PVSYST V6.

81 02/09/20 Page 1/5

Stand alone system: Simulation parameters

Project : New Project
Geographical Site Qammarab Country Sudan
Situation Latitude 15.50° N Longitude 32.42° E
Time defined as Legal Time Time zone UT+2 Altitude 370 m
Albedo 0.20
Meteo data: Qammarab Meteonorm 7.2 - Synthetic

Simulation variant : New simulation variant

Simulation date 02/09/20 13h33

Simulation parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries

Collector Plane Orientation Tilt 38° Azimuth 0°
Models used Transposition Perez Diffuse Perez, Meteonorm
User's needs : Daily household consumers Constant over the year
average 25.9 kWh/Day

PV Array Characteristics
PV module Si-poly Model Poly 250 WP 60 cells
Original PVsyst database Manufacturer Jiangsu Linyang
Number of PV modules In series 3 modules In parallel 9 strings
Total number of PV modules Nb. modules 27 Unit Nom. Power 250 Wp
Array global power Nominal (STC) 6.75 kWp At operating cond. 6.00 kWp (50°C)
Array operating characteristics (50°C) U mpp 80 V I mpp 75 A
Total area Module area 43.4 m² Cell area 39.4 m²

System Parameter System type Stand alone system

Battery Model Open 12V / 100 Ah
Manufacturer Generic
Battery Pack Characteristics Nb. of units 4 in series x 51 in parallel
Voltage 48 V Nominal Capacity 5100 Ah
Discharging min. SOC 20.0 % Stored energy 195.8 kWh
Temperature Fixed (20°C)
Controller Model SmartSolar MPPT 150/100 48V
Manufacturer Victron Nb. units 2
Technology MPPT converter Temp coeff. -2.7 mV/°C/elem.
Converter Maxi and EURO efficiencies 98.0 / 96.0 %
Battery Management control Threshold commands as Battery voltage
Charging 53.3 / 50.1 V Corresp. SOC 0.92 / 0.75
Discharging 47.1 / 48.9 V Corresp. SOC 0.19 / 0.45

PV Array loss factors

Thermal Loss factor Uc (const) 20.0 W/m²K Uv (wind) 0.0 W/m²K / m/s
Wiring Ohmic Loss Global array res. 18 mOhm Loss Fraction 1.5 % at STC
Serie Diode Loss Voltage Drop 0.7 V Loss Fraction 0.8 % at STC
Module Quality Loss Loss Fraction -0.5 %
Module Mismatch Losses Loss Fraction 1.0 % at MPP
Strings Mismatch loss Loss Fraction 0.10 %
Incidence effect, ASHRAE parametrization IAM = 1 - bo (1/cos i - 1) bo Param. 0.05
PVSYST V6.81 02/09/20 Page 2/5

Stand alone system: Detailed User's needs

Project : New Project
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
PV Field Orientation tilt 38° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model Poly 250 WP 60 cells Pnom 250 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 27 Pnom total 6.75 kWp
Battery Model Open 12V / 100 Ah Technology Lead-acid, vented, plates
Battery Pack Nb. of units 204 Voltage / Capacity 48 V / 5100 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 9440 kWh/year

Daily household consumers, Constant over the year, average = 25.9 kWh/day

Annual values

Number Power Use Energy

Lamps (LED or fluo) 2 60 W/lamp 6 h/day 720 Wh/day
Heater 2 1000 W tot 12 h/day 24000 Wh/day
Pump 1 373 W tot 3 h/day 1119 Wh/day
Stand-by consumers 24 h/day 24 Wh/day
Total daily energy 25863 Wh/day

Hourly profile
2500
[%]
enegy

2000

1500
daily

1000
of
Fraction

500

0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
PVSYST V6.81 02/09/20 Page 3/5

Stand alone system: Main results

Project : New Project
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
PV Field Orientation tilt 38° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model Poly 250 WP 60 cells Pnom 250 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 27 Pnom total 6.75 kWp
Battery Model Open 12V / 100 Ah Technology Lead-acid, vented, plates
Battery Pack Nb. of units 204 Voltage / Capacity 48 V / 5100 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 9440 kWh/year

Main simulation results

System Production Available Energy 11889 kWh/year Specific prod. 1761 kWh/kWp/year
Used Energy 9440 kWh/year Excess (unused) 1771 kWh/year
Performance Ratio PR 60.55 % Solar Fraction SF 100.00 %
Loss of Load Time Fraction 0.0 % Missing Energy 0 kWh/year
Battery ageing (State of Wear) Cycles SOW 99.2% Static SOW 90.0%
Battery lifetime 10.0 years

Normalized productions (per installed kWp): Nominal power 6.75 kWp Performance Ratio PR and Solar Fraction SF

10 1.2
Lu : Unused energy (battery full) 0.72 kWh/kWp/day PR : Performance Ratio (Yf / Yr) : 0.606
1.1
Lc : Collection Loss (PV-array losses) 1.37 kWh/kWp/day SF : Solar Fraction (ESol / ELoad) : 1.000
Ls : System losses and battery charging 0.41 kWh/kWp/day 1.0
8
[kWh/kWp/day]

Yf : Energy supplied to the user 3.83 kWh/kWp/day

0.9
Performance Ratio PR

0.8
6 0.7
Energy

0.6

4 0.5
Normalized

0.4

0.3
2
0.2

0.1

0 0.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

New simulation variant

Balances and main results

GlobHor GlobEff E_Avail EUnused E_Miss E_User E_Load SolFrac

kWh/m² kWh/m² kWh kWh kWh kWh kWh

January 178.1 233.2 1240 264.8 0.000 801.8 801.8 1.000

February 176.1 203.8 1077 309.3 0.000 724.2 724.2 1.000
March 209.9 208.1 1094 217.1 0.000 801.8 801.8 1.000
April 215.4 180.4 945 93.0 0.000 775.9 775.9 1.000
May 211.9 154.4 817 11.5 0.000 801.8 801.8 1.000
June 192.1 133.7 720 0.1 0.000 775.9 775.9 1.000
July 197.9 141.9 772 0.0 0.000 801.8 801.8 1.000
August 198.0 159.3 861 0.0 0.000 801.8 801.8 1.000
September 189.2 175.0 925 0.0 0.000 775.9 775.9 1.000
October 185.5 202.4 1055 186.4 0.000 801.8 801.8 1.000
November 173.4 219.7 1150 326.7 0.000 775.9 775.9 1.000
December 171.1 233.1 1233 362.5 0.000 801.8 801.8 1.000

Year 2298.7 2245.0 11889 1771.4 0.000 9440.0 9440.0 1.000

Legends: GlobHor Horizontal global irradiation E_Miss Missing energy

GlobEff Effective Global, corr. for IAM and shadings E_User Energy supplied to the user
E_Avail Available Solar Energy E_Load Energy need of the user (Load)
EUnused Unused energy (battery full) SolFrac Solar fraction (EUsed / ELoad)
PVSYST V6.81 02/09/20 Page 4/5

Stand alone system: Special graphs

Project : New Project
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
PV Field Orientation tilt 38° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model Poly 250 WP 60 cells Pnom 250 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 27 Pnom total 6.75 kWp
Battery Model Open 12V / 100 Ah Technology Lead-acid, vented, plates
Battery Pack Nb. of units 204 Voltage / Capacity 48 V / 5100 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 9440 kWh/year

Daily Input/Output diagram

50
Effective energy at the output of the array [kWh/day]

Values from 01/01 to 31/12

40

30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
Global incident in coll. plane [kWh/m².day]
PVSYST V6.81 02/09/20 Page 5/5

Stand alone system: Loss diagram

Project : New Project
Simulation variant : New simulation variant
Main system parameters System type Stand alone system with batteries
PV Field Orientation tilt 38° azimuth 0°
PV modules Model Poly 250 WP 60 cells Pnom 250 Wp
PV Array Nb. of modules 27 Pnom total 6.75 kWp
Battery Model Open 12V / 100 Ah Technology Lead-acid, vented, plates
Battery Pack Nb. of units 204 Voltage / Capacity 48 V / 5100 Ah
User's needs Daily household consumers Constant over the year Global 9440 kWh/year

Loss diagram over the whole year

2299 kWh/m² Horizontal global irradiation

+0.5% Global incident in coll. plane

-2.80% IAM factor on global

2245 kWh/m² * 43 m² coll. Effective irradiation on collectors

efficiency at STC = 15.59% PV conversion

15181 kWh Array nominal energy (at STC effic.)

-0.28% PV loss due to irradiance level

-16.90% PV loss due to temperature

+0.50% Module quality loss

-1.10% Mismatch loss, modules and strings

-2.24% Ohmic wiring loss

-14.49% Unused energy (battery full)

10452 kWh Effective energy at the output of the array

-2.92% Converter Loss during operation (efficiency)

-0.28% Converter Loss over nominal conv. power
-0.02% Converter Loss due to power threshold
0.00% Converter Loss over nominal conv. voltage
0.00% Converter Loss due to voltage threshold
10117 kWh Converter losses (effic, overload)
Direct use Stored Battery Storage
Missing 60.1% 39.9% +1.03% Battery Stored Energy balance
energy
0.00% -1.82% Battery efficiency loss
0.0 kWh
-1.14% Charge/Disch. Current Efficiency Loss
-2.97% Gassing Current (electrolyte dissociation)
-0.89% Battery Self-discharge Current
9440 kWh Energy supplied to the user

9440 kWh Energy need of the user (Load)