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NAME: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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CONTACT: …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Compiled By Mr. Konneh Jr.

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INTRODUCTION TO MICROSOFT EXCEL 2007

EXCEL 2007: Is an electronic worksheet that is used to organize, manipulate and graph
numeric data. Once used almost exclusively by accountants, worksheets are now widely used
by nearly every profession. Marketing professionals record and evaluate sales trends.
WHAT IS AN ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET?

The electronic spreadsheet or worksheet is an automated version of the accountant’s ledger.

It consists of rows and columns of numerical data. Unlike the accountant’s ledger, which is
created on paper using a pencil and a calculator. The electronic spreadsheet is created by a
computer system running spreadsheet application software. In contrast to word processing
software that manipulates text, spreadsheet programs manipulate numerical data. The
electronic spreadsheet eliminates the paper, pencil, and eraser. With a few keystrokes, the
user can quickly change, correct, and update the data. A worksheet in an electronic
spreadsheet application, like the columnar pad, is arrange in rows (horizontal) and columns
(vertical).The rows are numbered top to bottom, and the columns are lettered left to right.
The intersection of a row and column creates a cell, which is the data unit of a spreadsheet.
Everything entered into a worksheet data, formulas and formats is contained in a cell.

WHAT IS A WORKBOOK

In Microsoft Excel, a workbook is a collection of one or more spreadsheets, also called

worksheets, in a single file. Below is an example of a spreadsheet called "Sheet1" in an Excel
workbook file called "Book1." Our example also has the "Sheet2" and "Sheet3" sheet tabs,
which are also part of the same workbook.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE A WORKBOOK AND A SPREADSHEET

The workbook is the entire book, while the worksheet is a single page within that book. A
workbook can contain, at minimum, one worksheet, and up to a very large number of
worksheets that is only limited by the available memory on your computer. Worksheets can
be added, deleted or renamed within the workbook
2

IMPORTANCE OF MICROSOFT EXCEL 2007

Among the computer programs which exist, Microsoft Excel is one of the most
important because of the key role it plays in many sectors. It is the most used
spreadsheet program in many business activities, classwork and even personal data
organisation. Excel was first released in the year 1985. Since then, it has played a vital
role in performing formula based arithmetic and calculations, and other activities that
may require mathematical calculations. Many businesses, personal and institutional
enterprises have embraced the use of Excel because of its utility and the ability to serve
as a visual basic for different applications. The importance of MS Excel can be seen in
the different departmental units it is used as follows.

1. GRAPHING
This package plays a very important role in graphing as it has the ability to produce a
variety of different charts, which may be used by different departments to represent
statistical data in more visual way. Since the formulae and procedures are incorporated
in the package, it is always an easy and time saving to create charts. Unlike other
graphing programs, Excel is much more cost effective as it plays many different roles,
and can be used for so many different things.

2. DATA ORGANISATION
Data is raw, unprocessed information, which needs to be stored in a systematic and
organised manner. Effectively, one needs to use Microsoft Excel. Excel gives the users
the ability to set up tables, in which they can organise their data and provide updating
keys too. The benefits of data organisation using excel are felt by administrators who
always have so much information that needs to be updated regularly. The Excel tables
will help administrators to observe the progress of single as well as combined statistics
such as report trends and product complexities.

3. PROGRAMMING
when it comes to programming, you find out that MS Excel supports almost all the
programming language applications used in creating macros. This makes it easy to solve
complex functions thus increasing the efficiency in programming.

Finally, the knowledge of Microsoft Excel is vital in most of the modern organisations for
the purpose of proficiency. Many organisations want to keep systematic and up to date
records of their products, programs and activities. Therefore individuals who are
proficient in creating or coming up with Excel macros are considered as assets to a given
organisation.
3

UNDERSTANDING MICROSOFT EXCEL

Microsoft Excel is the most popular spreadsheet program currently in use. Businesses
use it for everything from accounting to keeping track of attendance, and home users
find a variety of uses for it as well, from tracking schedules to organizing records for tax
time.

THE ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF SPREADSHEETS

In business, strategic planning is essential and requires valid information in order to make
key decisions. Choosing the right tools for inputting, tracking, analyzing and storing data
will help business owners and managers make the best choices for their company's
business. One of the components within software productivity suites is the spreadsheet.
Spreadsheets are popular among accountants and among those who like to collect and
track data, yet there are some limitations, which may not make them the best choice for
every office application.

ADVANTAGE: ORGANIZING DATA

Spreadsheets are frequently the go to tool for collecting and organizing data, which is
among the simplest of its uses. Information can easily be placed in neat columns and
rows and then sorted by information type. Although a large collection of data may be
overwhelming to view in its raw state, tools within the program allow the user to create
presentations where the data is analyzed and plugged into pie charts or tables for easy
viewing and interpretation.

DISADVANTAGE: USER BIAS

However, the downside is that only the information that the user chooses for analysis is
included in these presentations, and therefore, other pertinent information that may
influence decision making might be excluded, unintentionally. To make reporting of data
more user friendly and comprehensive, companies are choosing to use reporting tools
such as Tableau and Qlik, instead of relying solely on the spreadsheet.

ADVANTAGE: STREAMLINES CALCULATIONS

No one likes to spend all their time at work doing repetitive calculations. The great
appeal of spreadsheets is that the program does all the math for the user. Once a
formula is written and the program has a set command, complex calculations can easily
4

be computed for the related data that has been input. This allows users to ask "what if"
types of questions and to easily get the answers they need without the need to rework
the calculations.

For example, if the spreadsheet is set up to calculate your gross profit, when any
variable such as cost per unit, shipping costs, or sales discount are changed, the
software automatically recalculates the new gross profit based on the new information.

DISADVANTAGE: LEARNING THE SYNTAX TAKES SKILL

The difficult part for many users, is that the calculations must be entered into the
spreadsheet as formulas. This requires learning the correct syntax for each type of
calculation you wish to make. Although many classes are available to learn the skills
necessary to use these formulas, many users still find them difficult. If the syntax is
incorrect, the program will not return the correct information when the calculations are
run. Additionally, if users input the wrong data, even in only one cell of the spreadsheet,
all related calculations and cells will be affected and have incorrect data.

ADVANTAGE: MULTIPLE USER ACCESS

In today's collaborative work environment, multiple users within an office often need
access to the same documents. If using Microsoft Excel, the spreadsheets can be shared,
but only one user can change data at a time. If local copies are made and updated, other
users will not have access to the new data. Google Sheets offers the solution of file
sharing and allowing multiple users to access and update a single form.

Be aware that, in both cases, there is no file history. Therefore, no matter who makes
changes at any time, when any changes are made, the previous information history is
lost.

DISADVANTAGE: LACK OF SECURITY

Another spreadsheet disadvantage is the lack of security for your files. Typically,
spreadsheets are not that secure and therefore are at greater risk for data corruption or
mismanagement of information. Files that contain sensitive financial information may
not be safe from hackers, even if password protected.
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USES OF EXCEL IN VARIOUS DEPARTMENT

1. Uses of Microsoft Excel in Education: –

Teachers can use table styles, shapes, charts, data tools, and formulas to teach students
in the classrooms. Students can learn and solve basic and logical-mathematical
problems and statistics in excel.

Teachers can educate by creating a table in an Excel sheet. They can highlight more
interesting cells in colors, emphasize important values and visualize data using bars and
charts.

2. USES OF MICROSOFT EXCEL IN BUSINESS: –

I don’t think the business owner, either small or big company can be productive and
managed without the use of Microsoft Excel.
Microsoft Excel application can be used in various business operations. Such as goal
setting, budgeting process, and planning, team management, account management,
income, and expenses calculation, product and service valuation, and management of
client’s data, etc. in business.

The uses of Microsoft Excel in business make such daily official operations faster,
accurate and predictable. Because Excel provides great features such as filters, charts,
conditional formatting and pivot table, logical and financial formulas.

4. USES OF MICROSOFT EXCEL FOR BUSINESS OWNERS: –

Online business owners or offline can use Excel to manage their daily life work. Such as
work progress, team management, payouts details, business progress. Such as if you
want to track your marketing campaign progress then go to the file-new- template and
search for a marketing campaign and you will be amazed by seeing pre-designed and
formulated cells.

5. USES OF MICROSOFT EXCEL FOR HOUSEWIVES: –

Housewives can use Excel to manage their daily house expenses. They can create
monthly expenses report. They can track their spending habits. Also if housewives learn
Excel then it’s also beneficial for them to teach kids basic excel skills too. It is because
many computer teachers are unable (due to various reasons) to teach all excel skills
practically to students in schools.
6

The use of Excel for housewives also helpful if they are doing business or job or for
looking part-time work. There are various online and offline jobs and projects that they
can do from home by learning and using excel.

TO OPEN THE EXCEL 2007 WINDOW

 Click Start
 Then move to All programs
 Then click Microsoft Office

In there on the Microsoft Office, you will see all the office packages from there you can get
Access to EXCEL

SHORT CUT TO OPEN EXCEL

Hold the window key +R this will give you a dialog box, in the box you type EXCEL
 7

EXPLORING THE EXCEL 2007 ENVIRONMENT

Restore
Close
Title down
Office Tabs Minimize
Bar
Buttom

Quick
Access
Toolbar
Cell Selector
Formula bar
Vertical
Scrollbar
Ribbons
Name box

Three worksheet Excel Views

Appear by default.
The group of
worksheets comprises
the workbook, Horizontal
spreadsheet. Scrollbar

Status bar
Zoom
Tool

THE RIBBON MENU SYSTEM

The tabbed Ribbon menu system is how you navigate through Excel and access various Excel
commands. If you have used previous versions of Excel, the Ribbon system replaces the
traditional menus. At the bottom, left area of the spreadsheet, you will find worksheet tabs.
By default, three worksheet tabs appear each time you create a new workbook. On the
bottom, right area of the spreadsheet you will find page view commands, the zoom tool, and
the horizontal scrolling bar.
8

THE MICROSOFT OFFICE BUTTON

The Microsoft Office Button appears at the top of the Excel window. When you left-click the
button, a menu appears. From this menu you can create a new spreadsheet, open existing files,
save files in a variety of ways, and print. You can also add security features, send, publish, and
close files.

WORKING WITH THE QUICK ACCESS TOOL BARS

The quick access toolbar give you quick access to your document, e.g. If you are working
on most things you have to do are in the home tab, but only one item on review tab
which is “thesaurus” so if you want to use “thesaurus” you don’t have to be moving to
review tab frequently all you have to do, just add “thesaurus” to the quick access
toolbar.
To add and remove tools in the quick Access tool bars
There are two ways to add and remove tools to the quick access tool bars and one of
the ways is:
 Click the office button
 Click Excel Options
 Click on customize TIPS You use the same
steps to remove from
the quick access tool
Click to select the tool bar.
you want to add

Click on to add the

tools
9

TO ADD A BUTTON TO THE QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR

1. Click the Customize Quick Access Toolbar button, and then click more
Commands.
2. In the Choose Commands From list, click the category from which you want to
Choose the command.
3. Click the command you want to add, and then click the Add button.
4. After you finish adding commands, click OK.
TO MOVE A BUTTON ON THE QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR
1. Click the Customize Quick Access Toolbar button, and then click more
Commands.
2. In the active command list, click the command you want to move.
3. Click the Move Up button or the Move Down button.
TO REMOVE A BUTTON FROM THE QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR
1. Right-click the button you want to remove.
2. Click Remove from Quick Access Toolbar.
TO HIDE AND DISPLAY THE RIBBON
 To hide the Ribbon, double-click the active tab label.
 To temporarily redisplay the Ribbon, click the tab label you want. Then click any
button on the tab, or click away from the tab, to rehide it.
 To permanently redisplay the Ribbon, double-click any tab label.

THE HOME TAB

The most commonly used commands in Excel are also the most accessible. Some of
these commands available in the Home Tab are:
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The Home Tab Toolbar offers options that can change the font, size, color, alignment,
organization and style of the text in the spreadsheet and individual cells. For example,
the “Calibri” indicates the FONT of your text, the “11” indicates the SIZE of your text;
etc. We will go over how to use all of these options to format your text in a little while.
Each of these options expands into a menu if you left-click on the tiny down-arrow in
the bottom right corner of the window.
This tab works the exact same way as the MS Word Formatting Toolbar. The main
difference is that the format changes will only affect the selected cell or cells, all
unselected cells remain in
the default setting (“Calibri” font, size “11”).

TO CREATE A NEW BLANK WORKBOOK:

 Left-click the Microsoft Office Button.
 Select New. The New Workbook dialog box opens and Blank Workbook is highlighted by
default.
 Click Create. A new, blank workbook appears in the window

FORMULA BAR
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The Formula Bar, also known as the Equation Editor, is generally found below the ribbon
menu the left side denotes which cell is selected (“A1”) and the right side allows you to input
equations or text into the selected cell. There are two ways to input information into a cell.
You may either select an individual cell and type the equation or text into the formula bar or
type the equation or text directly into the selected cell.
Equations (for example, =SUM(D5+E5)) will automatically be hidden inside the cell and can
only be viewed using the formula bar; the result of the equation will display in the cell.
If any written text is longer than the cell width, then the spreadsheet will cover up any portion
longer than the cell width. The information will still be in the cell, you just won’t be able to see
it at all times.

KEYBOARD REVIEW

In order to use Excel effectively, you must input commands using both the mouse and the
Keyboard. The above image of a keyboard should look similar to the keyboard in front of
you; learning just a few certain keys will help to improve your efficiency in typing as well as
present you with more options within the program. The following is a list of commonly used
keys that you may already be familiar with:
1. Backspace: This key deletes letters backwards.
2. Delete: This key deletes letters forward.
3. Shift: This key, when pressed WITH another key, will perform a secondary function.
4. Spacebar: This key enters a space between words or letters.
5. Tab: This key will indent what you type, or move the text to the right. The default indent
distance is usually . inch.
6. Caps Lock: Pressing this key will make every letter you type capitalized.
7. Control (Ctrl): This key, when pressed WITH another key, performs a shortcut.
8. Enter: This key either gives you a new line, or executes a command.
9. Number Keypad: These are exactly the same as the numbers at the top of the keyboard;
some people just find them easier to use in this position.
10. Arrow Keys: Like the mouse, these keys are used to navigate through a document or
page.
 12

TYPING IN CELLS (ENTERING DATA INTO CELLS)

Cells are the small rectangular boxes that make up the spreadsheet. The boxes are the
Intersection of columns (A, B, C, etc.) and rows (1, 2, 3, etc.). To reference a cell, use the
Column and the row name. For example, the cell in the first column and first row is called “A1”.
All the information entered into an Excel spreadsheet is entered into cells.
Click on a cell to begin typing in it. It is that easy! When you are finished typing in the cell, press
The Enter key and you will be taken to the next cell down. You can then begin typing in that
cell. You can easily navigate around the cells using your arrow keys.
Keep in mind that the Formatting toolbar in Microsoft Excel 2007 is exactly the same as the
one Used for Microsoft Word 2007. The biggest difference between the two programs is that,
in Excel, the format is set for each individual cell. So if you change the font and applied the
bold Option in cell C5, then this format will only be applied to cell C5. All remaining cells will
remain In default mode until they have been changed.

EXERCISE 1 (ONE)

STRUCTURING A WELL ORGANIZED WORKSHEET

When setting up a worksheet, which is generally done with a particular purpose in mind, you
should consider several points, including these:
 Organize data logically to support readability.
 Label rows, columns, and the worksheet clearly and effectively.
 Input accurate data into worksheet cell.
WORKING WITH FORMULAS
A formula is an equation that performs a calculation on data contained in a worksheet. A
formula always begins with an equal sign (=) and uses arithmetic operators. An operator is a
symbol that specifies the type of numeric operation to perform. Excel includes the following
operators: + (addition), - (subtraction), / (division), * (multiplication) and % (percentage)
MANIPULATING THE STRUCTURE OF A WORKSHEET
 13

In some situation, you may need to widen a column, increase the height of a row (or
decrease the size of either), or combine or merge two or more cells to create a heading row
or column. Spreadsheet application software includes the tools to facilitate these changes.
CHANGE COLUMN OR ROW SIZE
In addition to entering text, data or a formula into a worksheet cell, you can also change the
structure of a worksheet by making its rows taller or shorter or making it columns wider or
narrower. Changing the height of a worksheet row or the width of a worksheet column
directly changes the cells in the row or column, or both, that is modified.
AUTOFIT OPTION: The width of a column or the height of a row can be set to automatically
adjust to the width or height of the longest or tallest data string entered or to be displayed in
any cell in the column or row. The AutoFit option allows the width of a column or the height
of a row can be set to automatically adjust to the width or height of the longest or tallest
data string entered or to be displayed in any cell in the column or row. The steps to change
the row or column into a worksheet are as follows:

 On home tab you go to cells ribbon

 Click on format tools
 Apply the format your desire…either to the column or row
 14

 MANUAL RESIZING: Rows and columns (and all of their cells) can be automatically resized to
fit their contents by moving the cursor over the top or bottom border of a row label or the
right border of a column label to display the horizontal split (H-Split) or the Vertical Split.

 FORMAT CELL MENU: If the width or height of a single cell is adjusted, the corresponding row
and column sizes are automatically adjusted as well.

INSERTING AND DELETING CELLS, ROWS AND COLUMNS

Although a spreadsheet worksheet has ample cells, rows, and columns for just about any use,
occasionally you may wish to insert one of these elements in a particular area of a worksheet
to add additional data or calculations. The processes used for inserting a cell, row, or column,
and perhaps even a worksheet are roughly the same, but each has its own particular steps.
The processes used to insert these elements into a worksheet are as follows.
 INSERT CELLS: To insert a cell into a worksheet, click into the cell that you wish to insert
a new cell either to the left or above, right click the cell, choose insert, and then choose
either shift cells down to add the new cell, moving the adjacent cells either to the right or
down.
 INSERT ROWS OR COLUMNS: To insert a row or column into a worksheet, click the row
or column designator (either a number or a letter) on the left side or the top of the
worksheet to select an entire row or column, right click the selected row or column, and then
click insert to add the element. You can also insert a row or column by right clicking a cell or
clicking insert, and then choosing either entire row or entire column, depending on which
you wish to insert.
 15

 INSERT WORKSHEET: Should you need more than default number of worksheets in a
workbook, you can click the insert worksheet tab on the tab row at the bottom of the
workspace to add a new worksheet at the end of the existing worksheet. You can also use the
shortcut keys SHIFT+F11 to insert a new worksheet before the active worksheet
MERGING CELLS
To combine or merge two or more cells of a row or column, different processes are used,
depending on the direction of the merge. To merge cells of a single row and center-align the
content in the leftmost of the cells across the merge cells, highlight cells to be merge, either
horizontally, vertically, or both, and then click the merge and center button in the alignment
group under the Home tab.
DELETING A CELL, ROW, COLUMN OR WORKSHEET
 DELETE CELL: To delete a cell (and its contents, of any), right click the cell to be deleted,
choose delete from the pop-up menu, and choose between shift cells up or shift cells left to
delete the cell and shift the adjacent cells accordingly.
 DELETE ROW OR COLUMN: Click the row or column designator to select the row or
column to be deleted, right click the selected row or column, and click delete. Remember
that if you delete a row or column with content in its cells, the content is removed as well.
 DELETE WORKSHEET: To delete a worksheet from a workbook, first check that the
worksheet to be deleted isn’t linked to any other worksheets in the workbook or any external
workbooks. If the worksheet can be deleted without causing problems elsewhere, right click
the tab of the worksheet you wish to delete and choose delete. If the worksheet contains any
data, you are prompted to verify that this is what you intended to do. If so, click yes to
complete the deletion.

EXERCISE 2 (TWO)
The worksheet below displayed the payroll of workers at the BANK OF SIERRA LEONE in
Freetown. Use the data to perform the required calculations.
NAMES OF WORKERS GRADE WORKERS HOURS ALLOWANCES
Sulaiman Konneh A 46 480,000
Abu Bakarr Dumbuya A 58 480,000
Ishmael Bangura B 22 350,000
Thomas Davies C 91 300,000
Mariama Koroma B 12 480,000
Juma Konneh B 40 350,000
Isatu Sesay C 18 350,000
Saidu Koroma A 85 480,000
Alusine Kamara A 39 480,000
Brima Kamara C 55 300,000
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SOLUTIONS
1. The Basic salary is=Hours Worked*Rate.
2. The Gross Salary is= Basic Salary+Allowance
HOW MANY WORKERS ARE WORKING IN THE BANK?
a. Click to cell A13
b. Click Editing ribbon under the Home Tab and click the drop down arrow in front of auto
sum then click count numbers
c. See your formula result before clicking OK

AUTO FILL
The auto fill features fills cells data or series of data in a worksheet into a selected range of
cells. If you want the same data copied into the other cells, you only need to complete one cell.
If you want to have a series of data (for example, days of the week) fill in the first cells in the
series and then use the auto fill feature.
EXERCISE 3 (THREE)
The table below displays the details of customers of the ROKEL COMMERCIAL BANK of their
account balances. Input the list in your worksheet and calculate the savings account interest
which is 3% of account balance and the Bank charges for the current account which is 4% of
current account balance.
ACCOUNT CUSTOMER NAME SEX SAVINGS A/C CURRENT A/C
BALANCE BALANCE
RCB001 Sulaiman Konneh Male 500000 850000
RCB002 Ishmael Bangura Male 650000 500000
RCB003 Thomas Davies Male 530000 760000
RCB004 Abu Bakarr Male 600000 540000
Dumbuya
RCB005 Mariama Koroma Female 700000 625000
RCB006 Isata Mattia Female 670000 580000
RCB007 Lansana Sheriff Male 500000 860000
RCB008 Chris Kamara Female 800000 520000
RCB009 Haja Koroma Female 500000 650000
RCB010 Lansana Conteh Male 660000 740000
RCB011 Ibrahim Turay Male 760000 500000
RCB012 Fatmata Kolokoh Female 890000 620000
RCB013 Juma Konneh Female 650000 560000
RCB014 Gibril Mansaray Male 500000 500000
RCB015 Mariama Koroma Female 690000 750000
 17

SOLUTION
Type the heading SAVINGS ACCOUNT INTEREST in cell F1
Enter the formula=D2*3%
Strike the enter key and auto fill the answer down wards
TO CALCULATE THE BANK CHARGES
Type the heading BANK CHARGES in cell G1
Enter the formula =E2*4%
Strike the enter key and auto fill the answer down wards
TO CALCULATE THE HIGHEST SAVINGS ACCOUNT INTEREST IN CELL A18
Click Insert Function, select MAX and click OK
TO FIND THE INTEREST ON LOAN
Type the heading INTEREST ON LOAN in cell H1
Click to cell H2
Enter =G2-D2
FORMAT WORKSHEET TAB
NAMING OR RENAMING A WORKSHEET: If you insert a spreadsheet into a worksheet, you may
want to name the worksheet by entering a unique name on its tab. To name or rename, a
worksheet different process can be used, double click its tab and enter the name you wish to
assign to it, or
Click the format ribbon drop down arrow under the Home Tab click rename sheet
Or you right click down to the sheet and click to rename sheet
Enter a unique name then you Strike the enter key on the keyboard.
TO RENAME A WORKSHEET
1. Double-click the sheet tab of the worksheet you want to rename.
2. Type the new name of the worksheet, and then press the enter key .
TO COPY A WORKSHEET TO ANOTHER WORKBOOK
1. Open the workbook that will receive the new worksheets.
2. Switch to the workbook that contains the worksheets you want to copy, hold
down the control key (Ctrl) key, and click the sheet tabs of the worksheets you want to copy.
3. Right-click the selection, and then click Move or Copy.
4. Select the Create A Copy check box.
5. In the To Book list, click the workbook to which you want the worksheet(s)
Copied.
6. Click OK.
TO CHANGE THE ORDER OF WORKSHEETS IN A WORKBOOK
➜ Drag the sheet tab of the worksheet you want to move.
TO HIDE A WORKSHEET
1. Hold down the key and click the sheet tabs of the worksheets you want
to hide.
2. Right-click any selected worksheet tab, and then click Hide.
 18

TO UNHIDE A WORKSHEET
1. Right-click any worksheet tab, and then click Unhide.
2. Click the worksheet you want to unhide, and then click OK.
TO CHANGE THE COLOUR OF A WORKSHEET TAB
 Open the sheet that you want to give a worksheet tab colour
 Click the format ribbon drop down arrow
 Click tab colour
Or right click down the worksheet and choose your favorite colour
Choose a unique name then you Strike the enter key on the keyboard
CHART TOOLS
Creating a chart in Microsoft Office Excel is quick and easy. Excel provides a variety of chart
types that you can choose from when you create a chart. Excel offers Pie, Line, Bar, and Column
charts to name but a few. Showing data in a chart can make it clearer, more interesting and
easier to read. Charts can also help you evaluate your data and make comparisons between
different values.
TO CREATE A CHART
1. Select the data that you want to use in the chart – remember for non-adjacent cells use the
Ctrl key with the mouse.
2. Click on to the Insert Tab
3. In the Chart Group select the Chart Type that you require. From the drop down list select the
version of the chart you require or Click on the Recommend Charts button and select a chart
layout that excel recommends for your data.
4. The chart will display on your worksheet and the Chart Tools Tabs will display.
MODIFY A CHART
Once you have created a chart you can do several things to modify the chart by giving a chart
title and axis title, you can also design your chart by given it your favourite colour of your
choice. To design a chart click on the contextual tab which is design tab click the drop down
arrow in front of chart styles ribbon click your favorite colour.
CHANGING WORKBOOK APPEARANCE
To change a cell’s font, font style, font color, or background color
1. Select the cells you want to change.
2. On the Home tab, use the controls in the Font group to format the cells.
TO ADD A BORDER TO A CELL
1. Select the cells around which you want to draw a border.
2. On the Home tab, in the Font group, click the Border arrow, and then, in the list,
click the type of border you want to apply.
 19

TO CREATE A NEW STYLE

1. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Cell Styles.
2. Click New Cell Style.
3. Type a new style name.
4. Click Format.
5. Specify the formatting you want this style to contain.
6. Click OK twice.
TO DELETE A STYLE
1. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click Cell Styles.
2. Right-click the style you want to delete.
3. Click Delete.

HOW TO USE THE PPMT FUNCTION IN EXCEL?

As a worksheet function, PPMT can be entered as part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet. To
understand the uses of the function, let us consider an example:
We need to calculate the payment on the principal for months 1 and 2 on a $50,000 loan, which
is to be paid off in full after 5 years. Interest is charged at a rate of 5% per year and the loan
repayments are to be made at the end of each month. The formula used provides a reference to
the relevant cells.
EXERCISE FOUR (4)
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For month 2, we used the formula below:

TO APPLY COLOURS MANUALLY

Click the fill colour drop down arrow on the Font Ribbon under the Home Tab then choose your
favorite colour that you want to give each cells

USING THE FUNCTION WIZARD

MS-EXCEL worksheet is very important in tracking everyday activities and also in analyzing the
statistics of any business over a given period of time.MS EXCEL offers numerous features in order
to simplify statistical analysis. Statistical analysis describe and summarize information, given data
and data making predictions MS EXCEL offer additional tools.
STAISTICAL FUNCTION RESULT
Count It count the number of non-blank cells in a list of
values
Min Seeks the lowest in a list of values
Max Seeks the highest in a list of values
Average Seeks the average of cells in a list of values
Sum Seeks the total of a list of values
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EXERCISE 5 (FIVE)
The table displays the names and grades of the student of SHEIKH TAIS ACADEMY COMPUTER
TRAINING SCHOOL. You are asked to find the grades of every student if he/she scores a test
grades greater than 82% will receive a certificate otherwise no certificate
STUDENT ID NAME SEX PROGRAMMS TEST GRADE GRADE
MCAS01 Sulaiman Konneh Male MCAS WORD 82%
MCAS02 Thomas Davies Male MCAS WORD 90%
MCAS03 Mariama Koroma FEMALE MCAS ACCESS 98%
MCAS04 Isata Kargbo FEMALE MCAS POWER POINT 53%
MCAS05 Ishmael Bangura Male MCAS ACCESS 99%
MCAS06 Aminata Conteh FEMALE MCAS ACCESS 89%
MCAS08 Hawa Turay FEMALE MCAS POWER POINT 82%
MCAS09 Lansana Kamara Male MCAS WINDOWS 55%
MCAS010 Juma Konneh Male MCAS WINDOWS 90%
MCAS011 Bintu Tarawally FEMALE MCAS WORD 98%
MCAS012 Jenneh Koroma FEMALE MCAS EXCEL 79%
MCAS013 Abu Dumbuya Male MCAS EXCEL 87%
MCAS014 Alusine Conteh Male MCAS WINDOWS 99%
MCAS015 Brima Kargbo Male MCAS WINDOWS 83%

Solution
Click to cell F2
Click Insert Function fx
Inside the dialogue box, enter the formula
Logical text E2>82%
Value if true “CERTIFICATE”
Value if false “NO CERTIFICATE”
Click OK
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DATA ANALYSIS
If your worksheet contains a lot of content, it can be difficult to find information quickly. Filters
can be used to narrow down the data in your worksheet, allowing you to view only the
information you need.
AutoFilter and Advanced Filter
Filtering rows allows you to include or exclude rows based upon a value. When a column is
filtered a small filter icon appears in the column header.
AutoFilter
The AutoFilter feature puts drop-down arrows (with menus) in the titles of each column. The
menus are used to select criteria in the column so that only records that meet the specified
criteria are displayed.
1. In order for filtering to work correctly, your worksheet should include a header row, which is
used to identify the name of each column.
Example is shown below
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EXERCISE 6 (SIX)

NAMES SCORES GRADES

Mariama Mansaray 990
Juma Konneh 890
Abdul Bangura 750
Isata Koroma 730
Sulaiman Konneh 880
Bintu Koroma 990
Sia Kamara 750
Abu Bakarr Dumbuya 700
Mary Kargbo 710
Saidu Conteh 750
FatmataTuray 710
Ishmael Bangura 730
Jenneh Koroma 710
Karmusa Konneh 880
FatmataTarawally 700
SOLUTION
Enter the following formula to cell C2
=IF (B2>700,"PASS","FAIL")
After entering the formula correctly strike the enter key on the keyboard then apply auto fill
downwards
ADDING IMAGES TO WORKSHEETS
Establishing a strong corporate identity helps customers remember your organization
and the products and services you offer. Setting aside the obvious need for sound
Management, two important physical attributes of a strong retail business are a well-conceived
Shop space and an eye-catching, easy-to-remember logo. After you or your graphic artist has
created a logo, you should add the logo to all your documents, especially any that might be seen
by your customers. Not only does the logo mark the documents as coming from your company
but it also serves as an advertisement, encouraging anyone who sees your worksheets to call or
visit your company. One way to add a picture to a worksheet is to display the Insert tab, and then
in the Illustrations group, click Picture. Clicking Picture displays the Insert Picture dialog box,
which enables you to locate the picture you want to add from your hard disk. When you insert a
picture, the Picture Tools Format contextual tab appears on the Ribbon. You can
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ADDING PICTURE TO A WORKSHEET

To add a picture click to Insert Tab move to Illustration ribbon click picture
Browse to the picture from your files
Click the picture you want to use
Click insert

Click to
picture

ADDING CLIP ART TO A WORKSHEET

To add clip art to a worksheet click to Insert Tab move to Illustration ribbon
On your right hand side of the worksheet the clip art menu will appear choose the clip art that
you want to use.
Click into
search for
and type the
name of the
clip art you
want to use
Click to
Clipart

EXERCISE 7 (SEVEN)
The table below is a payroll of Mr. Konneh Jr. Ltd. 53 Bai Bureh Road, Shell-Freetown. You are
required to enter the data as shown and carry out the necessary calculation by using the correct
formulas.

NAME SEX BASIC WATER RATE FOOD NASSIT MEDICAL TAX

SALARY
Sulaiman M 500,000
Karmuh M 900,000
Alimatu F 550,000
Alusine M 450,000
Jenneh F 550,000
Brima M 670,000
Juma F 900,000
Lansana M 500,000
Fudia F 230,000
Mariama F 550,000
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SOLUTION
To find the WATER RATE
A. Click to cell D2 and enter the equal sign=
B. Enter the correct formula C2*4% then strike the enter key on the keyboard apply auto fill down
wards
TO FIND THE FOOD
A. Click to cell E2 and enter the equal sign=
C. Enter the correct formula C2*6% then strike the enter key on the keyboard, apply auto fill
down wards

TO FIND NASSIT
A. Click to cell F2 and enter the equal sign=
D. Enter the correct formula C2*5% then strike the enter key on the keyboard, apply auto fill
down wards

TO FIND THE MEDICINE

A. Click to cell G2 and enter the equal sign=
B. Enter the correct formula C2*3% Then strike the enter key on the keyboard, apply auto fill
down wards
TO FIND THE TAX
A. Click to cell H2 and enter the equal sign=
B. Enter the correct formula C2*2% then strike the enter key on the keyboard, apply auto fill
down wards
EXERCISE 8 (EIGHT)
The table below shows the sales made by Mr. Konneh Jr. Enterprise calculate his bill, balance
and total amount for the table using the appropriate formulas.
No Description Quantity Unit price Bill Paid Balance
1 Monitor 2 1000 18000
2 Printer 5 6000 25000
3 Mouse 1 15000 15000
4 Scanner 2 17000 34000
5 A4 paper 6 13000 76500
6 System Unit 4 50000 47000
7 Toner link 3 43000 43000
8 Keyboard 6 13000 13000
9 USB 2 25000 54500
10 Hard Drive 5 62000 60000
11 Memory 3 20000 20000
Total
Amount
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SOLUTION
To calculate the Bill: (=quantity * unit price) or = C2*D2
To calculate the BALANCE (bill – paid) or E2 – F2
To Calculate the TOTAL AMOUNT
Click to cell D13
Enter the correct formulae
= D2+D3 +D4 +D5+D6+D7+D8+D9+D10+D11+D12
Strike the enter key on the keyboard
Rename the sheet as DAILY SALES

EXERCISE 9(NIGHT)
STUDENT PERSONAL REPORT FOR JUNE 2020
Name of Maths Chemistry Physics Biology English French Arabic Germa Total
student n score
Thomas 89 58
Emma 65 66
Sulaiman 78 89
Joseph 55 54
Albert 56 87
Binta 67 67
Henry 78 67
Fanta 88 67
Sallay 45 45
Jelika 54 46
Mary 96 67
Abu 78 98
Solution
Use the correct formula to perform the following calculations
1. Chemistry=54% of maths score =67%* B2
2. Physics=60% of math’s (select the cell for the answer and enter =45+C2)
3. Biology= Chemistry. Score+45 marks (select the cell for the answer and enter=45=C2
4. French=36% of English score (Select the cell for the answer and enter=36%*F2)
5. Arabic score=English score. (Select the values in English, copy and paste to Arabic)
6. German score=average of English, French, & Arabic, scores
7. The total for all subjects
8. Rename the worksheet as STUDENT REPORT
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CALCULATING DISCOUNT
Discount is the amount of money that may be taken off the full price for an item or goods. For
example, Goods bought by a shopkeeper for retail /wholesale
EXERCISE 10(TEN)
CUSTOMER BOX OF HARD UNIT TOTAL DISCOUNT AMOUNT DUE
DRIVES COST COST
Sulaiman 15 300 5%
Abu Bakarr 9 300 5%
Mariama 10 300 5%
Thomas 9 300 5%
Ishmael 8 300 5%
Fudia 10 300 5%
Fatu 15 300 5%
Isatu 12 300 5%
Alusine 9 300 5%
Ibrahim 8 300 5%
In the data shown above, it is observed that a customer bought 12 boxes of HARD DRIVES at
Le300 per box. The total cost will definitely be Le3600.Now calculate the total cost for each
customer and then to compute the discount. The full money pay is 100 %( WHICH IS THE
TOTAL COST).Since discount is 5%, therefore the actual money to be paid is (100%-5%)*Total
Cost.
SOLUTION
To Find the TOTAL COST
a. Click to cell (D2)
b. Enter the equal sign=
c. Select cell B2*C2 and strike the enter key
d. Auto fill the answer down wards
To calculate the full money to be paid (AMOUNT DUE)

a. Click to cell (E2)

b. Enter the equal sign=
c. Enter the formula = (100%-E2)*D2 and strike the enter key
d. Auto fill the answer down wards
To Calculate the (BALANCE)
a. Type the heading Balance in cell F1
b. Click to cell (F2)
c. Enter the equal sign=
d. Select cell D2-F2 and strike the enter key
e. Auto fill the answer down wards
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For simplicity we shall limit ourselves to the PMT financial function. The financial excel
payment function; PMT can be used to calculate the payment on loans or annuity investments.
The format for the PMT function is (PRINCIPAL, INTEREST, and TERM).
EXERCISE 9(NINE)
For a considerable period of time, the Manager at Sulaiman Clothing Company has been
planning the construction of a new complex for children at 53 Bai Bureh Road Shell. The
architect has asked him to obtained loans from five different lenders on borrowing Le
25,000,000 to begin the construction of the new building. He obtained loan from the Sierra
Leone Commercial Bank, (for 6yrs at 8%), Rokel Commercial Bank (for 5yrs at 10%), National
Development Bank (for 4yrs at 3%).
Now, what will be the yearly payment to be made on these loans?
SOLUTION
With the use of PMT FUNCTION, calculate commercial loan monthly payment in Leones and
hence the total investment.
EXERCISE 11(ELEVEN)

LENDER TERMS LOAN RATE TERMS IN

AMOUNT MONTHS
SLCB 6YRS 25,000,000 8% 72
RCB 5YRS 25,000,000 10% 60
NDB 4TRS 25,000,000 3% 48
VCB 3YRS 25,000,000 6% 36
IB 2YRS 25,000,000 9% 24

TO FIND MONTHLY PAYMENT

Type the heading Monthly payment in cell F1
a. Select the cell where you want the answer to appear(F2)
b. Select the FUNCTION WIZARD
c. Choose financial in category box
d. Select PMT in the function box
e. In the rate text box, enter D2/12(MEANS 12 MONTHS)
f. In the NPER text box, enter E2
g. In the PV text box, enter –C2
h. Then click OK
 29

SUM IF AND COUNT IF FUNCTION

SUM IF and COUNT IF: These are additional functions that are very useful in summarizing
information. They are much easier and quick to use than database function. These two
functions apply criteria to determine whether to include cells in a calculation or not. You use
these function when you want to limit calculations based on specific condition.
USING THE SUM IF FUNCTION
The SUM IF FUNCTION is use for adding up values that meet single criteria; we use the
following function format
EXERCISE TWELVE (12)
The data below shows the type of crops produced by a farmer ready for sale by three
businessmen in the 2015 crop season. You are required to calculate the sale amount in the list,
with unit cost greater than Le 10,000, Good sales otherwise Bad sales using the IF FUNCTION

SALES CROPS QTY (BAGS) UNIT COST SALES SALE

AMOUNT RESULT
Sulaiman Maize 160 15,000
Abu Bakarr Potato 180 8,000
Karmuh Maize 250 6,000
Abdulai Potato 260 8,000
Isata Cassava 230 15,000
Thomas Cassava 90 6,000
Mariama Maize 100 6,000
Mariatu potato 150 8,000
Ibrahim Maize 300 15,000
TOTAL
SOLUTION
To calculate the SALES AMOUNT
a. Click to cell E2
b. Enter =C2*D2 strike the enter key on the keyboard
c. Apply auto fill downwards
To calculate the TOTAL AMOUNT (which is sales result)
a. Click to cell D2
b. Click to insert function
c. Click to IF and you click OK
d. Enter the formula below
Logical text: E2>10,000
Value if true “Good Sales”
Value if false “Bad Sales”
e. Click OK
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EXERCISE THIRTEEN (13)

I am pleased to inform you that you have just been employed as the
Cashier/Accounts Clerk at Konneh Jr. Bank S/L Ltd. and we have our manual data but want to
put
It into excel.
1. We need 12 work sheets, therefore we require you to create one work
Sheet for each month January to December.
In August worksheet, key in the following column headers
2. At the top key in the following header FINAL STAFF MEDICAL EXPENDITURE REPORT JAN –
DEC 2015
3. Enter the following HEADER starting from column one

NO NAME JAN FEB MAR APR MAY TOTAL

1 Sulaiman 3501 3501 3501 3501 3501
2 Karmuh 4321 2536 8790 1234 4567
3 Fatmata 5023 2315 11122 5555 21345
4 Juma 4501 4327 4567 44444 4567
5 Fomba 43567 45672 8902 7773 2345
6 Mohamed 5467 45672 88888 3334 4567
7 Jenneh 5678 7773 1234 5553 34567
SUB TOTAL
MINIMUM
MAXIMUM

SOLUTION
To calculate the TOTAL
a. Click to cell H2
b. Enter the equal sign =
c. Click to C2+D2+E2+F2+G2
d. Strike the enter key on the keyboard
e. Apply auto fill down wards
To calculate the SUBTOTAL
Click to cell C9
a. Enter the following formula
b. C2+C3+C4+C5+C6+C7+C8
c. Strike the enter key on the keyboard
d. Apply auto fill Horizontally
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To calculate the Minimum

a. Click to cell C10
b. Under the home tab move to editing ribbon
c. Click the drop arrow in front of Auto sum
d. Click to MIN
e. Strike the enter key then apply auto fill horizontally
To calculate the Maximum
a. Click to cell C11 Click to Min
b. Under the home tab move to editing ribbon
c. Click the drop arrow in front of Auto sum
d. Click to MAX
e. Strike the enter key then apply auto fill horizontally.

Click to Max
WHAT IS THE YIELD FUNCTION?
The YIELD Function is categorized under financial functions. It will calculate the yield on a
security that pays periodic interest. The function is generally used to calculate the bond yield.
As a financial analyst, we often calculate the yield on a bond to determine the income that
would be generated in a year. Yield is different from the rate of return as the latter return is
the gain already earned while former is the prospective return.
HOW TO USE THE YIELD FUNCTION IN EXCEL
As a worksheet function, YIELD can be entered as part of a formula in a cell of a worksheet.
To understand the uses of the function, and let us consider an example:
EXAMPLE
EXERCISE 14(FOURTEEN)
Suppose we are given the following data:
 Settlement date: 01/01/2017
 Maturity date: 6/30/2019
 Rate of interest: 10%
 Price per $100 FV: $101
 Redemption value: $100
 Payment terms: Quarterly
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EXERCISE 15 (FIFTEEN)
DOWNTOWN INTERNET CAFE
JAN FEB MAR TOTAL AVG
Sales
Espresso 13300 13600 14200
Coffee 5800 6000 6200
Food/Beverage 3600 3800 3800
Merchandise 1000 1100 1100
Computer 400 600 600
Total Sales
JAN FEB MAR TOTAL
Expences
Cost of Goods 7225 7480 7690
Cost of Merchandise 700 770 770
Pay 9000 9000 9000
Internet 325 325 2100
Building 2100 2100 600
Advertising 600 600 2100
Total Expenses

Net Income

Solution
To calculate the TOTAL SALES
Click to cell B9
Enter the following formula
B4+B5+B6+B7+B8
Strike the enter key on the keyboard
Apply Auto fill horizontally
To Calculate the TOTAL EXPENSES
Enter the formula
B12+B13+B14+B15+B16+B17
Strike the enter key on the keyboard
Apply Auto fill horizontally
To Calculate the NET INCOME
To find the Net Income
Total Sales – Total Expenses
 33

EXERCISE 16 (SIXTEEN)
Mr. James invest Le 9,600,000 for 5 years at a rate of 7% per annun
Calculate the simple interest he made.
PRINCIPAL 9,600,000
TIME (YEARS) 5
RATE (%) 7%
SIMPLE INTEREST (Le)
Solution
Click to cell B4
1. Enter the formula Principal * Time* Rate
2. Strike the enter key on the keyboard

WORKING WITH THE REVIEW TAB IN EXCEL

The review tab is use to review your document for errors and apply many different to it. It
comprises of the following ribbons.
 Proofing
 Comments
 Changes

Proofing Ribbon, spelling and Grammar: check is use to check the document for spelling and
grammar error. If you click on it and it tell you in a dialog box that “The Spelling and grammar
check is complete”.
Research: Is use to check /search through reference materials, such as dictionaries,
encyclopedias and translation services for words in your document.

Thesaurus: The thesaurus is a reference tool that provides synonyms, antonyms, and related
words for a selected word or phrase. Synonyms are words with a similar meaning, such as
“CHEERFUL” and “HAPPY”. Antonyms are words with opposite meaning, such as “CHEERFUL”
and “SAD”. Related words are words that are variations of the same word, such as
“CHEERFUL” and “CHEER”, the thesaurus can help to liven up your documents by adding
interest and variety to your text.

Translate: It translate the selected text into different languages.

TIPS Know that the research, thesaurus and translate always give you a dialog box on the right
 34

Comment Ribbon: It is used to add a comment in your document

Changes Ribbon: It is used to restrict how people can access your document. To apply this
format, normally we have two different methods to protect a workbook, the first option you
click to protect sheet under changes ribbon click to protect sheet a dialog box will appear you
enter your password and click ok another dialog box will appear to confirm your password you
enter the same password and click ok. The other method you click the office button stand on
prepare click to encrypt document a dialog box will appear you enter your password and click
ok another dialog box will appear to confirm your password you enter the same password and
click ok from there you save your workbook.
TO REQUIRE A PASSWORD TO OPEN A WORKBOOK
1. Click the Microsoft Office Button, and then click Save As.
2. Click the Tools button, and then click General Options.
3. Type a password in the Password to open box.
4. Type a different password in the Password to modify box.
5. In the General Options dialog box, click OK.
6. In the Reenter password to proceed box, type the first password, and then
click OK.
7. In the Reenter password to modify box, type the second password, and then
click OK.
TO PASSWORD PROTECT A WORKSHEET
1. On the Review tab, in the Changes group, click Protect Sheet.
2. In the Password to unprotect sheet box, type a password.
3. Clear the Select locked cells and Select unlocked cells check boxes, and then
click OK.
4. In the Reenter password to proceed box, type the password you entered before,
and then click OK.
 35

Click to protect sheet

WORKING WITH THE VIEW TAB

Workbook views ribbon: Excel has three views as default; the normal view is the default view
for MCAS EXCEL
Show/Hide Ribbon: It is responsible for the displaying of gridlines into the Excel window.

Zoom Ribbon: It gives you the facility to specify the zoom level of your document, in most
cases; you can also use the zoom control in the status bar at the bottom of the Excel window to
quickly zoom the document.

Windows Ribbon: It gives you the facility to open a new window or arrange the entire
workbook you have open or split your document into two. And it also Hide spreadsheet.