1.

0 OBJECTIVE

● To examine how bending moment varies with an increasing point load.

● To examine how bending moment varies at the cut position of the beam for various
loading condition.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOME

● To application the engineering knowledge in practical application.

● To enhance technical competency in structural engineering though laboratory
application.
● To communicate effectively in group.
● To identify problem, solving and finding out appropriate solution through laboratory
application.

3.0 INTRODUCTION

Bending moments (BM) of the forces to the left of AA are clockwise, then the bending
moment of the forces to the right of AA must be anticlockwise. ​Bending Moment at AA
is defined as the algebraic sum of the moments about the section of all forces acting on
either side of the section. ​Bending moments are considered positive when the moment on
the left portion is clockwise and on the right anticlockwise. This is referred to as
a sagging bending moment as it tends to make the beam concave upwards at AA. A
negative bending moment is termed hogging.
4.0 THEORY

Bending moment is a moment is rotational force that occurs when a force is applied
perpendicularly to a point at a given distance away from that point. It is calculated as the
perpendicular force multiplied by the distance from the point. A Bending Moment is
simply the bend that occurs in a beam due to a moment. It is important to remember two
things when calculating bending moments which are the standard units are Nm and
clockwise bending is taken as negative. The bending moment at the cut ‘cut’ is equal to
the algebraic sum of the moment of force acting to the left or right of the cut.
5.0 PROCEDURE
Part 1

1. Checked the digital force display meter read zero with no load.
2. A hanger is place with a 100g mass to the left of the ‘cut’. Digital force display
reading is recorded in table 1.
3. Repeat using any masses between 150g , 200g, 250g, 300g, 350g and 400g.
4. Convert the mass into a load in Newton( multiply by 9.81) and the force reading
into a bending moment ( Nm) using the following expression:
Bending Moment at a cut (Nm) = Displayed Force x 0.125
5. Theoretical bending moment the cut is calculated and completed table 1.
Part 2
1. Checked the digital force display meter read zero with no load.
2. The beam is load carefully with the hangers in any positions and loads according
to figure 2, figure3 and figure 5 and complete Table 2.
3. The force reading is converted into a bending moment ( Nm) using :
Bending Moment at a cut (Nm) = Displayed Force x 0.125
4. Calculate the support reaction (RA and RB) and calculated the theoretical
bending moment at the cut.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Figure 2
5.0 RESULT

Mass Load Force(N) Experimental Theoretical

*(g) (N) Moment Moment
Force(Nm) Force(Nm)
100 0.981 0.4 0.050 0.0936
150 1.472 0.5 0.063 0.1405
200 1.962 0.7 0.088 0.1873
250 2.453 0.8 0.100 0.2342
300 2.943 1.0 0.125 0.2809
350 3.434 1.1 0.138 0.3278
400 3.924 1.3 0.163 0.3746
*Use Any mass between 100g to 500g

Table 1

W​1 W​2 Force Experimental R​A​(N) R​B​(N) Theoretical

Figure (N) (N) (N) Moment Force(N) Moment
Force
2 3.924 0 -1.3 -0.163 5.170 -1.250 0.175
3 3.924 0.981 3 0.375 2.363 2.542 0.356
4 3.924 0.981 2.7 0.338 1.873 3.032 0.327

Table 2
6.0 DATA ANALYSIS

PART 1

I. Calculation of ​experimental moment.

Bending Moment at a cut (Nm) = Displayed Force x 0.125

When mass is 100g , foce is 0.4N

Bending Moment at a cut (Nm) = 0.4 x 0.125
= 0.050Nm
When mass is 150g, force is 0.5N
Bending Moment at a cut (Nm) = 0.5 x 0.125
= 0.063Nm
II. Calculation of ​Theoretical Moment force
W a(L−a)
Mc = L

When mass is 100g , Load is 0.981N , a =300mm, L=440mm

0.981(0.3)(0.44−0.3)
Mc = 0.44

= 0.0936 Nm
When mass is 100g , Load is 1.472N , a =300mm, L=440mm
1.472(0.3)(0.44−0.3)
Mc = 0.44

= 0.1405 Nm

PART 2
 13.
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20.

Figure 2

W1 = 3.924N and W2 = 0N
To calculate the reaction R A and R B :
∑MA= 0
-3.924N(0.14m)-RB(0.44m) = 0
RB= -1.25N
∑Fy= 0
RA+ RB= 3.92 N
RA= 3.92 + 1.25 =5.17 N
M c = (5.17x0.3) − (3.924x0.44)

= -0.175 Nm
 W1 = 3.924N and W2 = 0.981N
To calculate the reaction R A and R B :
∑MA= 0
+ ↑F y = RA + RB − W 1 − W 2

RA + RB =− 3.924 − 0.981

RA + RB = 4.905N

+ M RA = 0

(− 3.924X0.22) − (0.981X0.26) + RB (0.44) = 0

RB = 2.542N

RA = 4.905 − 2.542 = 2.363N

M c = (+ 2.363x0.3) − (3.924x0.08) − (0.981X0.04)

= 0.3557 Nm
 W1 = 3.924N and W2 = 0.981N
To calculate the reaction R A and R B :
∑MA= 0
+ ↑F y = RA + RB − W 1 − W 2

RA + RB = 3.924 + 0.981

RA + RB = 4.905N

+ M RA = 0

(− 3.924X0.24) − (0.981X0.4) + RB (0.44) = 0

RB = 3.032N

RA = 4.905 − 3.032 = 1.873N

M c =− (3.924x0.06) + (1.873X0.3)

= 0.3265 Nm
6.0 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

​Part 1

1.0 Derive equation 1.

+ ↑∑Fy = 0 + ↑ ∑ F y = RA + RB − W

∑ MA = 0 ∑ M A = W a − RB L

Wa
RB = L

Wa
RA + L
−W =0
Wa
RA = W − L

WL Wa
RA = L − L

W (L−a)
RA = L

M C = RA a
W a(L−a)
MC = L

2.0 Plot a graph, which compare your experimental result to those you calculate using
theory.
3.0 Comment on the shape of graph. What does it tell you about how bending moment
varies due to an increased load?
Based on graph of Moment force versus applied load, a linear graph is obtained. The
increase the load, the increase the bending moment force.When applied load is
increase, bending moment will increase too.

4.0 Does the equation you used accurately predict the behavior of the beam?
Yes, from the graph, we know that value between experimental bending moment and
theoretical bending moment is almost same the different percentages 87.2%
Different percentage when load = 0.981N
= 0.0936−0.05
0.05 x100 = 87.2%

​Part 2

1.0 Comment on how the result of the experiment compare with those calculated using
the theory.
From the experiment result, experimental moment force is 0.1625Nm while
theoretical moment force is 0.175Nm. The value of experimental bending moment and
theoretical bending moment is almost the same.
2.0 Does the experiment proof that the moment at the ‘cut’ is equal to the algebraic sum
of the moment of force acting to the left or right of the cut. If not why?
Yes, the moment at the ‘cut’ is equal to the algebraic sum of the moment of force
acting to the left or right of the cut.
3.0 Plot the moment force diagram for load cases in figure2, 3 and 4.
4.0 Comment on the shape of the graph. What does it tell you about how Bending
Moment varies due to a increased load?