Quick Overview on Drawing Blood

SELECTING A SITE
It is important to select the most suitable site for venipuncture. Positioning
the patient correctly will help in locating the best site.

Patient Position:
 Supine (laying down) position is preferred, flat on the back with both ventral
(front) surfaces of the arm up.

 Patient can sit in a comfortable, sturdy chair with a stable arm rest. The arm is
turned with the ventral surface up.

 NEVER allow the patient to sit upright on a high stool or standing due to the
possibility of syncope (fainting).

Attach the Tourniquet:

 Tie or attach a tourniquet or blood pressure cuff on the arm, approximately 3-5
inches above a potential venipuncture site. It should be attached tightly but not
so that it is uncomfortable for the patient.

 A half-loop is tied so as to allow for rapid release with one hand.

 Never allow the tourniquet to remain on for more than 1-2 minutes as
hemoconcentration may occur.

Site Selection:
 Site selection requires a technique known as palpation or feeling the vein.

 We feel for a vein that rebounds (bounces) when pushed or tapped on. This
procedure is best performed WITHOUT a protective glove. Palpate for a viable
vein first, then select equipment, put gloves on and then perform the
venipuncture.

o EXCEPTION: when the patient has an obvious skin disorder or

disease, wear gloves at all times when touching the patients.

 The most common site selected for

venipuncture is the antecubital area of
the arm, where the basilic, cephalic and
medial cubital veins are most prominent
and usually near the surface of the skin.

 If Both left and right antecubital areas

are evaluated and no veins can be
located, move down the arms , toward
the hands in an attempt to find a viable
site.

Information taken from SUNY Upstate Medical University

  With no arm veins, attempt to locate one in the hand or wrist. The posterior
(back) surface of the wrist and hand is preferred. Extend or bend the hand or
foot to help hold the vein in place since they may tend to roll.

 PALPATE any potential vein to Tricks to Help Distend Veins:

help determine size, direction and
depth. A slight rotation of the arm o Have the patient "pump" the hand a few
may help to better expose a vein that times.
may otherwise be hidden.
 Don't overdue it because over-pumping
 DO NOT BLIND STICK!! If no can create hemoconcentration
venous access is available, try using o Have the patient dangle arm below the
the “Tricks”. heart level for 1-3 minutes.

Inappropriate Sites: o Warm the area with a hot pack or warm,

moist cloth heated to approximately
The following sites are inappropriate for 42°C.
venipunctures:
o Slap the skin with an open hand on the
 Arm on the side of a mastectomy puncture site. This frequently produces
the same effects as warming the area.
 Edematous areas
o If all else fails, consult another technician
for their opinion and/or intervention.
 Hematomas

 Arm with a running transfusion

 Scarred areas

 Arms with cannulas, fistulas or vascular grafts

 Arm above an IV

Drawing Blood Using the Vacuum Container

Method:
 Draw Mechanism: A VACUTAINER™ tube contains a vacuum which, when connected
to a needle and a blood vessel is accessed, will aspirate blood from the vein into the tube.

Method Advantages: Method Disadvantages:

o Allows for true multi-sample draws, o Important: This method IS NOT

without need to change apparatus during conducive to drawing very small veins.
procedure. They tend to collapse under the
regulated vacuum inside the
o Most rapid method to draw multiple VACUTAINER tube.
samples.
o With the use of a straight needle, there is
o Least costly method, requiring only a no visible flash-back to indicate that the
single needle or butterfly with a multi- vein has been accessed.
sample adapter.
o More manipulation is required for small
volume draws than with syringe method.

Information taken from SUNY Upstate Medical University

Information taken from SUNY Upstate Medical University
 1. Blood culture bottles and tubes

2. Tubes with no additives and plain red tops (serum)

 Make sure to follow this order when drawing 3. Citrate (Coagulation tube)
different samples from the patient for
analysis: 4. Heparin

5. EDTA

6. Serum Separator Tubes (SST® tube)

PREPARE YOUR 7. Other additive tubes

EQUIPMENT:
Before you put on your gloves, pull out and have at your disposal the following Materials:

 Tourniquet

 Butterfly needle

 Needle holder

 Alcohol swab

 Gloves

 ALL the tubes you will need.

SITE PREPARATION
After the site and equipment are selected we're ready perform the venipuncture. The first
step in that process is to decontaminate the area of the intended puncture. A prepackaged
70% isopropyl alcohol pad is the preferred antiseptic using the following procedures.
 After locating the site and assembling the needed equipment, put your gloves on.

 Open an alcohol pad and rub the puncture site, working in concentric circles from the inside out.
The process may be repeated if the arm is especially dirty.

 If additional palpation is needed after the site has been decontaminated, wipe the fingers that will
be used with an alcohol pad.

 The area should be allowed to air dry for 30-60 seconds or wiped with a sterile, dry gauze pad.
Puncturing a site still wet with alcohol will STING. It can also affect results of some tests
especially blood alcohol levels.

Information taken from SUNY Upstate Medical University

 STICK 'EM - THE PUNCTURE
Common Procedures:
 Re-palpate the vein, if necessary, to
reassure location, depth and direction, this
time with a gloved hand and after alcohol
has been applied to the fingers.

 Stabilize the vein by holding the vein

between the index finger and thumb.

 Enter site bevel UP, directly above the

vein and in the same direction.

 Entry should be smooth, quick and at

approximately a 15 degree angle
relative to the skin.

 Once you see the flash in the needle, IMPORTANT NOTES:

try to stabilize the needle as best as
possible. Attach the first tube to the  Stabilizing the vein is critical to keep it from "rolling" away
from the needle AND to reduce the pain of the puncture. Pulling the
 If no blood enters the tube, slowly skin taut reduces resistance allowing a cleaner entry of the needle.
draw the needle back until the bevel is
close to exiting the skin, re-palpate the  Stabilizing the needle apparatus is essential in performing a
relatively pain-free venipuncture. If the equipment is unstable during
vein to relocate it, re-direct the needle
engaging and disengaging tubes, the needle will be moving in and out
and slowly push the needle in further. of the site creating unnecessary pain for the patient.
If re-direction is unsuccessful or
patient exhibits undue pain, abort the  Disengaging the final tube before withdrawing the needle
blood draw and attempt in another reduces the probability of blood leakage from the needle tip.
location.
 Be certain that all tubes are properly inverted if mixing is
required.
 Tourniquet is always released
prior to withdrawal of the needle.
 Withdraw the needle.
 Apply pressure or have the patient apply pressure for at least 5 minutes.
 Dispose of needle immediately in puncture-proof "Sharps" container and properly label
tubes.

 Dress the puncture site.

Information taken from SUNY Upstate Medical University

 SPECIMEN LABELING
After specimens have been drawn they must be properly labeled. The perfect time to do
this is while the patient is applying pressure to the puncture site.
 The following information is required on all specimens received in the laboratory:

o Patient name

o Date of Birth (DOB)

o Social Security Number (SSN)

o Date/Time drawn

Fill out the Lab requisitions form with the appropriate

tests to run along with the clinic office information as
listed on the sample form. Spin any gel tubes for 10
minutes and keep all samples cold until delivery to UNC
hospital labs.

Information taken from SUNY Upstate Medical University