TD Nuclear Physics

Tanggal Ujian : 18 Dec 2020

Mata Pelajaran : TD GURU FIS SMA
Nama : Ilham Ramdani (Guru Puri)
Nilai : 70

1 An 8-cm diameter by 8-cm long NAI(TI) detector detects gamma rays of a specific energy from a point source of radioactivity.
When the source is placed just next to the detector at the center of the circular face, 50 percents of all emitted gamma rays at
that energy are detected. If the detector is moved to 1 meter away, the fraction of detected gamma rays drops to

A 32 x 10-4

B 16 x 10-4

C 8 x 10-4

D 4 x 10-4 

E 2 x 10-4

F 10-4

Jawaban Anda: d

Pembahasan

2 The following particles are each accelerated from rest through the same potential difference. Which one completes the
acceleration with the greatest momentum?

A Nucleon 

B positron

C proton

D neutron

E electron

F -particle

Jawaban Anda: a
 Pembahasan

3 The binding energy of a heavy nucleus is about 7 million electron volts per nucleon, whereas the binding energy of a medium-
weight nucleus is about 8 million electron volts per nucleon. Therefore, the total kinetic energy liberated when a heavy nucleus
undergoes symmetric fission is most nearly

A 5 MeV

B 7 MeV

C 8 MeV

D 200 MeV 

E 938 MeV

F 1876 MeV

Jawaban Anda: d

Pembahasan

4 Given that the binding energy of the hydrogen atom ground state is E0 = 13.6 eV, the binding energy of n = 2 state of
positronium (positron-electron system) is

( Hint : Energy levels of Positronium is half those of Hydrogen )

A Eo/16

B Eo/8 

C Eo/4

D Eo

E 4Eo

F 8Eo

Jawaban Anda: b

Pembahasan
5 The atomic number ‘Z’ of the nucleus is…

A number of mass in it

B number of deutron in it

C number of proton and neutron in it

D number of electron in it

E number of neutron in it

F number of proton in it 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

6 When alpha particles are directed onto atoms in a thin metal foil, some make very close collisions with the nuclei of the atoms
and are scattered at large angles. If an alpha particles with an initial kinetic energy of 5 MeV happens to be scattered through
an angle of 180o, which of the following must have been its distance of the closest approach to the scattering nucleus?
(Assume that the metal foil is made of silver, with Z = 50.)

A 5.7 × 107 m

B 1.7 × 107 m

C 3.0 108 m

D 1.0 1012 m

E 2.9 1014 m 

F 1.22 501/3 fm

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan

7 How is it possible to distinguish between the isotopes of uranium?

 
 A Their nuclei have different charge but the same mass and number of electron

B Their nuclei have the same charge and mass

C Their nuclei have the same charge and mass, but they emit different particles when they decay

D Their nuclei have the same charge but different mass

 

E Their nuclei have different charge but the same mass

 

F Their nuclei have different charge and different mass, and they emit different particles when they decay

 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

8 A radioactive substance S has a decay constant s , substance T has a decay constant T . Initially a sample of S contains NS nuclei
and a sample of T contains NT nuclei. The initial activity of both samples is the same.
NS
The ratio  NT
is

1
A T

1
B S ×T

C S
×T

D
T

S

E T

F 1

Jawaban Anda: d

Pembahasan

9 A radioactive isotope has a half-life period of 5 years. The fraction which decays after 15 years is….
 A 9/8 th

B ½ th

C 5/8 th

D 7/8 th 

E 2/3 rd

F ¼ th

Jawaban Anda: d

Pembahasan

10 The ground-state energy of positronium is most nearly equal to

(Hint : Energy levels of Positronium is half those of Hydrogen)

A 27.2 eV

B 13.6 eV

C -3.4 eV

D -6.8 eV 

E -27.2  eV

F -13.6 eV

Jawaban Anda: d

Pembahasan

11 The ratio of the energies of the K characteristic X-rays of carbon (Z = 6) to those of magnesium (Z = 12) is most nearly
 A 6

B 4

C 2

D 1

E 1/2

F 1/4 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

12 The mass defect in a nuclear fusion is 0.03%. Energy liberated in one kilogram of fusion is ….

A 2.7 x 10-3 J

B 2.7 x 103 J

C 2.7 x 10-16 J

D 2.7 x 1013 J 

E 2.7 x 10-14 J 

F 2.7 x 1015 J

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan

13 A nucleus which is unstable and tends to breakdown is called….

 A all of these

B none of these

C nucleons

D tusable

E fissionable

F radioactive 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

14 A sample contains 16 gram of a radioactive substance with half-life of 8 days. After 32 days the amount of substance left is….

A 4 gram

B 1/4 gram

C 1/8 gram

D 1/2 gram

E 1 gram 

F 2 gram
 

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan

15 Internal conversion is the process whereby an excited nucleus transfers its energy directly to one of the most tightly bound
atomic electrons, causing the electron to be ejected from the atom and leaving the atom in an excited state. The most
probable process after an internal conversion electron is ejected from an atom with a high atomic number is that the
 A nucleus emits a foton

B nucleus emits a positron

C nucleus emits an electron

D nucleus emits a gamma-ray

E atom emits one or several X-rays 

F atom returns to its ground state through inelastic collisions with either atoms

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan

16 The energy required to remove both electrons from the Helium atom in its ground state is 79.0 eV. How much energy is
required to ionize Helium (i.e. to remove one electron)?

  eV
−13.6Z
Hint : Bohr's Equation for Hydrogen-like atom: En =  2
n

A 67.8 eV

B 65.4 eV

C 54.4 eV

D 51.8 eV

E 39.5 eV

F 24.6 eV 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

17 A student conducts an experiment using an -particle source.

When considering safety precautions, what can be assumed to be the maximum range of
-particles in air?
 A between 500 cm and 1000 cm

B between 500 m and 1000 m

C between 500 mm and 1000 mm 

D between 200 mm and 500 mm

E between 0 and 5 mm

F between 5 mm and 200 mm

Jawaban Anda: c

Pembahasan

18 The ratio of C6   (T1/2=5700 years) in a wood sample to ordinary carbon is only ¼ th of that found in the cells of living plants.
14

The age of the wood is ? (approx)

A 2000 years

B 2850 years

C 5700 years 

D 10800 years

E 11400 years

F 22800 years

Jawaban Anda: c

Pembahasan

19 The decay constant of a radioactive element whose half live period is 1620 years is….
 A 4280 x 10-4 per year

B none of the above

C 0.428 x 10-4 per year

D 4.28 x 10-4 per year 

E 42.8 x 10-4 per year

F 428 x 10-4 per year

Jawaban Anda: d

Pembahasan

20 According to the Standard Model of elementary particles, which of the following is NOT a composite object?

A Hadron

B Alpha particle

C Deuteron

D Pi-meson

E Neutron

F Muon 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

21
235 231 4
U → T h  + He
92 90 2

A uranium nucleus decays at rest into a thorium nucleus and a helium nucleus, as shown above. Which of the following is
true?
 A Each decay product has the same mass.

B The helium nucleus has more kinetic energy than the thorium nucleus.

C The thorium nucleus has more momentum than the helium nucleus. 

D The decay products tend to go in the same direction.

E Each decay product has the same speed.

F Each decay product has the same kinetic energy.

Jawaban Anda: c

Pembahasan

22 alpha-sattering experiment confirms that…

A all of the above

B none of the above

C positive charge is in the form spongy mass

D positive charge is scattered as a cloud round the nucleus

E A positive charge on an atom is concentrated at its centre 

F A negative charge on an atom is concentrated at its centre

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan

23 In experiments located deep underground the two types of cosmic rays that most commonly reach the experimental
apparatus are
 A positrons and proton

B positrons and electrons

C muons and neutrinos 

D iron nuclei and carbon nuclei

E protons and electrons

F alpha particles and neutrons

Jawaban Anda: c

Pembahasan

24 When 4 Be   transforms into 3 Li , it does so by

7 7

A emitting a neutron and electron

B emitting a positron only

C electron capture by the nucleus with the emission of a neutrino 

D emitting a neutron only

E emitting an alpha particle only

F emitting an electron only

Jawaban Anda: c

Pembahasan

25 Positronium is an atom formed by an electron and a positron (anti-electron). It is similar to the hydrogen atom, with the
positron replacing the proton. If a positronium atom makes a transition from a state with n = 3 to a state with n = 1, the
energy of the photon emitted in this transition is closest to
Hint : Energy levels of Positronium is half those of Hydrogen
 A 27.2 eV

B 24.2 eV

C 13.6 eV

D 12.2 eV

E 6.8 eV

F 6.0 eV 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

26 A positron is …..

A all of the above 

B none of the above

C anti particle of electron having same nucleus but opposite and same quantity of change as an electron

D anti particle of electron having same mass but opposite and same quantity of change as an electron

E ionised helium atom

F ionised hydrogen atom

Jawaban Anda: a

Pembahasan

27 Consider nuclear reaction :

4 A A+3
He + X →  Y + W
2 Z Z+2

What does W denote

 A Muon

B Proton

C Neutron 

D Positron

E Foton

F Electron

Jawaban Anda: c

Pembahasan

28 If the radiations from radioactive substance is passed through an e.s. field then

A only alpha are pass through

B only alpha and beta-rays are deflected

C only alpha-rays are deflected

D only -rays are deflected

E only gamma rays are deflected

F all are deflected 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

29 The nucleus U92 has all the following except…..

238
 A 92 number of atoms

B 238 nucleons

C 146 neutron

D 92 electrons

E 146 electron 

F 92 proton

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan

30 Suppose that  Z X  decays by natural radioactivity in two stages to Z−1 X . The two stages would most likely be which of the
A A−4

following?
First Stage    ||    Second Stage

A  emission   ||     emission

B emission   ||   emission

C Emission of a deuteron   ||  Emission of two neutrons

D  emission  ||  emission

E  emission || emission with a neutrino 

F  emission with an antineutrino ||  emission

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan

31 The spontaneous emission of high energy particles from the nucleus of the atom is called….
 A nuclear fission

B nuclear fusion

C thermoelectricity

D photo-electricity

E radioactivity 

F decay

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan

th
32 A particle moving with a velocity equal to 1/10 of the velocity of light will cross a nucleus in about….

(general knowledge : diameter of nucleus approx 10-14 m)

A 10-18 sec

B 10-12 sec

C 10-16 sec

D 10-7 sec

E 10-21 sec 

F 10-8 sec

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan

33 A sample of radioactive nuclei of a certain element can decay only by  -emission and  ß-emission. If the half-life for  -emission is
24 minutes and that for  ß-emission is 36 minutes, the half-life for sample is
 A 6 minutes

B 2 minutes

C 30 minutes

D 24 minutes

E 20.8 minutes

F 14.4 minutes 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

34 A radioactive nucleus is formed by -decay. This nucleus then decays by -emission.

Which graph of proton number Z plotted against nucleon number N shows the -decay followed
by the -emission?

C
 D

Jawaban Anda: a

Pembahasan

35 A detector is exposed to a radioactive source. Fluctuations in the count-rate are observed.

What do these fluctuations indicate about radioactive decay?
 A none of the above

B It is linear

C It is non-linear

D It is exponential

E It is spontaneous

F It is random 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

36

A radioactive nucleus decays, with the activity shown in the graph above. The half-life of the nucleus is

A 23 min

B 26 min

C 11 min

D 18 min

E 2 min

F 7 min 

Jawaban Anda: f
 Pembahasan

37 If a singly ionized Helium atom in an n = 4 state emits a photon of wavelength 470 nanometers, which of the following gives
the approximate final energy level Ef  of the atom, and the n value, of nf  this final state?

(Hint : Bohr's Equation for Hydrogen-like atom: En =  eV )

13.6×Z
2
n

A Ef = -64.0  eV   ; nf = 1

B Ef = -52.0  eV   ; nf = 1

C Ef = -14.0  eV   ; nf = 1

D Ef = -14.0  eV   ; nf = 2

E Ef = -6.0  eV   ; nf = 2

F Ef = -6.0  eV   ; nf = 3 

Jawaban Anda: f

Pembahasan

38 The half-life of radioactive element depends on……

A pressure
 

B force

C quantity of radioactive material 

D nature of element

E pressure

F temperature

Jawaban Anda: c

Pembahasan
39 The particle decay  [Λ → p + π ] must be a weak interaction because
−

A the statement "weak interaction" itself was wrong

B it does not conserve strangeness

C it does not conserve angular momentum

D no neutrino is produced in the decay

E the π −  is a lepton 

F the [Λ] has spin zero

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan

40 In the spectrum of Hydrogen, what is the ratio of the longest wavelength in the Lyman series (nf   = 1) to the longest
wavelength in the Balmer series (nf   = 2)?

A 4

B 3

C 3/2

D 4/9

E 5/27 

F 1/3

Jawaban Anda: e

Pembahasan