Final Grocery Boo
Final Grocery Boo
6 Online grocery
shopping…………………………………………………………...…..6
2.1.7
Nutrition………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.1.8
Customer……………………………………………………………………………….6
2.1.9
Database………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.1.0 Outside
gathering………………………………………………………………………6
DECLARATION
I, Habarugira origene that this submission is my own work, except where clearly indicated.
Signed.................................. Date............/............/.............
APPROVAL
This is to acknowledge that this research project has been submitted with my approval.
Mr.KUNDAN KUMAR
Signed................................... Date.........../............/..........
DEDICATION
To my Parents
To my relatives; especially
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank the Almighty God for guiding me throughout my entire education.
The successful completion of this project was a result of combined efforts of many people
who helped me spiritually, technically, economically, morally.
And it is from the bottom of my heart that I thank my family for their financial support
from the very first moment I started in UTB till now.
I thank Murukali ltd staff for having welcomed and assisted me from the period of data
collection up to the final step of completion of this work. I appreciate their efforts,
assistance, and suggestions which helped me very constructive on the matter.
I cannot forget to thank UTB administration and the whole UTB community for their
uncountable support.
Last but not least to my fellow classmates with whom I have been together the whole time.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
DB: Database
5D: 5 Dimension
Admin: Administrator
ABSTRACT
The main objective of this work is to develop and implement online grocery shopping
solution for nutrition (located in Kigali, Nyarugenge). This system also has a database
that holds information on grocery shopping, customer registration. In this system the
Admin will be able to view customers request, schedule item of nutrition and generate
report by outside gathering. The tools used to develop this system are the following: PHP
combined with HTML and MySQL as database storage backend, windows 7,8and latest as
operating system. Questionnaires have been used in research methodology. Problems of the
existing had been analyzed and from that, requirement analysis has been made. To develop
the new system, designs had been made that covers the system architecture, applicant's
interfaces and database designs. The solution for those problems was to create a system
which will help customer shopping the foods and drinks for nutrition online and getting
that by outside gathering without wasting time and gives customers the benefit of buying in
the comfort area at Homes, Offices or etc. they mainly target customers who can access on
internet and those who usually use smart phones for being able to buy online. The research
concludes that the system is hoped to help grocery shopping for nutrition. The challenges
of the project are suggested to whom wishes to improve this work by, for instance, adding
interfaces that will take advantages of today's electronic payment systems, where payment
by cards could be accepted and authenticated.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The first chapter will cover the following; the background of the study, problem statement,
objectives of the study, research questions, significance of the study, scope of the study,
limitation, tools And the platform used in this research.
The topic is grocery shopping solution for nutrition, as introduction my topic ,is retail store
business where customers typically sells the nutrition merchandise(food and drink
product),and grocery shopping will became solution for nutrition when it will facilitate the
customers access the internet to use online shopping for the nutrition products, every where
they are, and getting that by outside gathering without wasting time and give customers
the benefit of buying in the comfort area at home ,office or etc.
The grocery shop is retail storing that primary sells food. A grocery is a bulk seller of food.
Grocery stores often non-perishable food that is packaged in cans, bottles and boxes, with
some also having flesh produce, delis, and bakeries
2 The internet is being developed rapidly since last two decades, and with relevant digital
economy that is driven by information technology also being developed worldwide. After
a long term development of internet, which rapidly increased web users and highly speed
internet connection, and some new technology also have been developed and used for
web developing, those lead to firms can promote and enhance images of product and
services through web site. Therefore, detailed product information and improved service
attracts more and more people changed their consumer behaviour from the traditional mode
to more rely on the internet shopping. On the other hand, more companies have realized
that the consumer behaviour transformation is unavoidable trend, and thus change their
marketing strategy. As the recent researches have indicated that, the internet shopping
particularly in business to consumer (B2C) has risen and online shopping become more
popular to many people. According to the report, The Emerging Digital Economy II,
published by the US Department of Commerce, in some companies, the weight of e-
commerce in total sales is quite high. For instance, the Dell computer company have
reached 18 million dollars sales through the internet during the first quarter of 1999. As a
result, about 30% of its 5.5 billion dollars total sales were achieved through the internet
(Moon, 2004). Therefore, to understand internet shopping and its impact on consumer
behaviour could help companies making use of it as a form of doing e-business.
3
4 There are many reasons for such a rapid developing of internet shopping, which mainly
due to the benefits that internet provides. First of all, the internet offers different kind of
convenience to consumers. Obviously, consumers do not need go out looking for
product information as the internet can help them to search from online sites, and it also
helps evaluate between each sites to get the cheapest price for purchase. Furthermore, the
internet can enhance consumer use product more efficiently and effectively than other
channels to satisfy their needs. Through the different search engines, consumers save time
to access to the consumption related information, and which information with mixture of
images, sound, and very detailed text description to help consumer learning and choosing
the most suitable product (Moon, 2004). However, internet shopping has potential risks for
the customers, such as payment safety, and after service. Due to the internet technology
developed, internet payment recently becomes prevalent way for purchasing goods from
the internet. Internet payment increase consumptive efficiency, at the same time, as its
virtual property reduced
Internet security after service is another way to stop customer shopping online. It is not like
traditional retail, customer has risk that some after service should face to face serve, and
especially in some complicated goods.
A grocery store or grocer's shop is a retail shop that primarily sells food, either fresh or
preserved. Large grocery stores stock significant amounts of non-food products, such as clothing
and household items, blurring the line between grocery stores and supermarkets.
Grocery stores in South America have been growing fast since the early 1980s. A large
percentage of food sales and other articles take place in grocery stores today. Some examples are
the Chilean chains Cencosud (Jumbo and Santa Isabel
covering Chile, Argentina, Brazil and Peru), Walmart (Lider and Ekono) as well
as Falabella (Tottus in Chile and Peru and Supermercados San Francisco in Chile).In some
countries such as the United States, grocery stores descended from trading posts, which sold not
only food but clothing, furniture, household items, tools, and other miscellaneous merchandiseIn
1979, It all began when Michael Aldrich ‘invented’ online shopping. Using videotex, a two way
message service, it revolutionised businesses. We now know this as e-commerce.In 1981, Saw
the first business to business transaction by UK based Thomson holidays.In 1982, Mintel, a
videotex online service accessible by telephone lines, could be used to make online purchases,
train reservations, check stock prices, chat and search a telephone directory.
In 1984, The first ever shopper buys online at a Tesco store.In 1985, Nissan carries out the first
online credit check.In 1987, SWREG was founded. This offered businesses a chance to sell
products online. As it is today, SWREG offers many payment options, as well as customization
and distribution into international markets. Users can purchase items with their currency of
preference using all major debit and credit cards.In 1989, In the USA the first online grocery
store starts trading. In1990, Tim Berners-Lee created the first WWW server and browser. This
started a whole new revolution. Nearly 25 years on, he is today still working hard at guiding the
development and spread of the web, using the mantra ‘If it isn’t on the web then it isn’t
happening’.In 1991, The internet is commercialised and we saw the birth of e-commerce.
In 1994, Netscape launches the first commercial browser, which was once the dominant browser
in terms of ‘visitors.’ It lost out in the first browser war.In 1995, Amazon started selling books
online; currently it sells almost anything. Companies like Dell and Cisco started using the
internet for all their transactions. eBay is founded by Pierre Omidyar, though it was originally
called Auctionweb.In 1997, Began the era of comparison sites.In 1998, Paypal is founded. This
enabled transactions of money without sharing financial information and gave customers the
flexibility to pay using their PayPal account balances, bank accounts, PayPal Credit and other
credit cards. Today, people can now pay across their favorite apps in a single touch (one touch)
on any platform, eliminating the need for usernames and passwords each time you pay.In 1999,
the first online-only shop began, ‘Zappos’ although it was later bought by Amazon for $1.2 bn.In
2001, Amazon launches mobile services.In 2003, US online shopping hits $50 billion, in the
same year Amazon posted their first yearly profit of $35.3m.In 2005, Social commerce emerges.
Consumers begin to recommend items to friends via Facebook and TwitterIn 2007, A Pew
Internet research study found that 81% of the Americans they surveyed had searched online for a
product they intended to buy, with 15% doing so almost every single day. 66% of online users
said they had actually bought something online.
In 2008, Increase in growth of online shopping by 17% from the last year in the US, with
ecommerce sales figures around $204 billion. In the same year Groupon is launched as is
Magneto – so anyone could have a go at creating their own online store.In 2013, UK shoppers
spent a whopping £91bn online. In 2014, 198 million U.S. consumers bought something online
in the first quarter alone,(comScore) which is 78% of the U.S. population age 15 and above.In
2015, Today’s shoppers combine online shopping with real life shopping, using access to WiFi
and the showrooming trend. They often make purchases in a retail stores at the same time as
using mobile devices to buy something online. In fact, this Forbes report tells us that 74 per
cent of people use their mobile phone to help them while shopping, with 79 per cent making a
purchase as a result.
Murukali ltd was founded in 2015 by Uwimpaye Yvette, an Economist from Former National
University of Rwanda. Murukali Ltd sells various kinds of grocery and more. Their physical
office and store are located at KN 76 Street in Nyarugenge sector, Nyarugenge district, Kigali
province, in Rwanda in Kigali City Market B2-88, the contact is [email protected], Phone
+250781460736.Murukali ltd have the vision to build the best online market & to provide quality
service that exceeds the expectations of their esteemed customers and have the mission to
improve the application of information and technology in business and to empower local
producers.Murukali ltd currently offer their services in all Kigali Cities 3hours of delivery with
their own delivery service (Delivery cost is between Frw 500, Frw 1000 and Frw 2000) and in
North, South, West and East of Rwanda, The online grocery shopping for nutrition in KIGALI
will be still new to them.
In developed countries like in the United Kingdom, Canada, German, United States of America,
businesses related to grocery shopping for nutrition are making people millionaires. In our
country people are just still trying to picture the foods and drinks and are still trying to integrate
themselves in grocery shopping. Grocery shopping is something that they are still learning about
in these developing countries.
1.0 Introduction
This chapter will discuss several literatures that are related to this project area. It will provide the
definition of key terms within used technology to be used during the implementation of the new
system and other related literatures of online grocery shopping solution for nutrition.
2.1 Definition of key concepts
2.1.1 Online
Oxford Dictionary defines “online” (sometimes also referred as “on the line”) as controlled by
or connected to a computer and as an activity or service which is “available on or performed
using the internet or other computer network.
A computer can also be online via a connection to a computer network. When a computer or
other device is not online, it is said to be offline (William, 1885)
2.1.2 Grocery
A grocery store is a retail store that primarily sells food. A grocer is a bulk seller of food.
Grocery stores often offer non-perishable food that is packaged in cans, bottles and boxes, with
some also having fresh produce, butchers, delis, and bakeries.
A system is a set of components, elements and devices that are together to perform a common
purpose. This refers to all hardware, software, network, cables, peripheral equipment,
information, data, personnel, and procedures (basically used in system, for input, processing and
output).
2.1.6 Online grocery shopping
Online grocery shopping ordering potentially reduces the inconvenience of grocery selection by
eliminating trips to physical stores. It theoretically enables consumers to shop much more
quickly by occasion or for targeted fill-in trips, precisely when a trip to the grocery store is most
difficult.
2.1.7 Nutrition
The process of nourishing or being nourished, especially the process by which a living organism
assimilates foodand uses it for growth and for replacement of tissues. The science or study that d
eals with food and nourishment, especially in humans.
The science that interprets the interaction ofnutrients and other substances in food in relation to
maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease of anorganism. It includes food intake, ab
sorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion.
The diet of an organism is what it eats, which is largelydetermined by the availability, the proces
sing and palatability offoods. A healthy
diet includes preparation of food and storagemethods that preserve nutrients from oxidation, heat
or leaching and that reduce risk of foodborne illness.
A poor diet can cause deficiency diseases such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, preterm birth, stillbi
rth and cretinism; health-threatening conditions like obesity and metabolic
syndrome; and such common chronic systemic diseases as cardio vascular
disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. A poor diet can cause the wasting of kwashiorkor inacute cas
es, and the stunting of marasmus in chronic cases of malnutrition.
2.1.8 Customer
Gather from the outside through the things that surround; people, places, events, the wonderful
nature.... then, process them inside.in minds, in hearts. Inside, explore every corner of
imagination. Inside, searching for the perfect gathering items? Shop at easy to find unique and
handmade outside related items directly from sellers.
2.2 Related literature
ONLINE SHOPPING: online shopping is the act of purchasing products or services over the
internet By Jeff Bezos. Online shopping has grown in popularity over the years, mainly because
people find it convenient and easy to bargain shop from the comfort of their home or office. One
of the most enticing factor about online shopping, particularly during a holiday season, is it
alleviates the need to wait in long lines or search from store for a particular item The grocery
shops provides infrastructure and facilities for a shopping to take place, while allowing customer
to purchase the nutrition products. A grocery shopping system is used to ensure patrons can
purchase the items of nutrition for a given well in advance, and avoid being turned the traffic jam
away at the entrance. Grocery shopping management also prefer the nutrition products to be sold
as early as possible, both for financial reasons
The company also produces consumer electronics notably the amazon kindle e-book reader and
the kindle fire tablet computer and is a major provider of cloud computing service. Jeff Bezos
incorporated the company in July 1994 and the site went online as amazon.com in 1995. The
company was renamed after the Amazon River, one of the largest river in the world, which in
turn was named after the Amazon River, the legendary nation of female warriors in mythology.
The company began as an online bookstore, an idea spurred off with discussion with John
Ingram of Ingram book (now called Ingram Content Group). Along with Keyur Patel who still
holds a stake in Amazon. In the first two months of business, Amazon sold to all 50 states and
over 45 countries. Within two months, Amazon’s sales were up to $20,000/week. While the
largest brick and mortar bookstores and mail order catalogs might offer 200,000 titles, an online
bookstores could carry several time more, since they had an almost unlimited virtual (not actual)
warehouse: those of the actual product makers/suppliers.
While the grocery shopping for nutrition developed and advanced in technology of shopping
online in developed countries like USA, CANADA from north America, and EUROPIANS
countries in 1990, in Africa, caliber and Pacifica many countries shopping for nutrition are not
developed because many people shopped in traditional region market for example in our capital
Kigali in >2005 the citizens shopped at the common market I around them like Nyabugogo
market, Kimironko market, Zinia market, etc. in 2005 my grocery shopping are founded. The
traditional grocery shopping for Murukali ltd are not favorite for nutrition solution, When
grocery shopping for nutrition was developed in Kigali in 2015 Murukali ltd founded by
Uwimpaye Yvette, an Economist from Former National University of Rwanda. Murukali Ltd
sells various kind of grocery and more. their physical office and store are located at KN 76 Street
in Nyarugenge sector, Nyarugenge district, Kigali province, in Rwanda in Kigali City Market
B2-88, and started to worked traditional, when the customers wanted to purchase or to shop the
nutrition’s products, went where to the central office at NYARUGENGE, and the customer had
the difficult because are not easy to see on catalogue of different nutrition items they had, it
depended to go at Murukali ltd grocery shop to the store, also to purchase different nutrition
product the customers they want they depended to go Murukali ltd office at nyarugenge, and for
the company of grocery shop like murukali ltd, their business growth slowly because it is
difficult to generate different reports, and they hadn’t computerize the different transactions and
invoices, that’s why their business run slowly because they hadn’t used technology like online
shopping , so that cause the traffic jam at the get and with much time wasted or with spending
much airtime for What Sapp, Call, SMS, awaiting on a long queue at the grocery shopping, that
hadn’t favorited for customers and business .
The new system have the main objective of to develop and implement online grocery shopping
solution for nutrition, this new system will help customers to view catalogue of the foods and
drinks for nutrition online and will help them to purchase different products for nutrition online
and getting that by outside gathering without wasting time and gives customers the benefit of
buying in the comfort area at Homes, Offices or etc. We mainly target customers who can access
on internet and those who usually use smart phones for being able to buy online, and also this
new system will help Murukari ltd to sell their merchandise online that are very important for
business because they will get many customers from different area of Kigali and other province,
and they will help to computerize the different transactions and invoice invoices and to generate
report that are very necessary in business.
2.2.3. Summary
Because our government were invested in information technology infrastructure, preferred and
motivated the business companies to change from to work tradition to use technology in their
business, and in my carrier study for the business information technology, that’s why I take the
time for develop and implement the system for the grocery shops and customers, to help them for
selling and to buying the nutrition products online, this new system help the customers to view
on catalogue of different nutrition items they had ,and shopping online without going at grocery
shops like Murukali ltd, and also help the grocery shops companies to sell online their nutrition
products, and to computerize the different transactions and invoices, and generate reports that are
necessary for business, that’s why this new system will help to grow business and to become
solution for nutrition because will eliminate the traffic jam at the get and much time wasted or
spending much airtime for What Sapp, Call, SMS, awaiting on a long queue at the grocery
shopping, that hadn’t favorited for customers and business .
For Kothari, the margin error varies between 5 % and 10 %. The researcher used a margin error
of 10 %, confidence level of 95 %. The probability of success is p=0.5, failure probability of
q=0.5, and Z α /2: normal reduced variable at 0.05 level of significance z is 1.96
480.2
n=
5.9504
n=80.7004 ≃81 respondents
After the calculation, the sample size is supposed to be 81respondents
The study have the respondents directly from the employees of grocery shopping of
MURUKALI LTD and the customers. In order to conduct this research, the researcher defined
the population first, listed down all the members of the population, and then selected members to
make the sample. For this purpose, a self-administered survey questionnaire was given to the
respondents to answer. The population was 81 peoples, 67 customers from Kicukiro district,
Niboyi sector, Karaganda cell and 14 employees of grocery shopping for nutrition (MURUKALI
LTD).
Customer’s respondents
percentag
customers frequency e
Female 48 71.7
Male 19 28.3
Total 67 100
Employee’s respondents
percentag
customers frequency e
Female 9 64.2
Male 5 35.8
Total 14 100
3.3.1 Interviews
Interview is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer and the interviewees)
where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from the interviewee.
Through this method, the researcher interviewed the Deputy Operation Manager and customers
with reference to the designed questionnaire.
The researcher therefore will administer interviews with each of the selected respondents. The
interviews are administered so as to obtain information that cannot be obtained by the use of
questionnaires. Based on direct conversation and an open discussion researcher had with the
owner of Murukali ltd, collected information shows that they don’t have online system for
selling and advertised their products via internet. In the context to the current system, their
customers have to come to shop looking for items, place an order and arrange all possible
payment immediately
3.3.2 Questionnaires
A set of questions method that the researcher used for obtaining statistically and was obtained
certain from individual. The researcher used this method to gather first-hand information from
the respondents.
The respond of questionnaire asked employees to give the researcher a clear understanding of the
current system. Questionnaires were frequently used to collect a wide range of information from
a large number of individuals, which referred as respondents in this study.
3.3.3 Observation
This involved looking at what is already in place and what others have done in order to come up
with the solutions. The other reason for using observation is that some staff may not be able to
describe some work experience in exact terms and may distort some facts about the system.
Data gathered through this method is highly reliable thus the method can be used to verify facts
collected through other methods. Also inaccurate described tasks can easily be identified and
evaluated the results gathered from viewed.
3.3.4Documentation
This technique permitted the researcher to consult books, reviews, memoirs, class notes, and web
pages, related to the subject of this work.
3.5 Analysis of data
Analysis of data is a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the
goal of discovering useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision-making.
The research targeted some of the customers and the management of grocery shopping of
MURUKALI LTD.
3.6.2Reliability
According to (Joppe,2000) Reliability is defined as “The extent to which results are consistent
over time and an accurate representation of the total population under study is referred to as
reliability and if the results of a study can be reproduced under a similar methodology, then the
research instrument is considered to be reliable. There are different means of estimating the
reliability of any measure. According to Crocker and Algona (1986), the test developer has a
responsibility to “identify the sources of measurement error that would be most detrimental to
useful score interpretation and design a reliability study that permits such errors to occur so that
their effects can be assessed. Reliability coefficients range from 0.00 to 1.00, with higher
coefficients indicating higher levels of reliability.
3.7 Ethical Considerations
The purpose of this module is to introduce and discuss ethical issues that should be considered
when designing and conducting a research project. During research, Grocery shopping
MURUKALI ltd staff guidelines say that every researcher is respected to submit to whom from
University or any other institution to be authorized for that at the company. Firstly, before
submitting the report, the researcher will explain and submit reports to the accountant before
conclusion and recommendation. Secondary, each participant had to accept or not to participate
in the research. Thirdly, the names of the respondents were not be mentioned in the research, for
confidentiality. Finally, the researcher will explained all answers they would have to provide
which will be used only for research purposes.
Natinonality of respondents
Nationality Frequency Percentage
(%)
Rwandan 54 66.7
Foreigner 27 33.3
University degree 81 100
Data store:
Waterfall model
System Requirement
Analysis
Program design
Operations
4.7.2.1 ANALYSIS
Methodically work through the details of each requirement.
Document inputs, outputs, processing and algorithms.
Resolve problems, handle dependencies and develop plans to mitigate risks.
4.7.2.2 PROGRAM DESIGN
Use programming techniques to design software and hardware within the
constraints and objectives set in the earlier stages.
A deliverable at the end of this stage is the design specification
Another deliverable is the test plan.
4.7.2.2.1 CODING
Implement the program as designed in the earlier stages.
The deliverable at the end of this stage is the software program.
4.7.2.2.2 TESTING
Test the software and record the results.
A deliverable at the end of this stage is the updated test plan.
Another deliverable is the updated design specification.
4.7.2.2.3 OPERATIONS
The deliverable at the start of this stage is the operating manual.
Deliver, install and configure the completed software.
Provide maintenance and support of the software
4.8.2 CONCEPTS
Actor: The actor of this system is someone who does an action
Flow: This is way of showing the system should work from
4.8.3 DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS SYMBOLS
There are four basic symbols used in data flow diagram: External entity, process,
data flow, and data store.
Entity
The external entity represents the actors outside the system that interacts with the
system. It is represented by the rectangle.
Process
Processes are work or actions performed on incoming data flows to produce
outgoing data flows. These show data transformation or change. Data coming into
a process must be "worked on" or transformed in some way.
Process
Data Flow
Data flow represents the input (or output) of data to (or from) a process ("data in motion").
A DF is represented by a line, with arrowheads showing the direction of flow.
Data Stores
Data Stores are repository for data that are temporarily or permanently recorded
within the system. It is an "inventory" of data. Data store are represented by
Narrow opened rectangle as follows.
Data store
4.9 NORMALIZATION
Normalization is the process of organizing the columns (attributes) and tables (relation) of a
relational database to minimize data redundancy. Edgar Frank “Tedd” Codd (the
relational model for database management, cellular automata),
There are two goals of the normalization process: eliminating redundant data (for instance,
storing the same data in more than one table) and ensuring data dependencies make sense
(only storing related data in a table). Both of these are worthy goals as they reduce the
amount of space a database consumes and ensure that data is logically stored.
Before we precede with the normalization as per Edgar F. Codd the inventor of relational
model, researcher would like to quickly look at the logical model of data.
Logical model of data (LMD)
LMD is representation of an organization’s data, organized in term of entities and
relationships and is independent of any particular data management technology.
Logically data are organized and related via primary keys and their foreign keys;
Primary key: is a key of a relational table uniquely identifies each record in the table, it can
either be a normal attribute that is guaranteed to be unique (such as social security number in
a table with no more than one record per person)
Foreign Key: is a field that point to the primary key of another table, the purpose of the
foreign key is to ensure referential integrity of the data. In other words is a relationship or
link between two tables which ensures that the data stored in a database is consistent.
LMD Representation
Admin (id, name, password, creation date, updation date)
Users(id, name, email, contact number, password, shippingadress, shippingState,
shippingPincode, billingadress, billingstate, billingCity, regdate, updationdate)
Products (id, category, subcategory, productName, productcompany, productprice,
productpricebeforediscount, productdescription, productimage1, shippingcharge,
productavailability, postingdate,updationdate)
Productreviews (id, productid, quality, price, value, name, summary, review, reviewdate)
Category (id, categoryname, categorydescription, creationdate, updationdate)
Wishlist (id, userid, productid, postingdate)
Subcategory (id, categoryid, subcategory, creationdate, updationdata)
Orders (id, userid, productid, quantity, orderdate, paymentmethod, orderstatus)
Ordertrackhistory (id, ordered, status, remark, postingdate)
Userlog (id, useremail, userip, longtime, logout, status)
4.9.1 NORMALIZATION OF THE SYSTEM
According to Edgar Frank “Tedd” Cood (the relational model for database management, cellular
automata), There a few rules for database for database normalization. Each rule is called a
“normal form”. If the first rule is observed the data base is said to be in “first normal form”. If in
the first three rules are observed the database is considered to be in “third normal form”.
Although other levels of normalization is possible third normal formal form is considered the
highest level necessary for most application.
Eliminate fields that do not depend on the key values in the record that are not part of that
record’s key do not belong in the table in general anytime the content of a group of field may
apply to more than a single record in the table consider placing those field in a separate table.
4.9.2 ABNORMAL FORM
Admin Product productreview wishlist users userlog orders categor subcat ordertr
y egory ackhist
Id(pk) Id (pk) Id(pk) Id(pk) Id(pk) Id(pk) Id(pk) Id(pk) Id(pk) Id(pk)
name category Productid (fk) Userid(fk) Name useremai Userid(fk) catname Catid(fk) Ordered(fk)
password subcategory quality Productid(fk) email userip productid catdescrip subcat status
productname price postinddate contact logintime quantity createdate createda remark
te
productcompany value password logout orderdate updatedate update post date
Category
ORDERS
PRODUCTS
SUBCATEGORY
USERLOG
USERS
WISHLIST
ENTITY
Field
ENTITY
Field 1
Field 2
Relation
A relation defines how some attributes in one table relate to another attributes in another
table. Relationship illustrates how two or more entities share information in the database
structure. Relationships are very important in ensuring that there is data integrity in a
database after an update, insert or deletion is being performed.
Cardinalities
Cardinality specifies how many instances of an entity relate to one instance of another
entity; cardinality specifies the occurrences of a relationship.
The maximum cardinality which is the maximum number of times that an occurrence
participates in a relationship.
Third, is ‘category’, which has all information of the product category that are involved in online
grocery shopping.
Fourth, one is ‘subcategory that helps the category to allocate its subcategory in the system.
The Fifth is the ‘products’ which store all the new products and allocate them according to their
category and subcategory in the system in order to help the customers.
Sixth is “Orders” this will help the customers to make orders and pay for their products.
Seventh is “productreviews” which will help the customers to review their products in cart.
Eighth is “ordertrackhistory” that will help the customers to track their products.
Nineth is “wishlist” which is used to cart the product.
The last one is “userlog” which helps the user to logout of the system.
Architect schema
Figure
The above diagram shows how the system is manipulated while processing the
data and how it is accessed users. Each part has got a way of accessing the data
through software application that is designed to solve the problem of the current
system .A form is designed in a way that you fill all data in the interface connected
to the database where it is stored. Each form has got its own specification
depending on what the part deals with and what is supposed to be done.
CHAPTER FIVE: IMPLEMENTATION, CODING AND TESTING
The system is implemented using the current system (manual system).The work is
then progressively transferred from the old system to the new system over a period
of time. This ensures that any problems in the new system can be resolved.
The structure phase does two things: builds and tests a functional system that
fulfils design requirements, and implements the interface between the new system
and the existing system. The researcher constructed the database, application
programs, user and system interfaces, and networks.
HTML: HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language; a markup language is a
set of markup tags. The tags describe document content. HTML documents contain
HTML tags and plain text and documents are also called web pages. (Ben Joan,
2011)
For this purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and
interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the
web page document, (Mike Chapple , 2012).
Brackets. is a popular open source text editor used to create and edit codes easily. Adobe found
this for web development purposes and is currently distributed under MIT licence as an open
source code editor. You can edit HTML, CSS and JavaScript codes without making mistakes and
preview the results instantly on Google Chrome browser. This is completely a free tool
developed with HTML, CSS and JavaScript. You will love to find this tool especially if you are
editing codes frequently with Notepad or TextEdit.
<?php
session_start();
if(isset($_SESSION['id'])){
include('admin_home.php');
}else{
include("admin_index.php");
}
<?php include('../function/admin_login.php');?>
<div id="admin">
<form method="post" class="well">
<center>
<legend>Adminstrator</legend>
<table>
<tr>
<input type="text" name="username"
placeholder="Username">
</tr>
<tr>
<input type="password" name="password"
placeholder="Password">
</tr>
<br>
<br>
<input type="submit" name="enter"
value="Enter" class="btn btn-primary" style="width:200px;">
</table>
</center>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
<?php
include("../function/session.php");
include("../db/dbconn.php");
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Ecomerce</title>
<link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href="../css/style.css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.css">
<script src="../js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="../js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script>
<script src="../js/carousel.js"></script>
<script src="../js/button.js"></script>
<script src="../js/dropdown.js"></script>
<script src="../js/tab.js"></script>
<script src="../js/tooltip.js"></script>
<script src="../js/popover.js"></script>
<script src="../js/collapse.js"></script>
<script src="../js/modal.js"></script>
<script src="../js/scrollspy.js"></script>
<script src="../js/alert.js"></script>
<script src="../js/transition.js"></script>
<script src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="../javascripts/filter.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="../chart/highcharts.js"></script>
<script src="../chart/exporting.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function () {
// Make monochrome colors and set them as default for all pies
Highcharts.getOptions().plotOptions.pie.colors = (function () {
var colors = [],
base = Highcharts.getOptions().colors[0],
i;
for (i = 0; i < 10; i += 1) {
// Start out with a darkened base color (negative brighten), and end
// up with a much brighter color
colors.push(Highcharts.Color(base).brighten((i - 3) / 7).get());
}
return colors;
}());
$brnd = $row['brand'];
}
?>
]
}]
});
});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<?php
$id = (int) $_SESSION['id'];
?>
<ul>
<li><a href="../function/admin_logout.php"><i class="icon-off
icon-white"></i>logout</a></li>
<h4>Welcome <?php echo $_SESSION['adminName'];?>
<li>Welcome: <a><i class="icon-user icon-
white"></i><?php echo $fetch['username']; ?></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<br>
<div id="leftnav">
<ul>
<li><a href="admin_home.php"
style="color:#333;">Dashboard</a></li>
<li><a href="admin_home.php">Products</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="admin_feature.php "style="font-size:15px;
margin-left:15px;">Product</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="delivered-orders.php">derivered</a></li>
<li><a href="transaction.php">Transactions</a></li>
<li><a href="customer.php">Customers</a></li>
<li><a href="message.php">Messages</a></li>
<li><a href="order.php">Orders</a></li>
<li><a href="change_password.php">change_Password</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="rightcontent" style="position:absolute; top:10%;">
</div>
</body>
</html>
<?php
ob_start();
include("../function/session.php");
include("../db/dbconn.php");
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Grocery shopping</title>
<link rel = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" href="../css/style.css" media="all">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../css/bootstrap.css">
<script src="../js/bootstrap.js"></script>
<script src="../js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js"></script>
<script src="../js/carousel.js"></script>
<script src="../js/button.js"></script>
<script src="../js/dropdown.js"></script>
<script src="../js/tab.js"></script>
<script src="../js/tooltip.js"></script>
<script src="../js/popover.js"></script>
<script src="../js/collapse.js"></script>
<script src="../js/modal.js"></script>
<script src="../js/scrollspy.js"></script>
<script src="../js/alert.js"></script>
<script src="../js/transition.js"></script>
<script src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<script src="../javascripts/filter.js" type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"></script>
<script src="../jscript/jquery-1.9.1.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<!--Le Facebox-->
<link href="../facefiles/facebox.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
/>
<script src="../facefiles/jquery-1.9.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../facefiles/jquery-1.2.2.pack.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="../facefiles/facebox.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
jQuery(document).ready(function($) {
$('a[rel*=facebox]').facebox()
})
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="header" style="position:fixed;">
<img src="../img/logo.png">
<label>Grocery shopping</label>
<?php
$id = (int) $_SESSION['id'];
$query = mysqli_query ($conn, "SELECT * FROM admin
WHERE adminid = '$id' ") or die (mysqli_error());
$fetch = mysqli_fetch_array ($query);
?>
<ul>
<li><a href="../function/admin_logout.php"><i class="icon-off icon-
white"></i>logout</a></li>
<h4>Welcome <?php echo $_SESSION['adminName'];?>
<li>Welcome: <i class="icon-user icon-
white"></i><?php echo $fetch['username']; ?></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<br>
<?php
if (isset($_POST['add']))
{
$product_code = $_POST['product_code'];
$product_name = $_POST['product_name'];
$product_price = $_POST['product_price'];
$product_size = $_POST['product_size'];
$brand = $_POST['brand'];
$category = $_POST['category'];
$qty = $_POST['qty'];
$code = rand(0,98987787866533499);
$name = $code.
$_FILES["product_image"] ["name"];
$type = $_FILES["product_image"]
["type"];
$size = $_FILES["product_image"]
["size"];
$temp = $_FILES["product_image"]
["tmp_name"];
$error = $_FILES["product_image"]
["error"];
move_uploaded_file($temp,"../photo/".$name);
header ("location:admin_feature.php");
}}
}
?>
<div id="leftnav">
<ul>
<li><a href="admin_home.php" style="color:#333;">Dashboard</a></li>
<li><a href="admin_home.php">Products</a>
<ul>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="transaction.php">Transactions</a></li>
<li><a href="customer.php">Customers</a></li>
<li><a href="message.php">Messages</a></li>
<li><a href="order.php">Orders</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<?php
$query1 = mysqli_query($conn, "SELECT * FROM stock
WHERE product_id='$id'") or die(mysqli_error());
$fetch1 = mysqli_fetch_array($query1);
$qty = $fetch1['qty'];
?>
<?php
/* stock in */
if(isset($_POST['stockin'])){
$pid = $_POST['pid'];
$result = mysqli_query($conn, "SELECT * FROM stock WHERE product_id='$pid'") or
die(mysql_error());
$row = mysqli_fetch_array($result);
$old_stck = $row['qty'];
$new_stck = $_POST['new_stck'];
$total = $old_stck + $new_stck;
header("Location:admin_feature.php");
}
/* stock out */
if(isset($_POST['stockout'])){
$pid = $_POST['pid'];
$old_stck = $row['qty'];
$new_stck = $_POST['new_stck'];
$total = $old_stck - $new_stck;
header("Location:admin_feature.php");
}
?>
</body>
</html>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready( function() {
$('.remove').click( function() {
var id = $(this).attr("id");
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "../function/remove.php",
data: ({id: id}),
cache: false,
success: function(html){
$(".del"+id).fadeOut(2000, function(){ $(this).remove();});
}
});
}else{
return false;}
});
});
</script>
5.2.5 INTEGRATION TESTING OUTPUTS
System integration testing (SIT) is a high-level software testing process in which testers verify
that all related systems maintain data integrity and can operate in coordination with other
systems in the same environment. The testing process ensures that all subcomponents are
integrated successfully to provide expected results.
Is needed to check if the user interface is easy to use and understand. After using this test, the
researcher has been able to confirm the functional of this system to be easy to use by the end
users. System testing is also a level of the software testing process where a complete, integrated
system/software is tested. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the system’s compliance with the
specified requirements.
System Testing is performed after integration testing and before acceptance testing and it is
normally performed by independent testers who are not developers of the system and all
recommended that the developed system is in full compliance with the requirements.
6.0 INTRODUCTION
The researcher presented the summary of the findings based on the respondent’s
views the summary of the findings is presented in line with the objectives of the
research.
This part also present conclusion gives the recommendations and suggests the
Area(s) for further research.
6.1 CONCLUSION
Regarding to the output of the online grocery shopping now, all the objectives have been
achieved well considering to the way the system designed process operations in a small bit of
time than how they were done manually without forgetting many difficulties seen as discussed in
earlier chapters.
From this system, the printout message to the scientific environment where the researcher is
belonging is very relevant than before where the things like those this system processes were
seen as the magic but now it is remarkable that all the things done with intellectual contributions
and commitment are very advantageous to real time researchers as well as future researchers
while they are taken into considerations and in priorities for a living life of a scientific person
because there are most valuable things in today’s business scene. The researcher is grateful that
the system will be able to serve its future purpose and meet its objectives to the satisfaction of
Murukali ltd staffs and the other entrepreneurs who want to start or already have the business,
but had the same problems like those of Murukali ltd as an institution.
6.2 Recommendations
MANAGEMENT OF MURUKALI LTD
For implementing online grocery shopping in murukali ltd, all the staffs that will be familiar with
the system must be committed to see that the system operates as the intentions that were set
initially by the researcher to improve the working environment of the online shopping. It should
however be noted that there is a need for training to the staffs or customers of the new system
especially those that have to use it on daily basis for example the customers and management of
murukali ltd. This is because the system involves aspect of new technology that may not be
familiar to everybody.
4) Aron M. Levin, Irwin P. Levin, and C. Edward Heath (2003) PRODUCT CATEGORY
DEPENDENT CONSUMER PREFERENCES FOR ONLINE AND OFFLINE
SHOPPING FEATURES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON MULTI-CHANNEL RETAIL
5) ALLIANCES, Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, VOL. 4, No. 3. Available at:
http://www.csulb.edu/web/journals/jecr/issues/20033/paper1.pdf
7) Kothari C. R., Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, Wishwa Prakashan, New
Delhi.
Associated Press. (2011, November 29). Reports say ‘Cyber Monday’ top online
shopping day. New York (AP). Retrieved from
http://www.mail.com/business/economy/876350-reports-cyber-monday-top-online-
shopping-day.html
J Doll. (2011, December 28). Drunk online shopping will save this wretched economy.
Village Voice. Retrieved (February 14, 2012) from
http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2011/12/drunk_online_shopping_trend.php
K Ehrlich. (2008, July 21). Online Shopping in Today’s Economy. Milstone Insights.
Retrieved (February 14, 2012) from http://blog.milestoneinternet.com/education/online-
shopping-in-today%E2%80%99s-economy/
Morah, Chizoba. (2011, July 12). Shopping online: Convenience, bargains, and a few
scams. Investopedia. http://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/08/buy-sell-
online.asp#ixzz1msc658Sz
This result was confirmed by Grabarczyk, Johnson, Kovach, Kramer, Pleniak (survey,
February, 18 2011).
Vespa, M. (2010). Online shopping: Helping or hurting local economy. Central Illinois
News Center. Retrieved from http://www.centralillinoisnewscenter.com/home/Online-
Shopping--111008209.html
Watershed Publishing. (April 10, 2008). Online Sales to Climb Despite Downbeat
Economy, Hit $204B in ’08. Retrieved from http://www.marketingvox.com/online-sales-
to-climb-despite-downbeat-econonmy-reach-204b-in-08-037937
Belanger, F., Hiller, J. S. and Smith, W. J., (2002). Trustworthiness in electronic commerce: The
role ofprivacy, security, and site attributes. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 11, 245
–
270.Bhatnager, A., Misra, S. and Rao, H. R., (2000). On risk, convenience, and internet
shopping behaviour.Communications of the ACM, 43 (11), 98
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105.Çelik, H., (2011). Influence of social norms, perceived playfulness and online shopping
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413.Chang, H. H. and Chen, S. W., (2009). Consumer perception of interface quality, security,
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9)
10)