Introduction to Compute

Virtualization
Copyright © 2019 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
 Foreword
 Cloud computing 1.0 focused on virtualization which today has become
the foundation of cloud computing. This chapter focuses on the
architecture and technologies involved in compute virtualization.

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 Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will:
 Be able to describe what virtualization is.

 Understand the differences between virtualization and cloud computing.

 Understand KVM technology.

 Understand Huawei’s FusionSphere virtualization solution.

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 Contents
1. Introduction to Virtualization

2. Introduction to KVM

3. Introduction to FusionCompute

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 What’s a Virtual Machine (VM)?

How is a virtual
machine
created?

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 What’s Virtualization?

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 A Brief History of Compute Virtualization

2007 2014
HP launched HP-UX Rocket was launched.
1964 Integrity VMs. 2008
IBM began to Microsoft added

explore virtualization 2006 Hyper-V in Windows 2013

on mainframes. Server 2008 R2.
Qumranet first Docker was launched.
1972 announced KVM. 2008
IBM launched VMs Linux Container LXC

running on 2002 was launched. 2011

mainframes. Xen was officially IBM, Red Hat, HP, and
1999 open sourced. 2008 Intel formed the Open

By default, RHEL 6.0 Virtualization Alliance

VMware launched x86-
supported KVM as the to accelerate KVM
based virtualization
only virtualization option. adoption.
products.

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 Important Concepts in Compute
Virtualization
Guest OS:
Physical Server Virtual Machine
Operating system running in a virtual machine
Application Application (VM)

Guest Machine:
Host OS Guest OS
Virtual machine created through virtualization

Hypervisor:
Guest Machine
Virtualization software layer, or
Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM)
Monitor
(Hypervisor)
Host OS:

Host Machine Host Machine Operating system running in a physical machine

Host Machine:

Physical machine
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 Types of Compute Virtualization

App App

App App App Guest OS Guest OS

Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS VM VM

VM VM VM App VMM

VMM Host OS

Hardware Hardware

Bare-Metal Virtualization Hosted Virtualization

(Type 1) (Type 2)

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 Characteristics of Virtualization

Guest OS Guest OS Guest OS

Host OS

Partitioned Isolated
Encapsulated Independen
t VM VM

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 CPU Virtualization
Full virtualization Paravirtualization

Application Application
Ring 3 Ring 3

Ring 2 Ring 2

Paravirtualized
Guest OS
Ring 1 Ring 1 Guest OS

Hypervisor Hypervisor
Ring 0 Ring 0

Hardware Hardware

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 Memory Virtualization

VM1 VM2 VM3 VM4

VM memory
Host
memory

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 I/O Virtualization
 Emulation [Full Virtualization]: Complete simulation of the hardware, for example,
keyboard and mouse. Access to such hardware depends on the capture of focus
by the host, and leads to poor performance in some cases.

 Paravirtualization: Access to hardware drivers is transferred from the I/O frontend

to the I/O backend. This mode is usually only used for hard disks and NICs, and
delivers high performance.

 IO-through: Hardware devices capable of I/O passthrough, such as hard disks and
NICs, are directly allocated to VMs. In Xen, Dom0 allocates hardware devices but
does not take part in the access of the hardware. Hardware support is required.

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 Cloud Computing and Virtualization

Cloud
Computing

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 Mainstream Compute Virtualization
Technologies

Compute Virtualization
CPU virtualization, memory virtualization,
I/O virtualization

Open Source Closed Source

KVM Hyper-V

Xen VMware ESXi

Huawei
FusionSphere

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 Xen vs. KVM

Dom0 DomU DomU DomU Other Guest OS Guest OS

Application

PV
Backends

HW PV PV PV QEMU QEMU
Drivers Frontends Frontends Frontends

KVM
Xen Lunix
HW Drivers

Hardware Hardware

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 Contents
1. Introduction to Virtualization

2. Introduction to KVM

3. Introduction to FusionCompute

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 What’s KVM?

VM VM
Application program A Application program B

Binaries/Libraries Binaries/Libraries
User
Guest OS Guest OS
Space User
ProcessesSpace QEMU QEMU
Processes

User space
Kernel space
KVM
Linux kernel
module

Physical
hardware

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 KVM Architecture

Management Tools

Virt-
Virsh Virt-viewer Virt-install Others
manager

Libvirt

Linux Kernel
(KVM module)

QEMU QEMU

Guest Guest
OS OS

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 Libvirt

VM VM VM VM
(Guest OS) (Guest OS) (Guest OS) (Guest OS)
Manage
-ment
Hypervisor Hypervisor Tools Hypervisor
Libvirt
Linux host Linux host

Node Node

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 KVM I/O Process - Default

Guest OS
4
I/O Shared Page 1 10
QEMU I/O 7 Device
Emulation Code
Driver

3 8
Notification 2 9

I/O Trap
5 Code
KVM Module
Linux Kernel
Device
Driver

Physical Hardware

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 KVM I/O Process - Virtio

Guest OS
QEMU
1 8
3 2
Virtio Backend Virtio Frontend
Driver vring Driver
6 7

Notification
I/O Trap
4 Code
KVM Module
Linux Kernel
Device Driver

Physical Hardware

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 Contents
1. Introduction to Virtualization

2. Introduction to KVM

3. Introduction to FusionCompute

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 FusionCompute Architecture

VRM
Virtual Resource Pools

Cluster

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 FusionCompute Advantages
Unified management Quick VM
of virtual and provisioning
physical resources

Physical
resourc Physical
e resource

Physical
resourc
e
Virtual
resourc
e

VRM VRM

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 Functions of FusionCompute Components
Component Function
CNA provides the following functions:
• Provides virtual computing functions.
CNA
• Manages VMs on compute nodes.
• Manages compute, storage, and network resources on compute nodes.
VRM provides the following functions:
• Manages block storage resources in clusters.
• Manages network resources, such as IP addresses and VLANs in clusters, and assigns IP
addresses to VMs.
• Manages the lifecycle of VMs in clusters, and allocates and migrates VMs across compute
nodes.
VRM
• Dynamically schedules resources in clusters.
• Manages virtual resources and user data in a unified manner and provides elastic
computing, storage, and IP address services.
• Provides a unified Web UI portal, allowing O&M engineers to remotely access the
FusionCompute system to monitor and manage resources, and create and view resource
reports.

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 Quiz
1. In compute virtualization, which of the following allocates CPU and memory
resources to VMs? ( )

A. Guest OS
B. VMM

C. Hypervisor

D. Host OS

2. All open-source virtualization technologies are type 1 virtualization, while all

closed-source ones are type 2 virtualization.
A. TRUE

B. FALSE

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 Summary
 This chapter provides basic knowledge about compute virtualization, including
CPU, memory, and I/O virtualization. It introduces you to open-source
virtualization technology by using KVM as an example, and also to commercial
virtualization products by using FusionCompute as an example.

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 Recommendations
 Huawei e-Learning website
 http://support.huawei.com/learning/Index!toTrainIndex

 Huawei Support case library

 http://support.huawei.com/enterprise/servicecenter?lang=en

 HCIA-Cloud Computing v4.0 online forum

 https://forum.huawei.com/enterprise/en/Huawei-Official-Communication-
Channel-HCNA-Cloud-Certification-Course/thread/456287-911

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Thank You
www.huawei.com