CHAPTER 4

DEMOGRAPHY

This chapter presents a basic overview of Calbayog City’s existing demographic characteristics, development Population Distribution
and some socio-economic trends. More detailed information pertaining to sectoral plans can be found in the
succeeding sections of the Master Plan. The household population of Calbayog is sparsely distributed among the 157 barangays of the city. Brgy. San
Policarpo, one of the city’s urban barangays, accounted for the biggest share with 4 percent of the city’s total in
Population Growth 2000. This was followed by the urban barangays of Obrero and Rawis, with 2.9 percent and 2.6 percent in
share, respectively. The urban barangays of Matobato and Balud are likewise experiencing more than 2
The population of Calbayog City in 2000 was nearly at 150,000, equivalent to 23 percent of the total percent share of the city’s population.
population of Samar Province, and the most populated area in the entire Samar archipelago.
Population of the following barangays of Capoocan, Carayman, Dagum, Peña, San Joaquin, and Trinidad
(Sabang), on the other hand, have also breached the 2 percent share. Except for barangays Peña and San
Joaquin, these barangays are situated within the influence of the urban area. Annexation of these barangays to
Figure 4.1
Historical Population urban area is recommended.
Calbayog City

Urbanization Level
150,000

100,000 It has been said that urbanization, which was defined as growth in the proportion of a population living in
urban areas, takes place when there is development. The higher the urbanization level, the higher the level of
50,000
development. Urbanization level thus refers to the percentage of population residing in the urban area over the
- total population of the city.
1970 1980 1990 2000

Source of Basic Data: NSO In the case of Calbayog City, urbanization level equivalent only to 30 percent of the total population, as of
2000. Not only that urban areas are sparsely distributed but are also experiencing a downward trend as
compared to 34 percent share in 1990.
As observed, the population of Calbayog City grew by nearly double the population it attained in 1960 period.
However, compared to average annual growth rates attained by the other cities in the region from 1960 to
Yet, despite this, urban areas are growing faster than the rural area, and are strongly propelling the city’s
2000 period, Calbayog’s population growth is actually the lowest among cities, even much lower than the
population growth. These urban areas are presently located in the hearts of Tinambacan, Oquendo and
average of 1.79 percent annual growth rate of the four cities in Region 8. This is due to the high out-
Calbayog districts.
migration rate prevailing in the city caused mainly by lesser employment opportunities.

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 and occupational structure. It could be best measured through sex ratio. Sex ratio is the total number of males
Figure 4.2
Urban and Rural Population over the number of females.
Calbayog City
As of 2000, the city of Calbayog had a sex ratio of 104.12, indicating that there is predominance of male
120,000
population in the city. This also suggests of impending higher productivity rate of the city in years to come, as
100,000
Rural males comprised majority of the labor force.
80,000
Urban
60,000

40,000 Age Distribution

20,000

-
1970 1980 1990 2000 Age, which is considered as one of the basic and the most important demographic variables in planning,
Source of Basic Data: NSO provides the basis for estimating population of school going-age, the dependent population, the employable
group and the elderly.
Calbayog District is host of 9 urban barangays, Tinambacan District has 2 urban barangays, while Oquendo
District has only 1 urban barangay. Calbayog City, to note, is being delineated into three political districts or
About 55 percent of the total population of Calbayog in 2000 belonged to 15 to 64 years old bracket,
subdivisions, which are in accordance to the present City Council representation.
considered as the productive population or working age group. Age group belonged to 0 to 14 years old, child
and youth, and 65 years old and above, elderly, cornered 41 percent and 4 percent, respectively.
Population Density

The city’s total dependency ratio, as of 2000, reached 82 percent, the highest among cities in the region, with
In relation to its population, Calbayog City’s population density also rose significantly over the years. From
young dependency ratio and old dependency ratio cornered 75 percent and 5 percent respectively. Age
merely 0.9 persons per hectare of land in 1960, the population density jumped to 1.6 persons per hectare in
dependency ratio indicates the extent to which those population who are too young or too old to earn a living
2000. Despite the big improvements attained during the period, Calbayog City is still the most sparsely
depend on the support on those working population.
populated city than any other cities in Eastern Visayas.

Migration
Among the political districts, Tinambacan District is more densely populated with 2.4 persons per hectare,
while Calbayog District has 1.8 persons per hectare. Oquendo District has the lowest density with only 1
Traditionally, like the other areas in the countryside, Calbayog was considered an out-migrant city. Despite
person per hectare.
that no published data exist to verify the claim, number of clues can provide as indication that out-migration
must have taken place. One, is the relatively low intercensal population growth despite their high fertility, and
In contrast to district density, the urban density in Calbayog District, however, is very high with an average of
two, a diminished number especially of younger people in the most productive working ages.
40 persons per hectare. Population density, by definition, is refer to the concentration of a given population in
a given area.
The city of Calbayog is also not an area attracting large scores of people from the outside. Most of the in-
migrants are domestic, mostly coming from neighboring island municipalities, and are mostly inter rural -
Sex Distribution
urban migration. Only less than 3 percent of total population, based on 1990 and 2000 figures, is considered
migrants.
Sex, is the most basic demographic variable as it affects the incidence of births, deaths and marriages. Planning
concerns associated with sex are its relationship to spatial mobility, mortality differentials, work participation

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 Most frequently reported type of disability related to vision problem. Hearing impair and speech difficulty
Figure 4.3
Migration Pattern followed as far second and third most reported disability cases.
Calbayog City
Literacy Rate

150,000
Literacy rate, by definition, is the percentage of the population who have at least completed a year in
100,000 1990
2000 elementary education to the population seven years old and over.
50,000

0 As based on the 2000 results on Census on Population conducted by the National Statistics Office (NSO),
HH Pop'n. Same Other Foreign
City Places Country Calbayog had a literacy rate of 89 percent. Of the total population considered as literates, only less than 25

Source of Basic Data: NSO percent completed at least high school.

Marital Status
Figure 4.4
Educational Attainment
Of the total population 10 years old and above in 2000, 31 percent were considered legally married, 7 percent
Calbayog City
live-in partners and 3 percent widowed. Majority of the population entered into marriages at age of 25 and 80000
70000
above. 60000
50000
40000
Married females slightly outnumbered males. As a result, child-woman ratio embraced at 0.56 children under
30000
age of 5 per woman of 15 to 49 years old. The said figure is higher than the provincial average during the 20000
10000
period. About 58 percent or majority of the populace in Calbayog City are considered as single.
0

Mother Tongue Source of Basic Data: NSO

Waray was the most spoken dialect in the city of Calbayog. Based on its 2000 total household population,
about 87 percent of the population spoke Waray at early childhood. Far second was Cebuano, which Poor access to secondary education and poverty, as observed, are the main culprits of having lower completion

constituted only 11 percent. rate in secondary education.

However, based on provincial average of 8 percent, more Calbayog residents spoke Cebuano language than Labor Force

any other areas in Samar Province.

Approximately 55 percent of the population in Calbayog is considered in the labor force, as of 1995. Labor

Disability force or the economically active population refers to population 15 years old and above who are either
employed or unemployed. Based on 2000 figures, the city of Calbayog had an employment rate of only 55

As of 2000, only 1 percent of the household population in Calbayog had some type of disability. There were percent, far lower than the regional average of 85 percent.

more male population with disability than the female population.

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Underemployment rate, however, reached 32 percent, more than the regional average attained during the same Of the total household population 15 years old and over, only 31 percent had other trade skills other than its
period. Underemployed persons are those working less than eight hours a day and less than six days a week. present work description.
Most of these persons are employed either in agriculture or in fishing. Unemployment rate, on the other
hand, cornered 13 percent. Topped on the list of trade skills were mining and construction, driving, and handicrafts. Those reported in
the category “other skills” constituted a high 28 percent.
Employment Structure
A look at the source of trade skill revealed that almost all trade skills were acquired through experience. This
In terms of employment structure; the agriculture, the services, and the fishing sectors received the bulk of suggests that trainings introduced by the government to uplift the standard of living of local populace appeared
employment with 51 percent, 25 percent and 9 percent, respectively. Agriculture and fishing, which to be insignificant.
traditionally required less educated workforce and have seasonal productions, absorbed majority of
underemployed. Gainful Workers

Among those reported to have gainfully worked during the 1994 to 1995 period, 46 percent were self-
Figure 4.5
employed, 22 percent worked for private enterprises, and 15 percent worked without pay in family-owned
Employment Composition
Calbayog City businesses.

Unemployment Gainful workers are pertaining to those persons who usually worked most of the time during the past 12
Calbayog City months. Self-employed, meanwhile, refers to a person who works for profit or fees in own business, farms,
Under-
Samar Prov.
Employment profession or trade without any paid employee. Private enterprise is any private business/enterprise/farm who
offers cash or kind.
Employment

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Projected Population

Source of Basic Data: NSO
Based on NSO calculation, the population of the city of Calbayog is projected to reach 177,271 and 216,714
by the year 2010 and 2020, respectively. On the next page is the projected population by barangay.
Trade Skill

Trade skill is refer to technical/vocational ability or knowledge developed or acquired which will enable an
individual to generate income to meet at least their basic needs (e.g., at least food needs).

Trade skill further means an acquired and practiced ability to competently carry out a task or job, usually of a
manual in nature, in any industrial craft or artisan occupation which is officially and traditionally recognized as
requiring special qualifications which can only be acquired through lengthy experience, and practical or
theoretical instructions.

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Table 4.1 Continuation:
Projected Population
Barangay 2000 Actual PROJECTED POULATION
Calbayog City
Population 2005 2010 2015 2020
Barangay 2000 Actual PROJECTED POULATION Capoocan 3,358 3,656 4,043 4,471 4,944
Population 2005 2010 2015 2020 Carayman 3,726 4,057 4,486 4,961 5,486
Carmen 1,806 1,966 2,174 2,405 2,659
CALBAYOG CITY 147,187 160,248 177,211 195,970 216,714 Catabunan 163 177 196 217 240
Acedillo 514 560 619 684 757 Caybago 328 357 395 437 483
Aguit-itan (Pob.) 2,013 2,192 2,424 2,680 2,964 Central (Pob.) 1,087 1,183 1,309 1,447 1,600
Alibaba 314 342 378 418 462 Cogon 554 603 667 738 816
Amampacang 526 573 633 700 774 Dagum 3,992 4,346 4,806 5,315 5,878
Anislag 1,025 1,116 1,234 1,365 1,509 Danao I 1,954 2,127 2,353 2,602 2,877
Awang East (Pob.) 2,712 2,953 3,265 3,611 3,993 Danao II 455 495 548 606 670
Awang West (Pob) 2,101 2,287 2,530 2,797 3,093 Dawo 1,065 1,160 1,282 1,418 1,568
Ba-ay 1,180 1,285 1,421 1,571 1,737 De Victoria 281 306 338 374 414
Bagacay 2,002 2,180 2,410 2,666 2,948 Dinabongan 270 294 325 359 398
Bagong Lipunan 215 234 259 286 317 Dinagan 435 474 524 579 640
Baja 262 285 315 349 386 Dinawacan 293 319 353 390 431
Balud (Pob.) 3,185 3,468 3,835 4,241 4,690 Esperanza 225 245 271 300 331
Bante 1,043 1,136 1,256 1,389 1,536 Gabay 204 222 246 272 300
Bantian 932 1,015 1,122 1,241 1,372 Gadgaran 1,162 1,265 1,399 1,547 1,711
Basud 1,159 1,262 1,395 1,543 1,706 Gasdo 162 176 195 216 239
Bayo 573 624 690 763 844 Geraga-an 398 433 479 530 586
Begaho 1,410 1,535 1,698 1,877 2,076 Guimbaoyan Norte 569 619 685 758 838
Binaliw 1,670 1,818 2,011 2,223 2,459 Guimbaoyan Sur 385 419 464 513 567
Bontay 432 470 520 575 636 Guin-on 737 802 887 981 1,085
Buenavista 91 99 110 121 134 Hamorawon 2,714 2,955 3,268 3,614 3,996
Bugtong 1,766 1,923 2,126 2,351 2,600 Helino 247 269 297 329 364
Cabacungan 786 856 946 1,047 1,157 Hibabngan 169 184 203 225 249
Cabatuan 1,100 1,198 1,324 1,465 1,620 Hibatang 284 309 342 378 418
Cabicahan 562 612 677 748 827 Higasaan 406 442 489 541 598
Cabugawan 464 505 559 618 683 Himalandrog 542 590 653 722 798
Cacaransan 521 567 627 694 767 Hugon Rosales 188 205 226 250 277
Cag-anahaw 264 287 318 351 389 Jacinto 161 175 194 214 237
Cag-anibong 585 637 704 779 861 Jimautan 542 590 653 722 798
Cagbanayacao 305 332 367 406 449 Jose A. Roño 429 467 517 571 632
Cagbayang 754 821 908 1,004 1,110 Kalilihan 242 263 291 322 356
Cagbilwang 396 431 477 527 583 Kili-kili 413 450 497 550 608
Cagboborac 270 294 325 359 398 La Paz 539 587 649 718 794
Caglanipao Sur 1,013 1,103 1,220 1,349 1,492 Langoyon 264 287 318 351 389
Cagmanipes Norte 1,775 1,933 2,137 2,363 2,613 Lapaan 296 322 356 394 436
Cagmanipes Sur 926 1,008 1,115 1,233 1,363 Libertad 304 331 366 405 448
Cagnipa 2,017 2,196 2,428 2,686 2,970 Limarayon 492 536 592 655 724
Cag-olango 587 639 707 782 864 Longsob 547 596 659 728 805
Cagsalaosao 1,142 1,243 1,375 1,520 1,681 Lonoy 745 811 897 992 1,097
Cahumpan 400 435 482 533 589 Looc 350 381 421 466 515
Calocnayan 140 152 169 186 206 Mabini I 196 213 236 261 289
Cangomaod 204 222 246 272 300 Mabini II 370 403 445 493 545
Canhumadac 185 201 223 246 272 Macatingog 1,170 1,274 1,409 1,558 1,723
Capacuhan 611 665 736 814 900

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Continuation: Continuation:
Barangay 2000 Actual PROJECTED POULATION Barangay 2000 Actual PROJECTED POULATION
Population 2005 2010 2015 2020 Population 2005 2010 2015 2020

Mag-ubay 1,267 1,379 1,525 1,687 1,865 San Jose 422 459 508 562 621
Maguino-o 886 965 1,067 1,180 1,305 San Policarpio 5,303 5,774 6,385 7,061 7,808
Malaga 2,036 2,217 2,451 2,711 2,998 San Rufino 620 675 746 825 913
Malajog 2,074 2,258 2,497 2,761 3,054 Saputan 326 355 392 434 480
Malayog 1,181 1,286 1,422 1,572 1,739 Sigo 931 1,014 1,121 1,240 1,371
Malopalo 1,074 1,169 1,293 1,430 1,581 Sinantan 162 176 195 216 239
Mancol 279 304 336 371 411 Sinidman Occidental 610 664 734 812 898
Mantaong 293 319 353 390 431 Sinidman Oriental 484 527 583 644 713
Manuel Barral, Sr. 542 590 653 722 798 Tabawan 559 609 673 744 823
Marcatubig 546 594 657 727 804 Talahiban 318 346 383 423 468
Matobato 3,639 3,962 4,381 4,845 5,358 Tanval 363 395 437 483 534
Mawacat 755 822 909 1,005 1,112 Tapa-e 201 219 242 268 296
Maybog 208 226 250 277 306 Tarabucan 1,864 2,029 2,244 2,482 2,745
Maysalong 222 242 267 296 327 Tigbe 242 263 291 322 356
Migara 849 924 1,022 1,130 1,250 Tinambacan Norte 1,702 1,853 2,049 2,266 2,506
Nabang 569 619 685 758 838 Tinambacan Sur 2,599 2,830 3,129 3,460 3,827
Naga 634 690 763 844 933 Tinaplacan 1,617 1,760 1,947 2,153 2,381
Naguma 113 123 136 150 166 Tomaliguez 922 1,004 1,110 1,228 1,358
Navarro 466 507 561 620 686 Trinidad (Sabang) 3,326 3,621 4,004 4,428 4,897
Nijaga 1,701 1,852 2,048 2,265 2,505 Victory 443 482 533 590 652
Oboob 324 353 390 431 477 Villahermosa 412 449 496 549 607
Obrero 4,264 4,642 5,134 5,677 6,278
Olera 356 388 429 474 524
Oquendo 2,147 2,338 2,585 2,859 3,161
Osmeña 296 322 356 394 436
Pagbalican 238 259 287 317 350
Palanas 383 417 461 510 564
Palanogan 415 452 500 553 611
Panlayahan 582 634 701 775 857
Panonongan 278 303 335 370 409
Panoypoy 473 515 569 630 696
Patong 604 658 727 804 889
Payahan 1,615 1,758 1,944 2,150 2,378
Peña 2,962 3,225 3,566 3,944 4,361
Pilar 2,108 2,295 2,538 2,807 3,104
Pinamorotan 348 379 419 463 512
Quezon 154 168 185 205 227
Rawis 3,779 4,114 4,550 5,031 5,564
Rizal I 593 646 714 790 873
Rizal II 472 514 568 628 695
Roxas I 176 192 212 234 259
Roxas II 739 805 890 984 1,088
Saljag 428 466 515 570 630
Salvacion 229 249 276 305 337
San Antonio 386 420 465 514 568
San Isidro 481 524 579 640 708
San Joaquin 4,246 4,623 5,112 5,653 6,252
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