd time) 1239–1245

As-Salih Ayyub (2nd time) 1245–1249

Al-Muazzam Turanshah 1249–1250

An-Nasir Yusuf 1250–1260

Emirs of Aleppo
Salah al-Din ibn al-Ayubbi 1183–1193

Az-Zahir Ghazi 1193–1216

Al-Aziz Muhammad 1216–1236

An-Nasir Yusuf 1236–1260.

Tahirid Dynasty

Period: 821 – 873

Total: 52 years

Capital: Merv, later Nishapur

Religion: Sunni Islam

Founder: Tahir bin Husayn

Tahir ibn Husayn 821-822

Talha ibn Tahir 822-828
Abdallah ibn Tahir al-Khurasani 828-845
Tahir (II) ibn Abdallah 845-862
Muhammad ibn Tahir (II) 862-873