18

1. Which of the following statements is not true concerning the genetic code?

A. I t is an overlapping code.

B. I t is a "comma-less" code.

C. It is an almost universal code.

D. It is capable of wobble base pairing.

E. I t is a triplet code.

2. EF-Tu is an important protein in cells whose function is to

A. p

roperly fold proteins.
B. e

nsure proper ribosome assembly.
C. escort aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome.

D. protect rRNA from degradation by RNases.

E. s tabilize mRNA within the ribosome.

3. Place the steps of translation elongation in the correct order.

(1) Peptidyl transferase forms a peptide bond between the peptide in the P site and the newly
arrived aminoacyl-tRNA in the A site.
(2) EF-G, with GTP, translocates peptidyl-tRNA to the P site.
(3) EF-Tu, with GTP, binds an aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A site.

A. 3

, 1, 2
B. 3

, 2, 1
C. 1, 2, 3

D. 1, 3, 2

E. 2
, 3, 1

4. Which of the following antibiotics does not inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the ribosome?

A. c hloroamphenicol

B. s treptomycin

C. tetracycline

D. erythromycin

E. a mpicillin


5. Which of the following characteristics is not a characteristic of a G protein?

A. T

hey bind GMP for activation.
B. T

hey have intrinsic GTPase activity.
C. Binding of GTP activates their function.

D. Cleavage of bound GTP to GDP inactivates them.

E. T
hey cycle between three conformational states.

6. Which of the following are the three naturally occurring stop codons?

A. U

AG, UAA, UGG
B. U

GA, UGG, UAG
C. UAA, AUU, GUU

D. UAG, UAA, UGA

E. U
AA, UUA, GGA

7. Misfolded proteins can be toxic to cells and lead to serious disease in humans. Which of the
following diseases is caused by a misfolded protein?

A. s ickle cell anemia

B. b

ovine spongiform encephalitis
C. diabetes

D. Burkitts Lymphoma

E. H IV-AIDS

8. Which of the following molecules does not resemble a tRNA molecule?

A. t mRNA

B. R

RF
C. puromycin

D. suppressor tRNA

E. E F-Tu

9. Proteins are synthesized in the __________ to ____________ direction by the ribosome.

________________________________________

10. The genetic code is composed of codons where each codon contains ____________ bases and
encodes for ___________ amino acid.

________________________________________

11. The antibiotic puromycin resembles a(n) ___________ and can bind to the A site of the ribosome.

________________________________________

12. Peptidyl transferase activity is located in the _________ subunit of the ribosome.

________________________________________

13. During translation elongation each translocation step moves the mRNA _______ through the
ribosome.

________________________________________

14. The hydrolysis of _________ is necessary for the release of EF-G from the ribosome, which
significantly accelerates translocation.

________________________________________

15. Amber mutation suppressors are _____________ molecules.

________________________________________

16. tmRNA resembles tRNA except for the fact that it lacks a(n) _________ and a _____ loop.

________________________________________

17. Pyrrolysine and ____________ are examples of unusual amino acids that can be incorporated into
proteins using stop codons.

________________________________________

18. Misfolding of nascent proteins can occur when inappropriate _______________ regions of the
protein interact with each other.

________________________________________

19. The correct folding of proteins in the cell is accomplished with the help of __________
__________.

________________________________________

20. There are only 64 codons in the genetic code.

True False

21. Wobble base pairing can occur between tRNA and the third base in the mRNA codon.

True False

22. A transversion is a mutation in the genetic code that changes a purine to a pyrimidine.

True False

23. Mitochondrial mRNAs contain codons that don't conform to the universal genetic code.

True False

24. Peptidyl transferase activity can be inhibited in prokaryotic cells by penicillin.

True False

25. The E site of the ribosome plays a critical role in the entrance of tRNA into the ribosome.

True False

26. EF-Tu is one of the most abundant proteins in the cell.

True False

27. Noller, Mankin, and colleagues, using KSP particle data and reconstitution experiments,
concluded that the minimal component necessary for peptidyl transferase activity is the 23S
rRNA.

True False

28. Translation termination release factors are tRNA molecules that have anticodons complimentary
to the three stop codons.

True False

29. tmRNA is involved in rescuing the ribosome from non-stop translation.

True False

30. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes rely on tmRNA to deal with aberrant termination.

True False

31. Ribosome recycling factor (RRF) is another RNA molecule that resembles tRNA.

True False

32. Amber mutations are mutations that create termination codons in the middle of an mRNA causing
premature translation termination.

True False

 18 Key

1. Which of the following statements is not true concerning the genetic code?

A. It is an overlapping code.

B. It is a "comma-less" code.

C. It is an almost universal code.

D. It is capable of wobble base pairing.

E. It is a triplet code.

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 18.02
Weaver - Chapter 18 #1


2. EF-Tu is an important protein in cells whose function is to

A. properly fold proteins.

B. ensure proper ribosome assembly.

C. escort aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome.

D. protect rRNA from degradation by RNases.

E. stabilize mRNA within the ribosome.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #2


3. Place the steps of translation elongation in the correct order.
(1) Peptidyl transferase forms a peptide bond between the peptide in the P site and the newly
arrived aminoacyl-tRNA in the A site.
(2) EF-G, with GTP, translocates peptidyl-tRNA to the P site.
(3) EF-Tu, with GTP, binds an aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosomal A site.

A. 3, 1, 2

B. 3, 2, 1

C. 1, 2, 3

D. 1, 3, 2

E. 2, 3, 1

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #3



4. Which of the following antibiotics does not inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the
ribosome?

A. chloroamphenicol

B. streptomycin

C. tetracycline

D. erythromycin

E. ampicillin

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #4


5. Which of the following characteristics is not a characteristic of a G protein?

A. They bind GMP for activation.

B. They have intrinsic GTPase activity.

C. Binding of GTP activates their function.

D. Cleavage of bound GTP to GDP inactivates them.

E. They cycle between three conformational states.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #5


6. Which of the following are the three naturally occurring stop codons?

A. UAG, UAA, UGG

B. UGA, UGG, UAG

C. UAA, AUU, GUU

D. UAG, UAA, UGA

E. UAA, UUA, GGA

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 18.04
Weaver - Chapter 18 #6



7. Misfolded proteins can be toxic to cells and lead to serious disease in humans. Which of the
following diseases is caused by a misfolded protein?

A. sickle cell anemia

B. bovine spongiform encephalitis

C. diabetes

D. Burkitts Lymphoma

E. HIV-AIDS

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Section: 18.05
Weaver - Chapter 18 #7


8. Which of the following molecules does not resemble a tRNA molecule?

A. tmRNA

B. RRF

C. puromycin

D. suppressor tRNA

E. EF-Tu

Blooms Level: 2. Understand

Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #8


9. Proteins are synthesized in the __________ to ____________ direction by the ribosome.

amino, carboxyl

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.01
Weaver - Chapter 18 #9


10. The genetic code is composed of codons where each codon contains ____________ bases and
encodes for ___________ amino acid.

three, one

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.02
Weaver - Chapter 18 #10


11. The antibiotic puromycin resembles a(n) ___________ and can bind to the A site of the
ribosome.

aminoacyl-tRNA

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.03
 Weaver - Chapter 18 #11


12. Peptidyl transferase activity is located in the _________ subunit of the ribosome.

50S

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #12


13. During translation elongation each translocation step moves the mRNA _______ through the
ribosome.

one codon ( three nucleotides)

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #13


14. The hydrolysis of _________ is necessary for the release of EF-G from the ribosome, which
significantly accelerates translocation.

GTP

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #14


15. Amber mutation suppressors are _____________ molecules.

tRNA

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.04
Weaver - Chapter 18 #15


16. tmRNA resembles tRNA except for the fact that it lacks a(n) _________ and a _____ loop.

anticodon, D

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.04
Weaver - Chapter 18 #16


17. Pyrrolysine and ____________ are examples of unusual amino acids that can be incorporated
into proteins using stop codons.

selenocysteine

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.04
Weaver - Chapter 18 #17



18. Misfolding of nascent proteins can occur when inappropriate _______________ regions of the
protein interact with each other.

hydrophobic

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 18.05
Weaver - Chapter 18 #18


19. The correct folding of proteins in the cell is accomplished with the help of __________
__________.

molecular chaperones

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.05
Weaver - Chapter 18 #19


20. There are only 64 codons in the genetic code.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.02
Weaver - Chapter 18 #20


21. Wobble base pairing can occur between tRNA and the third base in the mRNA codon.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #21


22. A transversion is a mutation in the genetic code that changes a purine to a pyrimidine.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 18.02
Weaver - Chapter 18 #22


23. Mitochondrial mRNAs contain codons that don't conform to the universal genetic code.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.02
Weaver - Chapter 18 #23



24. Peptidyl transferase activity can be inhibited in prokaryotic cells by penicillin.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #24


25. The E site of the ribosome plays a critical role in the entrance of tRNA into the ribosome.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #25


26. EF-Tu is one of the most abundant proteins in the cell.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #26


27. Noller, Mankin, and colleagues, using KSP particle data and reconstitution experiments,
concluded that the minimal component necessary for peptidyl transferase activity is the 23S
rRNA.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 18.03
Weaver - Chapter 18 #27


28. Translation termination release factors are tRNA molecules that have anticodons
complimentary to the three stop codons.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 18.04
Weaver - Chapter 18 #28


29. tmRNA is involved in rescuing the ribosome from non-stop translation.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 18.04
Weaver - Chapter 18 #29



30. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes rely on tmRNA to deal with aberrant termination.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 18.04
Weaver - Chapter 18 #30


31. Ribosome recycling factor (RRF) is another RNA molecule that resembles tRNA.

FALSE

Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Section: 18.04
Weaver - Chapter 18 #31


32. Amber mutations are mutations that create termination codons in the middle of an mRNA
causing premature translation termination.

TRUE

Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Section: 18.04
Weaver - Chapter 18 #32

 18 Summary

Category # of Questions
Blooms Level: 1. Remember 19
Blooms Level: 2. Understand 13
Section: 18.01 1
Section: 18.02 5
Section: 18.03 14
Section: 18.04 9
Section: 18.05 3
Weaver - Chapter 18 32