This set of Numerical Analysis Multiple Choice Questions & Answers focuses on “Newton

Raphson Method – 2”.

1. The value of y’/x’ in terms of the angle 0 is given by _____________

a) tanθ
b) secθ
c) cotθ
d) cosecθ
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The value of derivative of a function f(x) is given as f’(x)=y’/x’. In terms of theta
tangent is the ration of opposite side to adjacent side hence y’/x’=tanθ.
2. The Newton Raphson method is also called as ____________
a) Tangent method
b) Secant method
c) Chord method
d) Diameter method
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Newton Raphson method is also known as Tangent Method. It is carried out by
drawing a tangent to the curve at the point of initial guess.
3. The equation f(x) is given as x2-4=0. Considering the initial approximation at x=6 then the
value of x1 is given as ____________
a) 10/3
b) 4/3
c) 7/3
d) 13/3
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Iterative formula for Newton Raphson method is given by
x(1)=x(0)+f(x(0))f′x(x(0)).
Hence x0=6 (initial guess), f(x0)=32 and f’(x0)=12.
Substituting the values in the equation we get x 1= 10/3.
4. For decreasing the number of iterations in Newton Raphson method:
a) The value of f’(x) must be increased
b) The value of f’’(x) must be decreased
c) The value of f’(x) must be decreased
d) The value of f’’(x) must be increased
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Iterative formula is given by
x(1)=x(0)+f(x(0))f′x(x(0)).
Hence if f’(x) decreases the value of next iteration approaches the initial one. This
decreases the number of iterations in finding out next iterative value.
5. In Newton Raphson method f’(x) for a given point is given by the formula ____________
a) y/x’
b) y’/x
c) y/x
d) y’/x’
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The derivative of a function f(x) is given as f’(x) = y’/x’. It is defined as the slope
of the tangent drawn at the point of assumed initial value to the curve.
6. If f(x) = x2-117 = 0 then the iterative formula for Newton Raphson Method is given by
____________
a) x(n+1)=0.25 [x(n)+166x(n)]
b) x(n+1)=0.5 [x(n)+166x(n)]
c) x(n+1)=0.5 [x(n)-166x(n)]
d) x(n+1)=0.25 [x(n)-166x(n)]
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Consider x(n+1)=0.5 [x(n)+ Nx(n)]
Where N=117. Hence x(n+1)=0.5 [x(n)+117x(n)].
7. The points where the Newton Raphson method fails are called?
a) floating
b) continuous
c) non-stationary
d) stationary
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The points where the function f(x) approaches infinity are called as Stationary
points. At stationary points Newton Raphson fails and hence it remains undefined for
Stationary points.
8. The convergence of which of the following method depends on initial assumed value?
a) False position
b) Gauss Seidel method
c) Newton Raphson method
d) Euler method
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The Newton Raphson method the approximation value is found out by :
x(1)=x(0)+f(x(0))f′x(x(0)). Hence it depends on the initial value x0.
9. The equation f(x) is given as x 3+4x+1=0. Considering the initial approximation at x=1 then
the value of x1 is given as _______________
a) 1.67
b) 1.87
c) 1.86
d) 1.85
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Iterative formula for Newton Raphson method is given by
x(1)=x(0)+f(x(0))f′x(x(0))
Hence x0=1 (initial guess), f(x0)=6 and f’(x0)= 7.
Substituting the values in the equation we get x 1=1.857 which is 1.86 rounded to 2 decimal
places
1. For a determinant containing 4 elements a 1 b1 a2 b2, what will the elements of the leading
diagonal?
a) a1 b1
b) a1 b2
c) a2 b1
d) a2 b2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The diagonal having its first element in the top left corner of the matrix is
considered as the leading diagonal of the determinant. And here, it starts from a 1 and ends
at b2.

2. For a determinant ∣∣∣∣adgbehcfi∣∣∣∣, the cofactor of h will be equal to which of the

following?
a) (-1)3+2 ∣∣∣adcf∣∣∣
b) (-1)3+2 ∣∣∣dgfi∣∣∣
c) (-1)3+2 ∣∣∣agci∣∣∣
d) (-1)3+2 ∣∣∣becf∣∣∣
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The cofactor of an element is obtained by deleting the row and the column
which intersect at that element with proper sign. The sign is given by (-1) i+j for ith row and
jth column.

3. What is the value of the determinant ⎛⎝⎜271542153⎞⎠⎟?

a) -56
b) -96
c) -66
d) -85
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: ⎛⎝⎜271542153⎞⎠⎟ = 2 ∣∣∣4253∣∣∣ -5 ∣∣∣7153∣∣∣ + 1 ∣∣∣7142∣∣∣
= 2(12-10) – 5(21-5) + 1(14-4)
= -66.
4. A determinant vanishes if one of the entire row or column consists of all zero elements?
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A determinant vanishes when two of the rows or columns have zero elements.
It even vanishes when the elements of two rows or columns have identical elements.
5. If each element of a line consists of m terms, the determinant can be expressed as the
sum of ______ determinants.
a) m-1
b) m
c) m+1
d) m2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: This is because while solving for a determinant, we choose a particular row or
column and multiply its members with their cofactor. And, in doing so, the numbers of
determinants formed are equal to the order of the matrix.
6. Consider the set P of all determinants of order 3 with entries 0 or 1 only. Let Q the subset
of P consisting of all determinants with value 1.
Let R be the subset of P consisting of all determinants with value – 1. Then, which of the
following is true?
a) R is empty
b) Q has as many elements as R
c) P = Q ∪ R
d) Q has twice as many elements as R
View Answer
7. A matrix B and _____ will have the same determinant.
a) Its transpose
b) Its inverse
c) Its echelon matrix
d) Its adjoint
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is because a matrix and its transpose have same elements, only their
position differs. The ith index changes to jth and vice versa.
8. Which of the following are true?
a) If we multiply a row in a matrix A by a real number r, |A| changes in r.|A|
b) If we multiply a column and a row in A, both by a real number r, |A| changes in r.|A|
c) If we swap two columns in A, |A| does not change sign
d) If we divide a matrix with a scalar, division occurs only in a single row or column
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Since multiplication of a matrix with a scalar is possible, so whenever we
multiply a row in a matrix by a real number, it gets multiplied in the way it gets multiplied
with a number.
9. If A and B are two square matrices, then |A.B| is same as which of the following?
a) |A|.|B|
b) |B|.|A|
c) |B-A|
d) |A-B|
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Determinant of a product of two square matrices is equal to product of the
individual determinants of the square matrices. Matrix multiplication follows commutative
property.
10. For a matrix A having |A| = 0, which of the following are true?
a) A-1 exists
b) A  does
-1
not exists
c) A is non-singular
d) A-1 exists with |A-1|= 0
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Inverse does not exist for a singular matrix. A singular matrix is the one whose
determinant is equal to zero.
1. Using Bisection method find the root of cos(x) – x * e x = 0 with a = 0 and b = 1.
a) 0.617
b) 0.527
c) 0.517
d) 0.717
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Iteration table is given as follows

No. a b c f(

1 0 1 0.5 0.

2 0.5 1 0.75 -0

3 0.5 0.75 0.625 -0

4 0.5 0.625 0.562 -7

5 0.5 0.562 0.531 -2

6 0.5 0.531 0.516 3.

7 0.516 0.531 0.524 -9

 8 0.516 0.524 0.520 -3

9 0.516 0.520 0.518 -3

10 0.516 0.516 0.517 1.

The difference between final values is less than 0.01 hence we stop the iterations. So one of the roots of
cos(x) – x * exp(x) = 0 is approximately 0.517.

2. Find the root of x4-x-10 = 0 approximately upto 5 iterations using Bisection Method. Let a = 1.5 and b =
2.
a) 1.68
b) 1.86
c) 1.88
d) 1.66
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Iteration table is given as follows:

No. a b c f(a)

1 1.5 2 1.75 15.

2 1.75 2 1.875 2.4

3 1.75 1.875 1.812 2.4

4 1.812 1.875 1.844 -0.3

5 1.844 1.875 1.86 -0.0

We stop iterations after 5 and thus obtain the approximated value of x. So one of the roots of x 4-x-10 = 0
is approximately 1.86.

3. If a function is real and continuous in the region from a to b and f(a) and f(b) have opposite signs then
there is no real root between a and b.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: If a function is real and continuous in the region from a to b and f(a) and f(b) and if both
have different signs then there is at least one real root between a and b. This is because the function has
to cross the x-axis at least once.

4. A function is given by x – e-x = 0. Find the root between a = 0 and b = 1 by using Bisection method.
a) 0.655
b) 0.665
c) 0.565
d) 0.656
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Iteration table is given as follows:

No. a b c f(a)*

1 0 1 0.5 0.107

2 0.5 1 0.75 -0.03

3 0.5 0.75 0.625 -0.00

4 0.5 0.625 0.562 0.000

5 0.562 0.625 0.593 -0.00

6 0.562 0.593 0.577 -0.00

7 0.562 0.577 0.569 -0.00

8 0.562 0.569 0.565 0.000

The difference between the final iterating values is less than 0.01. So one of the root of x – e -x = 0 is
approximately 0.565.

5. A function f(x) is given as e-x * (x2+5x+2) + 1 = 0. Let a = 0 and b = -1. Find the root between a and b
using Bisection Method.
a) -0.557
b) -0.575
c) -0.775
d) -0.0577
View Answer
6. Use Bisection Method to find out the root of x – sinx – 0.5 = 0 between 1 and 2.
a) 1.497
b) 1.947
c) 1.479
d) 1.974
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Iteration table is given as follows:

No. a b c f(a)*f(b)

1 1 2 1.5 -8.554*10

2 1 1.5 1.25 0.068(+)

3 1.25 1.5 1.375 0.021(+)

4 1.375 1.5 1.437 5.679*10-3

5 1.437 1.5 1.469 1.42*10-3(

6 1.469 1.5 1.485 3.042*10-4

7 1.485 1.5 1.493 5.023*10-5

8 1.493 1.5 1.497 2.947*10-6

Since the difference between b and c is less than 0.01 we stop the iterations. So one of the roots of x-
sinx – 0.5 = 0 is approximately 1.497.

7. Find the approximated value of x till 4 iterations for e -x = 3 log(x) using Bisection Method.
a) 1.197
b) 1.187
c) 1.167
d) 1.176
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Iteration table is given as follows.

No. a b c f(a)*f(b)
 1 0.5 1.5 1 0.555(+ve)

2 1 1.5 1.25 -1.555*10-3(-v

3 1 1.25 1.125 0.063(+ve)

4 1.125 1.25 1.187 0.014(+ve)

Hence we stop the iterations after 4. Therefore the approximated value of x is 1.187.

8. Find a root of f (x) = 3x + sin(x) – ex = 0. Use 6 iterations to find the approximate value of x.
a) 0.3605
b) 0.3650
c) 0.3615
d) 0.3655
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The iteration table is given as follows:

No. a b c

1 0 0.5 0.25

2 0.25 0.5 0.393

3 0.65 0.393 0.34

4 0.34 0.393 0.367

5 0.34 0.367 0.354

6 0.354 0.367 0.3605

We have to find the value of x approximated to 6 iterations. So one of the roots of 3x + sin(x) – e x = 0 is
approximately 0.3605.

9. A function is defined as f(x) = x2 – 3. Between the interval [1,2] find the root of the function by
Bisection Method.
a) 1.7334
b) 1.7364
c) 1.7354
d) 1.7344
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: f(x) = x2 – 3.

a b f(a) f(b) c = (a+b)/2 f(c)

1 2 -2 1 1.5 -0.75

1.5 2 -0.75 1 1.75 0.062

1.5 1.75 -0.75 0.0625 1.625 -0.359

1.625 1.75 -0.75 0.0625 1.6875 -0.1523

1.625 1.75 -0.3594 0.0625 1.6875 -0.1523

1.6875 1.75 -0.1523 0.0625 1.7188 -0.0457

1.7188 1.75 -0.0457 0.0625 1.7344 0.0081

1.7266 1.7344 -0.0457 0.0081 1.7266 -0.0189

Thus, with the seventh iteration, we note that the final interval, [1.7266, 1.7344], has a width less than
0.01 and |f(1.7344)| < 0.01. Hence we chose b = 1.7344 to be our approximation of the root.

10. The Bisection method is also known as ___________________

a) Binary Chopping
b) Quaternary Chopping
c) Tri region Chopping
d) Hex region Chopping
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Bisection Method is also called as Binary Chopping. It is a method involving the division of
the interval into half.

1. Using Bisection method find the root of 3x 2 = 5x+2 in the interval [0,3].
a) 0.617
b) 0.527
c) 0.517
d) 0.717
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Function f(x) = 3x2 – 5x – 2 = 0. The Iteration table is given as follows

No. a b c

1 0 3 2.25

2 1.5 3 2.25

3 1.5 2.25 1.875

4 1.875 2.25 2.0625

5 1.875 2.0625 1.96875

6 1.96875 2.0625 2.015625

7 1.96875 2.015625 1.9921875

8 1.9921875 2.015625 2.00390625

9 1.9921875 2.00390625 1.99806875

10 1.998046875 2.00390625 2.000976563

The difference between final values is less than 0.01 hence we stop the iterations. So one of the roots of
f(x) = 3x2 – 5x-2 = 0 is approximately 2.000976563.

2. Find the root of xe-x -0.3 = 0 using Bisection Method in the interval [1,5].
a) 1.68
b) 1.86
c) 1.88
d) 1.66
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Iteration table is given as follows:

No. a b c
 1 1.0 5.0 3.0

2 1.0 3.0 2.0

3 1.0 2.0 1.5

4 1.5 2.0 1.75

5 1.75 2.0 1.875

6 1.75 1.875 1.8125

7 1.75 1.8125 1.78125

8 1.78125 1.8125 1.796875

9 1.78125 1.796875 1.7890625

After 9 iterations the difference between the last 2 values is less than 0.01. Thus the approximated value
of x is 1.7890625.

3. If a function is defined at 2 points 3 and 7 as f(3)=8 and f(7)=12, it is sufficient to find the roots
through Bisection Method.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: If a function is real and continuous in the region from a to b and f(a) and f(b) and if both
have different signs then there is at least one real root between a and b. This is because the function has
to cross the x-axis at least once. The given values are both positive so it is insufficient to find out the
roots through Bisection method.

4. The function on which we use the bisection method is not necessary to be continuous on the interval
we choose.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Bisection Method states that function under Bisection Method must be continuous on
the interval on which the Bisection Method is applied. Moreover the function has to be a real valued to
be able to find the roots by Bisection Method.

5. If it is provided that f(3) = 4 is one of the initial points. What can be the choice of second point for
solving by Bisection Method?
a) -5 such that f(-5) = -26
b) 0 such that f(0) = 5
c) -3 such that f(-3) = -2
d) 13 such that f(13) = 2
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The Bisection Method involves the procedure of solving a numerical through a bracketing
method. This involves defining 2 points where a bracket is small enough and such that f(x) crosses the x-
axis at least once in that interval. Hence option -3 such that f(-3) = -2 is more convenient.

6. What is the percentage decrease in an interval containing root after iteration is applied by Bisection
Method?
a) 20%
b) 30%
c) 40%
d) 50%
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The Bisection Method employs the reduction of any interval by 50% after each iteration.
Hence it is also called as Binary Reduction method.

7. Find the approximated value of x till 6 iterations for x 3-4x+9=0 using Bisection Method. Take a = -3 and
b = -2.
a) -2.703125
b) -1.903125
c) -3.903125
d) -0.703125
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Iteration table is given as follows:

No. a b c

1 -3.0 -2.0 -2.5

2 -3.0 -2.5 -2.75

 3 -2.75 -2.5 -2.625

4 -2.75 -2.625 -2.6875

5 -2.75 -2.6875 -2.71875

6 -2.71875 -2.6875 -2.703125

Hence we stop the iterations after 6. Therefore the approximated value of x is -2.703125.

8. The algorithm provided to find the roots of the function using Bisection Method is given by
____________
a) Bolzano’s theorem
b) Mean Value theorem
c) Bisection theorem
d) Secant theorem
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The Bolzano’s theorem states that if a function is real and continuous in the region from a
to b and f(a) and f(b) and if both have different signs then there is at least one real root between a and
b. This principle or algorithm is used to find the roots of function using Bisection Method.

9. A function is defined as f(x) = x3 – x – 11 = 0. Between the interval [2,3] find the root of the function by
Bisection Method upto 8 iteration?
a) 1.7334
b) 1.7364
c) 1.7354
d) 1.7344
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The Iteration Table is given as follows:

No. a b c

1 2.0 3.0 2.5

2 2.0 2.5 2.25

3 2.25 2.5 2.375

 4 2.375 2.5 2.4375

5 2.375 2.4375 2.40625

6 2.375 2.40625 2.390625

7 2.375 2.390625 2.3828125

8 2.375 2.3828125 2.37890625

Thus, with the 9th iteration, we note that the final value. Hence 2.37890625 is our approximation of the
root.

10. The Bisection method has which of the following convergences?

a) Linear
b) Quadratic
c) Cubic
d) Quaternary
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Bisection Method has a linear convergence. It is generally ½ for most functions.

1. The formula used for solving the equation using Regula Falsi method is x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b).
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Let there be two point a and b between which the root lies.
The slope can be written as
y−f(a)x−a=f(a)−f(b)a−b
let y = f(x) = 0
−f(a)x−a=f(a)−f(b)a−b
Therefore,
x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b).

2. Find the positive root of the equation 3x-cosx-1 using Regula Falsi method and correct upto 4 decimal
places.
a) 0.6701
b) 0.5071
c) 0.6071
d) 0.5701
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: f(0) = -2
f(1) = 1.459697694
Therefore the root lies between 0 and 1 and
a = 0; f(a) = -2
b = 1; f(b) = 1.459697694
Substituting the values in the formula,
x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b),
we get x1=−2−0−2−1.459697694=0.57808519; f(x1) = -0.103254906
Therefore, x1 becomes a to find the next point.
X2=−0.103254906−(0.57808519)(1.459697694)−0.103254906−1.459697694= 0.604952253; f(x2) =
-7.67249301*10-3
Therefore, x2 becomes a to find the next point.
X3=(−7.67249301∗10−3−(0.604952253)(1.459697694)(−7.67249301∗10−3)−1.459697694 =
0.607017853; f(x3) = -2.991836798*10 -4
Therefore, x3 becomes a to find the next point.
X4=(−2.991836798∗10−4)−(0.607017853)(1.459697694)(−2.991836798∗10−4)−1.459697694 =0.607098
383; f(x4) = -1.165728726*10-5
Therefore, x4 becomes a to find the next point.
X5=(−1.165728726∗10−5)−(0.607098383)1.459697694(−1.165728726∗10−5)−1.459697694=0.60710152;
f(x5) = -4.54801046*10-7
Therefore x5 becomes a to find the next point.
X6=(−4.54801046∗10−7)−(0.60710152)(1.459697694)(−4.54801046∗10−7)−1.459697694]= 0.607101642
Therefore, the positive root corrected to 4 decimal places is 0.6071.

3. Find the positive root of the equation x 3 + 2x2 + 10x – 20 using Regula Falsi method and correct upto 4
decimal places.
a) 1.3688
b) 1.3866
c) 1.4688
d) 1.6488
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: f(1) = -7
f(2) = 16
Therefore, root lies between 1 and 2
a = 1; f(a) = -7
b = 2; f(b) = 16
Substituting the values in the formula,
x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b),
we get x1=2(−7)−16−7−16=1.304347826; f(x1) = -1.334757952
Therefore, x1 becomes a to find the next point.
X2=2(−1.334757952)−(1.304347826)16−1.334757952−16= 1.357912305; f(x2) = -0.229135731
Therefore, x2 becomes a to find the next point.
X3=2(−0.229135731)−(1.357912305)16−0.229135731−16=1.366977805; f(x3) = -0.038591868
Therefore, x3 becomes a to find the next point.
X4=2(−0.038591868)−16(1.366977805)−0.038591868−16=1.368500975; f(x4) = -6.478731338*10 -3
Therefore, x4 becomes a to find the next point.
X5=2(−6.478731338∗10−3)−16(1.368500975)(−6.478731338∗10−3)−16= 1.368756579; f(x5) =
-1.087052822 * 10-3
Therefore x5 becomes a to find the next point.
X6=2(−1.087052822∗10−3)−16(1.368756579)(−1.087052822∗10−3)−16=1.368799463; f(x6) =
-1.823661977*10-4
Therefore x6 becomes a to find the next point.
X7=2(−1.823661977∗10−4)−16(1.368799463)(−1.823661977∗10−4)−16=1.368806657; f(x7) =
-3.0601008*10-5
Therefore x7 becomes a to find the next point.
X8=2(−3.0601008∗10−5)−1.368806657(16)(−3.0601008∗10−5)−16=1.368807864.
Therefore, the positive root corrected to 4 decimal places is 1.3688.

4. Find the positive root of the equation 3x+sinx-e x using Regula Falsi method and correct upto 4 decimal
places.
a) 0.4604
b) 0.4306
c) 0.3604
d) 0.4304
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: f(0) = -1
f(1) = 1.123189156
Therefore, root lies between 0 and 1
a = 0; f(a) = -1
b = 1; f(b) = 1.123189156
Substituting the values in the formula,
x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b),
we get x1=−1−1−1.123189156=0.470989594; f(x1) = 0.265158816
Therefore, x1 becomes b to find the next point.
X2=−0.470989594−1−0.265158816=0.372277051; f(x2) = 0.029533668
Therefore, x2 becomes b to find the next point.
X3=−0.029533668−0.029533668−1=0.361597743; f(x3) = 2.940998193*10-3
Therefore, x3 becomes b to find the next point.
X4=−0.361597743−1−(2.940998193∗10−3)=0.360537403; f(x4) = 2.89448416*10 -3
Therefore, x4 becomes b to find the next point.
X5=−0.360537403−1−(2.89448416∗10−3)=0.360433076; f(x5) = 2.84536596 * 10 -5
Therefore x5 becomes b to find the next point.
X6=−0.360433076−1−(2.84536596∗10−5)=0.36042282
Therefore, the positive root corrected to 4 decimal places is 0.3604.

5. Find the positive root of the equation x-cosx using Regula Falsi method and correct to 4 decimal
places.
a) 0.73908
b) 0.63908
c) 0.74980
d) 0.64908
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: f(0) = -1
f(1) = 0.459697694
Therefore, root lies between 0 and 1
a = 0; f(a) = -1
b = 1; f(b) = 0.459697694
Substituting the values in the formula,
x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b),
we get x1=−1−1−0.459697694=0.685073357; f(x1) = -0.089299276
Therefore, x1 becomes a to find the next point.
X2=−0.089299276−0.685073357(0.459697694)−0.089299276−0.459697694= 0.736298997; f(x2) =
-4.66039555*10-3
Therefore, x2 becomes a to find the next point.
X3=−(−4.66039555∗10−3)−0.736298997(0.459697694)(−4.66039555∗10−3)−0.459697694=0.738945355;
f(x3) = -2.339261948*10-4
Therefore, x3 becomes a to find the next point.
X4=(−2.339261948∗10−4)−0.738945355(0.459697694)(−2.339261948∗10−4)−0.459697694=0.73907813;
f(x4) = -1.172028721*10-5
Therefore, x4 becomes a to find the next point.
X5=−(1.172028721∗10−5)−0.73907813(0.459697694)(−1.172028721∗10−5)−0.459697694=0.739084782
Therefore, the positive root corrected to 4 decimal places is 0.73908.

6. Find the positive root of the equation xe x-3 using Regula Falsi method and correct to 4 decimal places.
a) 1.0498
b) 1.4089
c) 2.0489
d) 2.4089
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: f(1) = -0.281718171
f(2) = 11.7781122
Therefore, root lies between 1 and 2
a = 1; f(a) = -0.281718171
b = 2; f(b) = 11.7781122
Substituting the values in the formula,
x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b),
we get x1=2(−0.281718171)−11.7781122−0.281718171−11.7781122=1.023360044; f(x1) = -0.152471518
Therefore, x1 becomes a to find the next point.
X2=2(−0.152471518)−1.023360044(11.7781122)−0.152471518−11.7781122=1.03584141; f(x2) =
-0.081541799
Therefore, x2 becomes a to find the next point.
X3=2(−0.081541799)−1.03584141(11.7781122)−0.081541799−11.7781122=1.042470543; f(x3) =
-0.043329034
Therefore, x3 becomes a to find the next point.
X4=2(−0.043329034)−1.042470543(11.7781122)−0.043329034−11.7781122=1.045980168; f(x4) =
-0.022944949
Therefore, x4 becomes a to find the next point.
X5=2(−0.022944949)−1.045980168(11.7781122)−0.022944949−11.7781122=1.047835063; f(x5) =
-0.012128518
Therefore x5 becomes a to find the next point.
X6=2(−0.012128518)−1.047835063(11.7781122)−0.012128518−11.7781122=1.048809506; f(x6) =
-6.43428458*10-3
Therefore x6 becomes a to find the next point.
X7=2(−6.43428458∗10−3)−1.048809506(11.7781122)−(6.43428458∗10−3)−11.7781122=1.04932885;
f(x7) = -3.396085929*10-3
Therefore x7 becomes a to find the next point.
X8=2(−3.396085929∗10−3)−1.04932885(11.7781122)(−3.396085929∗10−3)−11.7781122= 1.049602886;
f(x8) = -1.792004364*10-3
Therefore x8 becomes a to find the next point.
X9=2(−1.792004364∗10−3)−1.049602886(11.7781122)(−1.792004364∗10−3)−11.7781122=1.049773434;
f(x9)=-7.933671744 * 10-4
Therefore x9 becomes a to find the next point.
X10=2(−7.933671744∗10−4)−(1.049773434)11.7781122(−7.933671744∗10−4)−11.7781122 =
1.049837436.
Therefore, the positive root corrected to 4 decimal places is 1.0498.

7. Find the positive root of the equation 4x = e x using Regula Falsi method and correct to 4 decimal
places.
a) 0.5374
b) 0.3574
c) 0.3647
d) 0.4673
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: f(0) = -1
f(1) = 1.281718172
Therefore, root lies between 0 and 1
a = 0; f(a) = -1
b = 1; f(b) = 1.281718172
Substituting the values in the formula,
x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b),
we get x1=−1−1−1.281718172=0.43826622; f(x1) = 0.203047383
Therefore, x1 becomes b to find the next point.
X2=0.43826622−1−0.203047383= 0.364296723; f(x2) = 0.017685609
Therefore, x2 becomes b to find the next point.
X3=−0.364296723−1−0.017685609=0.357965878; f(x3) = 1.446702162*10 -3
Therefore, x3 becomes b to find the next point.
X4=−0.357965878−1−(1.446702162∗10−3)=0.357448756; f(x4) = 1.177221*10 -4
Therefore, x4 becomes b to find the next point.
X5=−0.357448756−1−(1.177221∗10−4)= 0.357406681
Therefore, the positive root corrected to 4 decimal places is 0.3574.

8. Find the positive root of the equation xlogx = 1.2 using Regula Falsi method and correct to 4 decimal
places.
a) 2.7406
b) 2.4760
c) 2.5760
d) 2.4706
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: f(2) = -0.597940008
f(3) = 0.231363764
Therefore, root lies between 2 and 3
a = 2; f(a) = -0.597940008
b = 3; f(b) = 0.231363764
Substituting the values in the formula,
x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b),
we get x1=3(−0.597940008)−2(0.231363764)−0.597940008−0.231363764=2.721014456; f(x1) =
-0.017091075
Therefore, x1 becomes a to find the next point.
X2=3(−0.017091075)−2.721014456(0.231363764)−0.017091075−0.231363764=2.740205722; f(x2) =
-3.840558354*10-4
Therefore, x2 becomes a to find the next point.
X3=3(−3.840558354∗10−4)−2.740205722(0.231363764)
(−3.840558354∗10−4)−0.231363764)=2.740636257; f(x3) = -8.58117537*10 -6
Therefore, x3 becomes a to find the next point.
X4=3(−8.58117537∗10−6)−(2.740636257)0.231363764(−8.58117537∗10−6)−0.231363764=2.740645876.
Therefore, the positive root corrected to 4 decimal places is 2.7406.

9. Find the positive root of the equation e -x = sinx using Regula Falsi method and correct upto 4 decimal
places.
a) 0.5855
b) 0.6685
c) 0.5885
d) 0.6885
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: f(0) = 1
f(1) = -0.473591543
Therefore, root lies between 0 and 1
a = 0; f(a) = 1
b = 1; f(b) = -0.473591543
Substituting the values in the formula,
x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b),
we get x1=11+0.473591543=0.954782316; f(x1) = -0.431292064
Therefore, x1 becomes b to find the next point.
X2=0.9547823161+0.4312920640.667077209; f(x2) = -0.105486008
Therefore, x2 becomes b to find the next point.
X3=0.6670772091+0.105486008= 0.60342438; f(x3) = -0.020529909
Therefore, x3 becomes b to find the next point.
X4=0.603424381+0.020529909=0.591285345; f(x4) = -3.813368755*10 -3
Therefore, x4 becomes b to find the next point.
X5=0.5912853451+(3.813368755∗10−3)=0.589039121; f(x5) = -7.021514375*10 -4
Therefore x5 becomes b to find the next point.
X6=0.5890391211+(7.021514375∗10−4)=0.588625816; f(x6) = -1.29077269*10 -4
Therefore x6 becomes b to find the next point.
X7=0.5886258161+(1.29077269∗10−4)= 0.588549847; f(x7) = -2.372079757*10 -5
Therefore x7 becomes b to find the next point.
X8=0.5885498471+(2.372079757∗10−5)=0.588535886.
Therefore, the positive root corrected to 4 decimal places is 0.5885.

10. Find the positive root of the equation x 3 + 2x2 + 50x + 7 = 0 using Regula Falsi method and correct to
4 decimal places.
a) 0.14073652
b) 0.24073652
c) 0.42076352
d) doesn’t have any positive root
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The given equation doesn’t have any positive root as there is no sign change for any
positive integer.

11. Find the positive root of the equation x 3 – 4x – 9 = 0 using Regula Falsi method and correct to 4
decimal places.
a) 2.6570
b) 2.7605
c) 2.7506
d) 2.7065
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: f(2) = -9
f(3) = 6
Therefore, root lies between 2 and 3
a = 2; f(a) = -9
b = 3; f(b) = 6
Substituting the values in the formula,
x=bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b),
we get x1=3(−9)−2(6)−9−6=2.6; f(x1) = -1.824
Therefore, x1 becomes a to find the next point.
X2=3(−1.824)−2.6(6)−1.824−6= 2.693251534; f(x2) = -0.23722651
Therefore, x2 becomes a to find the next point.
X3=3(−0.23722651)−2.693251534(6)−0.23722651−6=2.704918397; f(x3) = -0.028912179
Therefore, x3 becomes a to find the next point.
X4=3(−0.028912179)−2.704918397(6)−0.028912179−6=2.70633487; f(x4) = -3.495420729*10 -3
Therefore, x4 becomes a to find the next point.
X5=3(−3.495420729∗10−3)−2.70633487(6)(−3.495420729∗10−3)−6=2.706505851; f(x5) =
-3.973272762*10-4
Therefore x5 becomes a to find the next point.
X6=3(−3.973272762∗10−4)−2.706505851(6)(−3.973272762∗20−4)−6=2.706525285.
Therefore, the positive root corrected to 4 decimal places is 2.7065.

12. Find the positive root of the equation x 3 – 4x + 9 = 0 using Regula Falsi method and correct to 4
decimal places.
a) 3.706698931
b) 2.706698931
c) 3.076698931
d) no positive roots
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The given equation doesn’t have any positive root ass there is no sign change for any
positive values.

13. Find the positive root of the equation e x = 3x using Regula Falsi method and correct to 4 places.
a) 0.6190
b) 0.7091
c) 0.7901
d) 0.6910
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: f(0) = 1
f(1) = -0.281718171
Therefore, root lies between 0 and 1
a = 0; f(a) = 1
b = 1; f(b) = -0.281718171
Substituting the values in the formula,
x = bf(a)−af(b)f(a)−f(b),
we get x1=11+0.281718171=0.780202717; f(x1) = -0.158693619
Therefore, x1 becomes b to find the next point.
X2=0.7802027171+0.158693619=0.673346865; f(x2) = -0.059251749
Therefore, x2 becomes b to find the next point.
X3=0.6733468651+0.059251749=0.635681617; f(x3) = -0.018736045
Therefore, x3 becomes b to find the next point.
X4=0.6356916171+0.018736045=0.623990502; f(x4) = -5.610588465*10 -3
Therefore, x4 becomes b to find the next point.
X5=0.6239905021+(5.610588465∗10−3)=0.62050908; f(x5) = -1.652615179*10 -3
Therefore x5 becomes b to find the next point.
X6=0.620509081+(1.652615179∗10−3)=0.619485309; f(x6) = -4.844127073*10 -4
Therefore x6 becomes b to find the next point.
X7=0.6194853091+(4.844127073∗10−4)= 0.619195367; f(x7) = -1.417874765*10 -4
Therefore x7 becomes b to find the next point.
X8=0.6191953671+(1.417874765∗10−4)=0.619097586; f(x8) = -4.14829789*10 -5
Therefre x8 becomes b to find the next point.
X9=0.6190975861+(4.14828789∗10−5)=0.619071905
Therefore, the positive root corrected to 4 decimal places is 0.6190.

1. What is the region of convergence of Secant Method?

a) 1.5
b) 1.26
c) 1.62
d) 1.66
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The region of convergence of Secant Method is 1.62. It converges faster than Bisection
method.

2. Secant Method is also called as?

a) 2-point method
b) 3-point method
c) 4-point method
d) 5-point method
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Secant Method is also called as 2-point method. In Secant Method we require at least 2
values of approximation to obtain a more accurate value.
3. Secant method converges faster than Bisection method.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Secant method converges faster than Bisection method. Secant method has a convergence
rate of 1.62 where as Bisection method almost converges linearly.

4. The iterative formula for a secant method is given as _________

a) x(n+1)=x(n−1)f[x(n)]−x(n)f[x(n−1)][f[x(n)]−f[x(n−1)]]
b) x(n+1)=x(n)f[x(n)]−x(n)f[x(n−1)][f[x(n)]−f[x(n−1)]]
c) x(n+1)=x(n−1)f[x(n)]−x(n−1)f[x(n−1)][f[x(n)]−f[x(n−1)]]
d) x(n+1)=x(n)f[x(n)]−x(n−1)f[x(n−1)][f[x(n)]−f[x(n−1)]]
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The Iterative formula for a Secant Method is given by
x(n+1)=x(n−1)f[x(n)]−x(n)f[x(n−1)][f[x(n)]−f[x(n−1)]]
Since there are 2 points considered in the Secant Method, it is also called 2-point method.

5. Secant Method is slower than Newton Raphson Method.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Secant Method is faster as compares to Newton Raphson Method. Secant Method requires
only 1 evaluation per iteration whereas Newton Raphson Method requires 2.

6. The number of iterations in Secant Method are less as compared to Newton Raphson.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The number of iterations required for Secant Method is less than Newton Raphson
Method. Secant Method requires only 1 evaluation per iteration whereas Newton Raphson Method
requires 2.

7. A quadratic equation x2-4x+4=0 is defined with an initial guess of 3 and 2.5. Find the approximated
value of root using Secant Method.
a) 1.33
b) 2.33
c) 3.33
d) 4.33
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Secant Method the iterative formula is given as:
x(n+1)=x(n−1)f[x(n)]−x(n)f[x(n−1)][f[x(n)]−f[x(n−1)]]
For n=1
x(2)=x(0)f[x(1)]−x(1)f[x(0)][f[x(1)]−f[x(0)]]
x(0)=3 and x(1)=2.5, f(x0)=1 and f(x1)=0.25
Hence x2=2.33.

8. A quadratic equation x2-4x+4=0 is defined with an initial guess of 2 and 2.5. Find the approximated
value of root using Secant Method.
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: By Secant Method the iterative formula is given as:
x(n+1)=x(n−1)f[x(n)]−x(n)f[x(n−1)][f[x(n)]−f[x(n−1)]]
For n=1
x(2)=x(0)f[x(1)]−x(1)f[x(0)][f[x(1)]−f[x(0)]]
x(0)=2 and x(1)=2.5, f(x0)=0 and f(x1)=0.25
Hence x2=2. Hence for x2=2 f(x) converges to exact root.

9. A quadratic equation x2-4x+4=0 is defined with an initial guess of 10 and 20. Find the approximated
value of x2 using Secant Method.
a) 7.538
b) 7.853
c) 7.358
d) 7.835
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: By Secant Method the iterative formula is given as:
x(n+1)=x(n−1)f[x(n)]−x(n)f[x(n−1)][f[x(n)]−f[x(n−1)]]
For n=1
x(2)=x(0)f[x(1)]−x(1)f[x(0)][f[x(1)]−f[x(0)]]
x(0)=10 and x(1)=20, f(x0)=0 and f(x1)=0.25
Hence x2 = 7.538.

10. A quadratic equation x4-x-8=0 is defined with an initial guess of 1 and 2. Find the approximated value
of x2 using Secant Method.
a) 7.538
b) 7.853
c) 7.358
d) 1.571
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: By Secant Method the iterative formula is given as:
x(n+1)=x(n−1)f[x(n)]−x(n)f[x(n−1)][f[x(n)]−f[x(n−1)]]
For n=1
x(2)=x(0)f[x(1)]−x(1)f[x(0)][f[x(1)]−f[x(0)]]
x(0)=1 and x(1)=2, f(x0)=-8 and f(x1)=6
Hence x2= 1.571.

1. Rate of convergence of the Newton-Raphson method is generally __________

a) Linear
b) Quadratic
c) Super-linear
d) Cubic
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Rate of convergence of the Newton-Raphson method is generally Linear. It
states that the value of root through the Newton Raphson method converges slowly.
2. The equation f(x) is given as x 3 – x2 + 4x – 4 = 0. Considering the initial approximation at
x=2 then the value of next approximation correct upto 2 decimal places is given as
__________
a) 0.67
b) 1.33
c) 1.00
d) 1.50
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Iterative formula for Newton Raphson method is given by
x(1)=x(0)+f(x(0))f′x(x(0)).
Hence x0=2 (initial guess), f(x0)=8 and f’(x0)=12.
Substituting the values in the equation we get x 1=1.33
3. The Newton-Raphson method of finding roots of nonlinear equations falls under the
category of which of the following methods?
a) bracketing
b) open
c) random
d) graphical
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The Newton Raphson method involves the guessing of the root. Hence it falls
under open methods.
4. The Iterative formula for Newton Raphson method is given by __________
a) x1 = x0-f(x0)/f’(x0)
b) x0 = x1-f(x0)/f‘(x0)
c) x0 = x1+f(x0)/f’(x0)
d) x1 = x0+f(x0)/f‘(x0)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Iterative formula for Newton Raphson method is given by x(1)=x(0)+ f(x(0))f
′x(x(0)). It depends on the initial value and converges slowly.

5. If f(x) = x2 – 153 = 0 then the iterative formula for Newton Raphson Method is given by
__________
a) x(n+1) = 0.5 [x(n)+ 153x(n)]
b) x(n+1) = 0.5 [x(n)-153x(n)]
c) x(n+1) = [x(n)+153x(n)]
d) x(n+1) = [x(n)-153x(n)]
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Consider x(n+1)=0.5 [x(n)+ Nx(n)]
Where N=117. Hence x(n+1)=0.5 [x(n)+117x(n)].
6. In Newton Raphson method if the curve f f(x) is constant then __________
a) f’’(x)=0
b) f(x)=0
c) f’(x)=0
d) f’(x)=c
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: If the curve f(x) is constant then the slope of the tangent drawn to the curve at
an initial point is zero. Hence the value of f’(x) is zero.
7. For what values of 0 the initial guess will be equal to the next iterative values?
a) 70 degrees
b) 90 degrees
c) 100 degrees
d) 55 degrees
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Iterative formula is given by x(1) = x(0) + f(x(0))f′x(x(0)). For f’(x0) at x=90
degrees approaches ∞. Then for all values of x 1=x0. Hence if f(x0) = 0 then the tan0=90
degrees.
8. The equation f(x) is given as x2-4=0. Considering the initial approximation at x=6 then the
value of next approximation correct upto 2 decimal places is given as __________
a) 3.33
b) 1.33
c) 2.33
d) 4.33
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Iterative formula for Newton Raphson method is given by
x(1)=x(0)+f(x(0))f′x(x(0)).
Hence x0=6 (initial guess), f(x0)=32 and f’(x0)=12.
Substituting the values in the equation we get x 1=3.33.
9. At which point the iterations in the Newton Raphson method are stopped?
a) When the consecutive iterative values of x are not equal
b) When the consecutive iterative values of x differ by 2 decimal places
c) When the consecutive iterative values of x differ by 3 decimal places
d) When the consecutive iterative values of x are equal
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: When the consecutive values of iterations are equal the iterations of Newton
Raphson method are stopped. This allows maximum accuracy as compared to other
methods.
10. The Newton Raphson method fails if __________
a) f’(x0)=0
b) f’’(x0)=0
c) f(x0)=0
d) f’’’(x0)=0
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When f’(x0) becomes zero then the value of f(x 0)/f’(x0) becomes ∞. Hence
Newton Raphson method fails at f’(x0)=0.
1. Which of the following option is correct when addition of two matrices A and B is possible?
a) both are rectangular
b) both have same order
c) no of columns of A is equal to columns of B
d) no of rows of A is equal to no of columns of B
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: This is because addition is only possible if each element in one matrix has a corresponding
element in the second matrix. This will occur when both the matrices have same order.

2. If A is a symmetric matrix, then At will be equal to which of the following?

a) A
b) |A|
c) 0
d) diagonal matrix
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: This is because for a symmetric matrix, elements in the row of a certain column are same as
the elements in a certain row. Hence, a matrix and its transpose remain same.

3. Which of the following option is correct when multiplication of two matrices A and B is possible?
a) both are rectangular
b) both have same order
c) number of rows of A is equal to rows of B
d) number of rows of A is equal to number of columns of B
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Multiplication is possible only when number of columns of A is equal to rows of B. And, the
matrices having same order do follow this property.

4.The matrix [5 0

05] is?
a) Even matrix
b) Odd matrix
c) Scalar matrix
d) Identity matrix
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: If the identity matrix has other numbers in place of 1 it is said to be a scalar matrix. Identity
matrix is also a type of scalar matrix.

5. What do we call the number of non-zero rows in an echelon matrix?

a) reduced echelon matrix
b) order of a matrix
c) determinant of a matrix
d) rank of a matrix
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The number of non-zero rows in an echelon matrix is called as rank of a matrix. This is a
method used to determine the rank of a matrix.

6. If AB exists, then (AB)-1 will be equal to which of the following?

a) A-1 B-1
b) B-1 A-1
c) AB
d) BA
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Inverse acts on product inversely. The inverse operation acting on the product first applies
on the last matrix and then moves towards the first matrix if product is of more than two matrices.

7. Which of the following is true if two matrices A and B are equal?

a) both are rectangular
b) both have same order
c) number of columns of A is equal to columns of B
d) both have same order and equal corresponding elements
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Both should have same order and equal corresponding elements. This is the criterion for
being equal.

8. What do we call the matrices obtained by changing rows and columns?

a) rectangular matrix
b) transpose
c) symmetric
d) scalar
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Matrix obtained by changing rows and columns is called as transpose. It can be obtained by
exchanging the indices of elements of the matrix.

9. What is the order of the matrix with m rows and n columns?

a) m + n
b) n x n
c) m x m
d) m x n
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The order of a matrix is given by number of rows X number of columns. So, here it is m X n.

10. What is the order of the matrix [2 4 3]?

a) 1 X 3
b) 3 X 1
c) 1 X 1
d) 3 X 3
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Order of a matrix is given by number of rows X no. of columns. Here, number of rows is 1
and number of columns is 3.

11. Which of the following is true if A is a singular matrix?

a) It contains all elements equal to 1
b) It contains single element
c) Its determinant is zero
d) It contains all elements equal to 0
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: A matrix is called singular if its determinant is equal to zero. A matrix containing all
elements equal to 0 is called as a null matrix.
12. What is x, if P = [124x] is a singular matrix?
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: x (1) – 2(4) = 0
x = 8.

1. The problems which deal with the analysis of electronic circuits consisting of invariant
elements depend on __________
a) The solution of simultaneous algebraic equations
b) Solution of transcendental equations
c) Interpolation problems
d) Finite difference method
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The problems which deal with the analysis of electronic circuits consisting of
invariant elements depend upon linear equations with certain variables which can be solved
by finding solution of simultaneous algebraic equations.
2. Which of the methods is direct method for solving simultaneous algebraic equations?
a) Jacobi’s method
b) Relaxation method
c) Cramer’s rule
d) Gauss seidel method
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Cramer’s rule is the direct method for solving simultaneous algebraic
equations. In other methods, certain iterations are involved and that’s why the process
becomes tedious and consequently indirect.
3. How many types of methods are there to solve simultaneous algebraic equations?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There are two types of methods to solve simultaneous algebraic equations,
namely, direct and iterative methods.
4. Direct methods are preferred over iterative methods as they provide solution faster.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Iterative methods are preferred over direct methods as they provide solution
faster. And, amount of accuracy depends upon accuracy desired which is achieved by
iterative methods.
5. Which of the following method generally converges the solution?
a) Hit and trial method
b) Approximation method
c) Iterative method
d) Direct method
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Iterative methods generally converge the solution to get the results faster. With
the increase in the number of iterations, the results tend to reach the correct solution.
6. What are the advantages of direct methods for solving the simultaneous algebraic
equations?
a) Rounding of errors get propagated
b) Quite time consuming
c) Requires more recording of data
d) Yield a solution after a finite number of steps for any non-singular set of equations
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The only advantage of direct method is that we can yield a solution after a
finite number of steps for any non-singular set of equations.
7. How many types of instabilities occur while solving a linear system of equations?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There are two types of instabilities which occur while solving a linear system of
equations, namely, induced and inherent stability.
8. What is induced instability?
a) Instability due to reduction in problem
b) Instability due to number of computations
c) Instability due to errors in programming
d) Instability due to incorrect choice of method for solving equations
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Induced instability is the Instability due to incorrect choice of method for
solving equations. As different methods have different accuracy level.
9. What is inherent instability?
a) Instability due to convergence of solution
b) Instability due to ill conditioned set of equations
c) Instability due to propagation of rounding of errors
d) Instability due to incorrect choice of method of solution
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Inherent instability is the Instability due to ill conditioned set of equations. The
linear system is called ill conditioned, if small changes in the coefficients of equations result
in small changes in the values of the unknowns.
10. When the linear system is called ill conditioned?
a) If small changes in the coefficients of equations result in large changes in the values of
the unknowns
b) If reduction is done in the problem
c) If the programming of linear system is expensive
d) If small changes in the coefficients of equations result in small changes in the values of
the unknowns
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The linear system is called ill conditioned, if small changes in the coefficients
of equations result in large changes in the values of the unknowns.
11. If approximate solution of the set of equations, 2x+2y-z = 6, x+y+2z = 8 and -x+3y+2z =
4, is given by x = 2.8 y = 1 and z = 1.8. Then, what is the exact solution?
a) x = 3 , y = 1 , z =2
b) x = 1 , y = 2 , z =2
c) x = 2 , y = 3 , z = 1
d) x = 1 , y = 3 , z = 2
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Substituting the approximate values x’ = 2.8, y’ = 1 z’ = 1.8 in the given
equations, we get
2(2.8) + 2(1) – 1.8 = 5.8 …………..(i)
2.8 + 1 + 2(1.8) = 7.4 ……………..(ii)
-2.8 +3(1) + 2(1.8) = 3.8 …………..(iii)

Subtracting each equation (i), (ii), (iii) from the corresponding given equations we obtain

2xe + 2ye – ze = 0.2 …………….(iv)

Xe + ye +2ze = 0.6 ………………(v)
-xe + 3ye + 2ze = 0.2 ……………(vi)
Where xe = x – 2.8, ye = y – 1, ze = z = 1.8.
Solving the equations (iv), (v), (vi), we get x e = 0.2, ye = 0, ze = 0.2.
This gives the better solution x = 3, y = 1, z = 2, which incidentally is the exact solution.
12. 1.01x + 2y and x + 2y = 2 is well conditioned set of linear equations.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Its solution is x = 1 and y = 0.5.
Now consider the system x + 2.01y = 2.04 and x + 2y = 2 which has the solution x = -6 and
y = 4.
Hence the system is ill conditioned.
13. How can we avoid instability?
a) Reformulation of problem suitably
b) Making small changes in the coefficients of equations
c) Choosing the method involving higher computations
d) Rounding off the errors
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We can only avoid instability by reformulating the problem suitably. Making
small changes in the coefficients would be a hit and trial process. Rounding off and
choosing the method involving higher computations are completely unpredictable process.
This set of Numerical Methods MCQs focuses on “Solution of Linear Simultaneous Equation
using Iterative Methods”.

1. The time taken to solve a system of equations using direct method is more than the time
taken by iterative methods.
a) True
b)False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The time taken to solve a system of equations using direct method is less than
the time taken by iterative methods because direct methods involve less computations than
iterative methods.
2. The process of constructing a sequence of vectors and obtaining the solution of a system
using specified accuracy is called _________
a) Elimination
b) Reduction
c) Iteration
d) Raphson method
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The process of constructing a sequence of vectors and obtaining the solution
of a system using specified accuracy is called iteration. Elimination and reduction are not
sequential processes. Raphson method is a method which is employed for finding the roots
of an equation through some different procedure.
3. Numerical techniques more commonly involve _______
a) Iterative method
b) Direct method
c) Elimination method
d) Reduction method
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Numerical techniques more commonly involve an iteration method due to the
degree of accuracy involved. This is because, iterations reduce the approximation errors
which may occur in numerical problems. They perform sequential operations which in turn
increases the accuracy.
4. What is the primary drawback of using direct methods of solution?
a) They yield solution after a certain amount of fixed computation
b) They have large calculations involved
c) They make use of back substitution
d) They do not achieve the desirable accuracy
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The drawback of using direct methods of solution is that these methods yield
solution after a certain amount of fixed computation. There are no calculations and back
substitution in direct methods. Their accuracy is less than that of iterative methods, but that
is not the primary drawback.
5. In an iterative method, the amount of computation depends on the _________
a) Number of variables
b) Degree of accuracy
c) Rounding of errors
d) Ease of using the operators
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: In an iterative method, the amount of computation depends on the degree of
accuracy required. More is the accuracy required, more will be the number of computations
involved.
6. Iteration is also called as ________
a) Accurate process
b) Self-correcting process
c) Approximate process
d) Rounding off process
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Iteration is also called as self-correcting process as with the sequence of
operations, accuracy increases accompanied by corrections in the process. Any error made
at any stage of computation gets automatically corrected in the subsequent steps.
7. Which of the following is an iterative method?
a) Gauss Jordan
b) Gauss Elimination
c) Gauss seidal
d) Factorization
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gauss seidal method is an iterative method. Gauss elimination is based upon
elimination of unknowns. Gauss Jordan is based on back substitution as well as elimination.
Factorization is based upon formation of two triangular matrices with a matrix.
8. Why iterative methods are called as self correcting?
a) Iterations involve repetition
b) Checks occurring during the process ensure that the errors are reduced
c) Any error made at any stage of computation gets automatically corrected in the
subsequent steps
d) After each step, validity of the method is checked.
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Any error made at any stage of computation gets automatically corrected in the
subsequent steps that’s why iterative methods are called self-correcting.
9. Which of the following is not an iterative method?
a) Jacobi’s method
b) Gauss Seidal method
c) Relaxation method
d) Gauss Jordan method
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Jacobi’s method, Gauss Seidal method and Relaxation method are the
iterative methods and Gauss Jordan method is not as it does not involves repetition of a
particular set of steps followed by some sequence which is known as iteration.
10. Number of iteration depends on the _________
a) Initial value taken to start the iteration
b) Type of linear equations
c) Number of unknowns
d) Approximations to be done
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Number of iteration depends on the initial value taken to start the iteration. The
initial value shows the amount of accuracy that has to be achieved. And we know that, more
is the accuracy required, more will be the number iterations.
1. The inverse of a matrix exists if and only if it is a non-singular matrix.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The inverse exists for a non-singular matrix because for a singular matrix, the
value of determinant is zero, which in turn makes the value of inverse according to the
following relation:
A  = Adj (A)/|A|
-1

2. Matrix inverse in for systems of equation is used to determine which of the following?
a) identified set of equation
b) variable set of equation
c) solution set of equations
d) constant set of equations
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: It is used to determine solution set of equations, by using different methods
like Cramer’s rule, Gauss Jordan, etc.
3. Matrix which does not have an inverse by solving it, is classified as which of the
following?
a) unidentified matrix
b) linear matrix
c) non-singular matrix
d) singular matrix
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: This is because singular matrices do not have inverse, because the value of
their determinant is zero.
4. Multiplicative inverse matrix generalized form to solve is which of the following?
a) AA-1 = A-1A = I
b) AA  =
-2
A-3A = I
c) 3AA  = 4
AA-1
= I
d) AA-1 = 2A-5A = Q
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This is because product of a matrix and its inverse is always an identity matrix.
5. Which of the following relation describes the solution of system of equation in form of AX
= B?
a) A-1AX = A-1B
b) B-1AX = A-1B
c) AB AX -1
= AB-1X
d) X AB
-1
= A-1BX
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We have, A-1AX = A-1B which is same as X = A -1B, and this is the primary
relation employed for finding inverse.
6. Equations are linearly dependent, in a system of linear equations, if and only if?
a) A-2 must exists
b) A  does
-1
not exist
c) A-3 does not exist
d) A-4 must exist
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: If the equations are linearly dependent, the determinant of the matrix would be
zero and hence, no inverse exists for such a matrix.
7. Find inverse of the following matrix?
⎡⎣⎢111−112114⎤⎦⎥
a) 1/6 ⎡⎣⎢111−112114⎤⎦⎥
b) 1/6 ⎡⎣⎢1511−16164⎤⎦⎥
c) 1/6 ⎡⎣⎢181−112164⎤⎦⎥
d) 1/6 ⎡⎣⎢1011−13114⎤⎦⎥
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We have, the minor of the (1, 1) entry is ∣∣∣1214∣∣∣
The minor of the entry (1, 2) is∣∣∣1114∣∣∣
Repeating this process, the matrix of minors is
⎛⎝⎜2−6−2330132⎞⎠⎟.
Next we negate every other entry, according to the pattern
⎛⎝⎜+−+−+−+−+⎞⎠⎟.
The matrix of minors becomes
⎛⎝⎜26−2−3301−32⎞⎠⎟.
Transposing, we get ⎛⎝⎜2−3163−3−202⎞⎠⎟.
In order to divide by the determinant we must first compute it.
We can compute that det = 6.
Hence,
A-1 = 16⎛⎝⎜2−3163−3−202⎞⎠⎟.
8. Solve the following equation by matrix inversion.
(210316) (xy) = (12)

a) (8−5)

b) (5−3)

c) (6−7)

d) (9−5)

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: We observe that this matrix equation is in the standard form Ax=b, where
A = (210316)

X = (xy)

b = (12)

The determinant of A is 2(16) – 3(10) = 2.

Hence,
A-1 = (8−5−3/21)

The solution to the linear system is given by x = A -1b.

X = (8−5−3/21)(12)

Computing the matrix multiplication,

X = (xy) = (8(1)−3/2(2)−5(1)+1(2)) =(5−3).

9. Non square matrices do not have inverse.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Solving for an inverse needs an adjoint and a determinant which are found
only for the square matrices.
10. What is the drawback of finding inverse by adjoint method?
a) It needs a lot of calculations
b) It gives incorrect answers
c) It assumes certain values
d) It is solved by approximating certain values
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The main drawback is that it needs a lot of calculations and hence it is lengthy,
so new faster methods are developed to remove this drawback.
1. Solve the following equations by Gauss Elimination Method.

x+4y-z = -5

x+y-6z = -12

3x-y-z = 4

a) x = 1.64791, y = 1.14085, z = 2.08451

b) x = 1.65791, y = 1.14185, z = 2.08441
c) x = 1.64691, y = 1.14095, z = 2.08461
d) x = 1.64491, y = 1.15085, z = 2.09451
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By Gauss Elimination method we get
⎡⎣⎢11341−1−1−6−1⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢−5−124⎤⎦⎥
By R2-R1 and R3-3R1
⎡⎣⎢1004−3−13−1−52⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢−5−719⎤⎦⎥
R3-(-13/-3)*R2
⎡⎣⎢1.0000004.0000−3.00000−1.0000−5.000023.6667⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢−5−749.3
3333⎤⎦⎥
x+4y-z = -5
-3y-5z = -7
23.6667z = 49.3333
Hence, z = 2.08451
-3y = -7+5z
Hence, y = -1.14085
x = -4y+z-5
Hence, x = 1.64791.
2. Find the values of x, y, z in the following system of equations by gauss Elimination
Method.

2x + y – 3z = -10

-2y + z = -2

z=6

a) 2, 4, 6
b) 2, 7, 6
c) 3, 4, 6
d) 2, 4, 5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By Gauss Elimination method we get
⎡⎣⎢2001−20−311⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢−10−26⎤⎦⎥
z = 6.
-2y+z = -2
Hence y = 4.
2x + y – 3z = -10
Hence z = 6.
3. Solve the given system of equation by Gauss Elimination method.

3x + 4y – z = -6

-2y + 10z = -8

4y – 2z = -2

a) (-2, -1, -1)

b) (-1, -2, -1)
c) (-1, -1, -2)
d) (-1, -1, -1)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Here,
⎡⎣⎢3004−24−110−2⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢−6−8−2⎤⎦⎥
The Matrix almost represents a triangular Matrix. Multiplying Row2 by 2 and adding it to
Row 3 we get a Upper Triangular Matrix with
x, y, z = (-1, -1, -1).
4. The following system of equation has:

x–y–z=4

2x – 2y – 2z = 8

5x – 5y – 5z = 20

a) Unique Solution
b) No solution
c) Infinitely many Solutions
d) Finite solutions
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Multiplying Row 1 by -2, then adding Row 1 and Row 2 the 1st row of matrix
gets reduced 0.
⎡⎣⎢0250−2−50−2−5⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢0820⎤⎦⎥
Hence, there are infinitely many solutions.
5. Solve this system of equations and comment on the nature of the solution using Gauss
Elimination method.

x+y+z=0

-x – y + 3z = 3

-x – y – z = 2

a) Unique Solution
b) No solution
c) Infinitely many Solutions
d) Finite solutions
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Gauss Elimination method we add Row 1 and Row 3 to get the following
matrix
⎡⎣⎢1−101−10130⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢032⎤⎦⎥
Hence the matrix has no solution as 0 ≠ 2.
6. The aim of elimination steps in Gauss elimination method is to reduce the coefficient
matrix to ____________
a) diagonal
b) identity
c) lower triangular
d) upper triangular
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In Gauss elimination method we tend to reduce the given Matrix to an Upper
Triangular matrix to solve for x, y, z.
7. Division by zero during in Gaussian elimination of the set of equations [A] * [X]=[C]
signifies the coefficient matrix [A] is ____________
a) Invertible
b) Non Singular
c) Not determinable to be singular or non singular
d) Singular
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Division by zero in Gauss Elimination method is not related to whether the
matrix is singular or not.
8. In which of the following both sides of equation are multiplied by non-zero constant?
a) Gauss Elimination Method
b) Gaussian Inconsistent procedure
c) Gaussian consistent procedure
d) Gaussian substitute procedure
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gauss Elimination method employs both sides of equation to be multiplied by a
non-zero constant. The matrix is then reduced to Upper Triangular Matrix to get values of
the respective variables.
9. In Gaussian elimination method, original equations are transformed by using
_____________
a) Column operations
b) Row Operations
c) Mathematical Operations
d) Subset Operation
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Row Operations are used in Gauss Elimination method to reduce the Matrix to
an Upper Triangular Matrix and thus solve for x, y, z.
10. The following information related the velocity and time of a vehicle. It governs a
quadratic equation v(t)=at2+bt+c. Hence find the Matrix which represents the equation most
accurately.
T s 0 14 15 20

V m/s 0 227.04 362.78 517.35

a) ⎡⎣⎢176225400141520111⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢abc⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢227.04362.78517.35⎤⎦⎥
b) ⎡⎣⎢225400900152030111⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢abc⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢362.78517.35602.97⎤⎦⎥
c) ⎡⎣⎢022540001520111⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢abc⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢0362.78517.35⎤⎦⎥
d) ⎡⎣⎢4009001225203035111⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢abc⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢517.35602.97901.67⎤⎦⎥
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The points closest to t=21 sec is 15, 20, 30
V(t0) = 362.78 m/s = a(15)2+b(15)+c
V(t1) = 517.35 m/s = a(20)2+b(20)+c
V(t2) = 602.97 m/s = a(30)2+b(30)+c
Hence,
225a+15b+c = 362.78
400a+20b+c = 517.35
900a+30b+c = 602.97
Which leads us to ⎡⎣⎢225400900152030111⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢abc⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢362.78517.35602.97⎤⎦⎥.
11. The Elimination process in Gauss Elimination method is also known as _____________
a) Forward Elimination
b) Backward Elimination
c) Sideways Elimination
d) Crossways Elimination
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The Elimination process in Gauss Elimination Method is also known as
Forward Elimination. N this method a Matrix is reduced to a Upper Triangular Matrix.
12. The reduced form of the Matrix in Gauss Elimination method is also called
____________
a) Column Echelon Form
b) Row-Column Echelon Form
c) Column-Row Echelon Form
d) Row Echelon Form
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The reduced form of the Matrix in Gauss Elimination Method is called as Row
Echelon Form. It is said so because only Row Operations are considered in Gauss
Elimination method.
1. Which of the following step is not involved in Gauss Elimination Method?
a) Elimination of unknowns
b) Reduction to an upper triangular system
c) Finding unknowns by back substitution
d) Evaluation of cofactors
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Elimination of unknowns, reduction to an upper triangular system and finding
unknowns by back substitution are the primary steps involved in Gauss Elimination.
2. Gauss Elimination Method is well adopted for which of the application?
a) Computer operations
b) Network circuit problems
c) MATLAB operations
d) Telecommunication operations
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gauss Elimination Method is well adopted for computer operations. It is an
effective and fast process.
3. What are the coefficients of the equation obtained during the elimination called?
a) Joints
b) Pivots
c) Calculated coefficients
d) Operative coefficients
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The coefficients of the equation obtained during the elimination are called as
pivots.
4. How the transformation of coefficient matrix A to upper triangular matrix is done?
a) Elementary row transformations
b) Elementary column transformations
c) Successive multiplication
d) Successive division
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The transformation of coefficient matrix A to upper triangular matrix is done
through elementary row transformations. We will not lead towards the correct answer if we’ll
perform transformations in rows as well as columns.
5. How many types of pivoting are there?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: There are two types of pivoting, namely, partial and complete pivoting.
6. The modified procedure of complete pivoting is called as ____________
a) Partial
b) Additional
c) Reduced
d) Modified
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The modified procedure of complete pivoting is called as Partial Pivoting.
7. Apply Gauss Elimination method to solve the following equations.

x + 4y – z = -5

x + y – 6z = -12

3x – y – z = 4

a) x = 1.6479, y = -1.1408, z = 2.0845

b) x = 4.0461, y = -1.1408, z = 3.254
c) x = 7.2478, y = -2.586, z = 8.265
d) x = 2.8471, y = 5.5123, z = 2.0845
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: x + 4y – z = -5 ………(i)
x + y – 6z = -12 …………………..(ii)
3x – y – z = 4 …………………….(iii)
To eliminate x, operate (ii) – (i) and (iii) – 3(i),

-3y – 5z = -7 ………………………(iv)
-13 + 2z = 19 ………………………(v)
To eliminate y, (v) – (13/3)(iv),
(71/3) z = (148/3)
Now by back substitution,
Z = 14871 = 2.0845
Y = 73–53(14871)
= −8171 = -1.1408
X = -5 -4(−8171)+(14871)
= 11771 = 1.6479
Hence x = 1.6479, y = -1.1408, z = 2.0845.
8. Apply Gauss Elimination method to solve the following equations.

10x – 7y = 3z + 5u = 6

-6x + 8y – z – 4u = 5

3x + y + 4z + 11u = 2
5x – 9y – 2z + 4u = 7

a) u = 1, z = -7, y = 4, x = 5
b) u = 1, z = -7, y = 4, x = 5
c) u = 1, z = -7, y = 4, x = 5
d) u = 1, z = -7, y = 4, x = 5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: 10x – 7y = 3z + 5u = 6 …….(i)
-6x + 8y – z – 4u = 5 ………………….(ii)
3x + y + 4z + 11u = 2 ………………….(iii)
5x – 9y – 2z + 4u = 7 ………………….(iv)
To eliminate x, operate
[(ii) – (−610) (i)], [(iii) – 310(i)] and [(iv) – 510(i)]
3.8y + 0.8z – u = 8.6 ……………………(v)
3.1y + 3.1z + 9.5u = 0.2 …………………(vi)
-5.5y – 3.5z + 1.5u = 4 ………………….(vii)

To eliminate y, operate [(vi) – 3.13.8(v)], [(vii) – 5.53.8(v)],

2.447z + 10.31u = -6.815 …………………(viii)
-2.342z + 0.052u = 16.44 …………………(ix)

To eliminate z operate [(ix) – (−2.3422.447) (viii)] ,

9.924u = 9.924
By back substitution,
u = 1, z = -7, y = 4, x = 5.
9. Apply Gauss Elimination method to solve the following equations.

2x + y + z = 10

3x + 2y + 3z = 18

X + 4y + 9z = 16

a) X = 7, y = -4, z = 5
b) X = 7, y = -9, z = 5
c) X = 5, y = 1, z = -8
d) X = 5, y = 1, z = -3
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation:
2x + y + z = 10 ………………….(i)
3x + 2y + 3z = 18 ………………..(ii)
x + 4y + 9z = 16 …………………(iii)
To eliminate x, operate (i) – 2(iii), (ii) – 3(iii)
7y + 17z = 22 ……………………(iv)
5y + 12z = 15 ……………………(v)

To eliminate y, operate [(iv) – 75(v)]

0.2z = 1
By back substitution,
z = 5
7y = 22 – 85
y= -9
x = 16 + 36 – 45
x = 7
Hence, x = 7, y = -9, z = 5.
10. Apply Gauss Elimination method to solve the following equations.

2x – y + 3z = 9

x+y+z=6

x–y+z=2

a) X = 5, y = 14, z = 5
b) X = -13, y = 4, z = 15
c) X = -13, y = 1, z = -8
d) X = 13, y = 1, z = -8
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: 2x – y + 3z = 9 ……….(i)
x + y + z = 6 ……………………(ii)
x – y + z = 2 ……………………(iii)
To eliminate x, operate (ii) – (iii)
y = 4
Now, operate (i) – 2(ii),
-3y + z = 3
Now by back substitution,
Z = 15
X + 4 +15 = 6
X = -13.
1. Solve the equations using Gauss Jordan method.

x + 2y + 6z = 22

3x + 4y + z = 26

6x - y - z = 19
a) x = 4, y = 3, z = 2
b) x = 4, y = 3, z = 2
c) x = 4, y = 3, z = 2
d) x = 4, y = 3, z = 2
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By Gauss Jordan method we get
⎡⎣⎢13624−161−1⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢222619⎤⎦⎥
By R2-3R1 and R3-6R1
⎡⎣⎢1002−2−136−1737⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢22−40−113⎤⎦⎥
-2R3 and -13R2
⎡⎣⎢10022626622174⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢22520226⎤⎦⎥
R3-R2 and R2/13, R3/(-147)
⎡⎣⎢1002206171⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢22402⎤⎦⎥
R1-R2 and R1+11R3, R2-117R3
⎡⎣⎢100020001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢462⎤⎦⎥
(1/2)R2
⎡⎣⎢100010001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢432⎤⎦⎥
Hence x = 4, y = 3, z = 2.
2. Solve the equations using Gauss Jordan method.

x + 2y + 6z = 44

3x + 4y + z = 52

6x - y - z = 38

a) x = 8, y = 6, z = 4
b) x = 8, y = 4, z = 6
c) x = 4, y = 8, z = 6
d) x = 8, y = 6, z = 2
View Answer
3. Solve the equations using Gauss Jordan method.

x+y+z=9

2x-3y+4z=13

3x+4y+5z=40

a) x=1, y=3, z=4

b) x=1, y=3, z=5
c) x=1, y=3, z=7
d) x=1, y=3, z=2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Gauss Jordan method we get
⎡⎣⎢1231−34145⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢91340⎤⎦⎥
By R2-2R1 and R3-3R1
⎡⎣⎢1002−51622⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢9−513⎤⎦⎥
5R3 and -R2
⎡⎣⎢1001551−210⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢9565⎤⎦⎥
R3-R2 and R2+(1/6) R3, (1/12)R3
⎡⎣⎢100150101⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢9155⎤⎦⎥
(1/2)R2
⎡⎣⎢100110101⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢935⎤⎦⎥
R1-R2-R3
⎡⎣⎢100010001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢135⎤⎦⎥
Hence x =1, y=3, z=5.
4. Solve the equations using Gauss Jordan method.

2x-3y+z=-1

x+4y+5z=25

3x-4y+z=2

a) x=1, y=3, z=4

b) x=1, y=3, z=5
c) x=1, y=3, z=7
d) x=1, y=3, z=2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: By Gauss Jordan method we get
⎡⎣⎢1234−3−4511⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢25−12⎤⎦⎥
By R2-2R1 and R3-3R1
⎡⎣⎢1004−11−165−9−14⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢25−51−73⎤⎦⎥
-R3 and -R2, 16R2 and 11R1
⎡⎣⎢10041761765144154⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢25816803⎤⎦⎥
R3-R2 and (1/16)R2
⎡⎣⎢10041105910⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢2551−13⎤⎦⎥
R2-(9/10)R3 and R1-(1/2)R3
⎡⎣⎢10041100010⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢63/2627/10−13⎤⎦⎥
R1-(4/11)R2, (1/11)R1 and (1/10)R3
⎡⎣⎢100010001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢8.75.7−1.3⎤⎦⎥
Hence x = 8.7, y = 5.7, z = -1.3.
5. In Gauss Jordan method which of the following transformations are allowed?
a) Diagonal transformation
b) Column transformation
c) Row transformation
d) Square transformation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In Gauss Jordan method the transformations carried out on the augmented
matrix are row transformations. The matrix is reduced to Row Echelon form using Row
transformations.
6. The augmented matrix in Gauss Jordan method is reduced to ______________
a) Row Echelon form
b) Column Echelon form
c) Matrix Echelon form
d) Augmented form
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The matrix is reduced to Row Echelon form using Row transformations. In
Gauss Jordan method the transformations carried out on the augmented matrix are row
transformations.
7. Solve the equations using Gauss Jordan method.

x+2y+6z = 12

3x+4y+z = 24

6x-y-z = 36

a) x = 48/7, y = 8/7, z = 4/7

b) x = 4/7, y = 48/7, z = 4/7
c) x = 44/7, y = 8/7, z = 4/7
d) x = 4/7, y = 8/7, z = 44/7
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: By Gauss Elimination Jordan method we get
⎡⎣⎢13624−161−1⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢122436⎤⎦⎥
By R2-3R1 and R3-6R1
-2R3 and -13R2
R3-R2 and R2/13, R3/(-147)
R1-R2 and R1+11R3, R2-117R3
(1/2)R2
⎡⎣⎢100010001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢592⎤⎦⎥
Hence x=5, y=9, z=2.
8. Solve the equations using Gauss Jordan method.
x + 2y + 6z = 15

3x + 4y + z = 16

6x - y - z = 20

a) x=3.735, y=0.795, z=1.612

b) x=3.735, y=3.735, z=1.612
c) x=3.735, y=1.612, z=3.735
d) x=1.612, y=0.795, z=3.735
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By Gauss Jordan method we get
⎡⎣⎢13624−161−1⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢151620⎤⎦⎥
By R2-3R1 and R3-6R1
-2R3 and -13R2
R3-R2 and R2/13, R3/(-147)
R1-R2 and R1+11R3, R2-117R3
(1/2)R2
⎡⎣⎢100010001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢3.7350.7951.612⎤⎦⎥
Hence x=3.735, y=0.795, z=1.612.
1. Solve the given equations using Gauss Jordan method.

x + 2y + 6z = 66

3x + 4y + z = 78

6x - y - z = 57

a) x=4, y=3, z=2

b) x=13, y=6, z=9
c) x=12, y=9, z=6
d) x=4, y=2, z=3
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: By Gauss Jordan method we get
⎡⎣⎢13624−161−1⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢667857⎤⎦⎥
By R2-3R1 and R3-6R1
-2R3 and -13R2
R3-R2 and R2/13, R3/(-147)
R1-R2 and R1+11R3, R2-117R3
(1/2)R2
⎡⎣⎢100010001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢1296⎤⎦⎥
Hence x=12, y=9, z=6.

2. Solve the given equations using Gauss Jordan method.

3x+6y+18z=22

9x+12y+3z=26

18x-3y-3z=19

a) x=1.33, y=1.33, z=0.67

b) x=1.33, y=0.67, z=0.67
c) x=1.33, y=1, z=0.67
d) x=1.33, y=1, z=1
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: By Gauss Jordan method we get
⎡⎣⎢3918612−3183−3⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢222619⎤⎦⎥
By R2-3R1 and R3-6R1
-2R3 and -13R2
R3-R2 and R2/13, R3/(-147)
R1-R2 and R1+11R3, R2-117R3
(1/2)R2
⎡⎣⎢100010001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢1.3310.67⎤⎦⎥
Hence x=1.33, y=1, z=0.67.

3. Solve the given equations using Gauss Jordan method.

3x+3y+3z=9

6x-9y+12z=13

9x+12y+15z=40

a) x=0.33, y=1.67, z=1

b) x=1.67, y=1, z=0.33
c) x=1, y=0.33, z=1.67
d) x=0.33, y=1, z=1.67
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: By Gauss Jordan method we get
⎡⎣⎢3693−91231215⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢91340⎤⎦⎥
By R2-2R1 and R3-3R1
5R3 and -R2
R3-R2 and R2+(1/6) R3, (1/12)R3
(1/2)R2
R1-R2-R3
⎡⎣⎢100010001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢0.3311.67⎤⎦⎥
Hence x=0.33, y=1, z=1.67.

4. Solve the given equations using Gauss Jordan method.

x + 4y + 5z = 25

2x - 3y + z = -1

3x - 4y + z = 2

a) x=8.7, y=5.7, z=-1.3

b) x=8.7, y=-1.3, z=5.7
c) x=-1.3, y=5.7, z=8.7
d) x=5.7, y=8.7, z=-1.3
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: By Gauss Jordan method we get
⎡⎣⎢1234−3−4511⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢25−12⎤⎦⎥
By R2-2R1 and R3-3R1
⎡⎣⎢1004−11−165−9−14⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢25−51−73⎤⎦⎥
-R3 and -R2, 16R2 and 11R1
⎡⎣⎢10041761765144154⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢25816803⎤⎦⎥
R3-R2 and (1/16)R2
⎡⎣⎢10041105910⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢2551−13⎤⎦⎥
R2-(9/10)R3 and R1-(1/2)R3
⎡⎣⎢10041100010⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢63/2627/10−13⎤⎦⎥
R1-(4/11)R2, (1/11)R1 and (1/10)R3
⎡⎣⎢100010001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢8.75.7−1.3⎤⎦⎥
Hence x=8.7, y=5.7, z=-1.3.

5. Solve the given equations using Gauss Jordan method.

x+y+z=7.5

2x+3y+z=15

3x-2y+2z=4.5

a) x=3, y=1.5, z=1.5

b) x=3, y=1.5, z=1.5
c) x=1.5, y=3, z=1.5
d) x=1.5, y=3, z=3
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: By Gauss Jordan Elimination method we get,
x+y+z=7.5.…………….(i)
2x+3y+z=15….……….(ii)
3x-2y+2z=4.5…………(iii)
To eliminate x, subtract 2 times (i) from (ii) and 3 times (i) from (iii).
x+y+z=7.5…………….(iv)
y-z=0………………….(v)
-5y-z=-18……………(vi)
To eliminate y, subtract (v) from (iv) and add 5 times (v) to (vi).
x+2z=7.5…………….(vii)
y-z=0…………………(viii)
-6z=-18………………(ix)
To eliminate z add 1/3 times (ix) to (vii) and subtract 1/6 times (ix) from (viii).
Hence x=1.5, y=3, z=3.

6. Which of these methods is named after the mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss?
a) Secant method
b) Newton Raphson method
c) Runge Kutta method
d) Gauss Jordan method
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Gauss Jordan method is named after the mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. Its algorithm
is used to solve linear equations.

7. Which of the following transformations are allowed in Gauss Jordan method?

a) Swapping a row
b) Swapping a column
c) Swapping two rows
d) Swapping two columns
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Only row transformations are allowed in Gauss Jordan method. Swapping of two rows
doesn’t affect the determinant value hence it is allowed here.

8. The Gauss Jordan method reduces a original matrix into a _____________

a) Identity matrix
b) Null matrix
c) Skew Hermitian matrix
d) Non-symmetric matrix
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The Gauss Jordan method reduces a original matrix into a Row Echelon form. In Row
Echelon form the matrix is identity.

9. Which of the following methods is used for obtaining the inverse of matrix?
a) Gauss Seidel method
b) Newton Raphson method
c) Gauss Jordan method
d) Secant Method
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Gauss Jordan method deals with solving the matrix through row transformations. Hence it
is most suitable to find the inverse of a matrix.

10. Solve the given equations using Gauss Jordan method.

2x+y-z=8

-3x-y+2z=-11

-2x+y+2z=-3

a) x=2, y=3, z=-1

b) x=2, y=-1, z=3
c) x=2, y=-1, z=4
d) x=3, y=3, z=-1
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: By Gauss Jordan method we get,
⎡⎣⎢2−3−21−11−122⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢8−11−3⎤⎦⎥
By,
R1/2
3R1+R2 and 2R1+R3
2R2
-(1/2)R2+R1 and -2R2+R3
R3+R2, -R3+R1 and –R3
⎡⎣⎢100010001⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢23−1⎤⎦⎥
Hence x=2, y=3, z=-1.

1. The modification of Gauss elimination method is called as ___________

a) Gauss Seidal

b) Gauss Jordan

c) Jacobi’s Method

d) Relaxation Method

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: The modified method of Gauss Elimination is called as Gauss Jordan method as it involves
few changes in the procedure of Gauss Elimination.

2. Which of the following is not a step involved in Gauss Jordan Method?

a) Elimination of unknowns
b) Reduction of systems to diagonal matrix form

c) Performing elimination on equations above as well as below

d) Evaluation of cofactors

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Elimination of unknowns, reduction of systems to diagonal matrix form and performing
elimination on equations above as well as below are the steps involved in Gauss Jordan method.

3. The advantage of using Gauss Jordan method is which of the following?

a) More operations involved

b) Elimination is easier

c) Additional Calculations

d) No labour of back substitution

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The advantage of using Gauss Jordan method is that it involves no labour of back
substitution. Back substitution has to be done while solving linear equations formed during solving the
problem.

4. Which is more efficient method?

a) Gauss Elimination

b) Gauss Jordan

c) Cramer’s Rule

d) Back substitution

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The least number of operations to solve the simultaneous linear equations are done in
Gauss Elimination. That’s why it is better.

5. Why Gauss Elimination is preferred over other methods?

a) Less number of operations are involved

b) Back substitution needed

c) Elimination of unknowns

d) Forms diagonal matrix form

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Gauss Elimination is preferred over other methods because it involves less number of
operations. There is no back substitution in Gauss Elimination.

6. In solving simultaneous equations by Gauss Jordan method, the coefficient matrix is reduced to
______ matrix.

a) Identity

b) Diagonal

c) Upper triangular

d) Lower triangular

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: In solving simultaneous equations by Gauss Jordan method, the coefficient matrix is
reduced to diagonal matrix. After that, we are able to get to the solution of the unknowns using matrix
multiplication.

7. Apply Gauss Jordan method to solve the following equations.

x+y+z=9

2x – 3y + 4z = 13

3x + 4y + 5z = 40

a) x = 7, y = 2, z = 5

b) x = 7, y = 2, z = 8

c) x = 1, y = 3, z = 5

d) x = 5, y = 3, z = 6
View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation:

x + y + z = 9 …………….(i)

2x – 3y + 4z = 13 ………..(ii)

3x + 4y + 5z = 40 ………..(iii)

To eliminate x, operate (ii) – 2(i) and (iii) – 3(i),

x + y + z = 9 …………….(iv)

– 5y + 2z = -5 …………….(v)

y + 2z = 13 ………………(vi)

To eliminate y, operate (iv) + (1/5)(v) and (vi) – (1/5)(v),

x + (7/5) z = 8 …………..(vii)

-5y + 2z = -5 …………….(viii)

(12/5) z = 12……………..(ix)

To eliminate z, operate (vii) – (7/12) (ix) and (viii) – (5/6)(ix)

x=1

-5y = -15

(12/5) z = 12

Hence, the solution is x = 1, y = 3, z = 5.

8. Apply Gauss Jordan method to solve the following equations.

10x – 7y + 3z + 5u = 6

-6x + 8y – z – 4u = 5

3x + y +4z + 11u = 2
5x – 9y – 2z + 4u = 7

a) u = 2, x = 5, y = 9, z = -7

b) u = 2, x = 7, y = 4, z = 9

c) u = 1, x = 5, y = 3, z = -6

d) u = 1, x = 5, y = 4, z = -7

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation:

10x – 7y + 3z + 5u = 6 ……………..(i)

– 6x + 8y – z – 4u = 5 ……………..(ii)

3x + y +4z + 11u = 2 ……………….(iii)

5x – 9y – 2z + 4u = 7 ………………(iv)

To eliminate x, operate [(ii) – (−610) (i)], [(iii) – (310) (i)], [(iv) – (510)(i)]

10x – 7y + 3z + 5u = 6 ………………(v)

3.8y + 0.8z – u = 8.6 ……………….(vi)

3.1y + 3.1z + 9.5u = 0.2 …………….(vii)

-5.5y – 3.5z + 1.5u = 4 ……………..(viii)

To eliminate y, operate [(v) – (−73.8) (vi)], [(vii) – (3.13.8) (vi)], [(viii) – (5.53.8) (vi)],

10x + 4.4736z + 3.1578u = 21.8421 ………..(ix)

3.8y + 0.8z – u = 8.6 …………………..(x)

2.4473z + 10.3157u = -6.8157 …………….(xi)

-2.3421z + 0.0526u = 16.4473 …………….(xii)

To eliminate z, operate [(ix) – (4.47362.4473) (xi)], [(x) – (0.82.4473) (xi)], [(xii) – (−2.34212.4473)(xi)],

10x – 15.699u = 34.3010

3.8y – 4.3720u = 10.8279

2.4473z + 10.3157u = -6.8157

9.9247u = 9.9247

By back substitution,

u=1

x = 5, y = 4, z = -7.

9. Apply Gauss Jordan method to solve the following equations.

x+y+z=9

2x + y – z = 0

2x + 5y + 7z = 52

a) x = -3.5, y = 40.2, z = 7.625

b) x = -3.5, y = 52.5, z = 4.524

c) x = 2.3, y = 74.4, z = 8.524

d) x = 2.3, y = 85.7, z = 7.625

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Here,

x + y + z = 9 ………………..(i)

2x + y – z = 0 ………………..(ii)

2x + 5y + 7z = 52 ……………..(iii)

To eliminate x, (iii) – 2(i), (ii) – 2(i)

x + y + z = 9 …………………(iv)

y + 5z = 43 ………………….(v)

y – 3z = -18 …………………(vi)
To eliminate y, (iv) – (vi) and (v) – (vi),

x + 4z = 27 …………………..(vii)

y + 5z = 43 …………………..(viii)

8z = 61 ………………………(ix)

To eliminate z, (ix) – 2(vii) and (ix) – (8/5) (viii),

-2x = 7

(-8/5) y = 61 – (104/5)

z = 7.625

Hence, x = -3.5, y = 40.2, z = 7.625.

10. Apply Gauss Jordan method to solve the following equations.

2x + y + z = 10

3x + 2y + 3z = 18

x + 4y + 9z = 16

a) x = 1, y = -9, z =3

b) x =6, y = 6, z =8

c) x = 7, y = -9, z = 5

d) x =7, y = 4, z =1

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Here,

2x + y + z = 10 ………………(i)

3x + 2y + 3z = 18 …………….(ii)

x + 4y + 9z = 16 ……………..(iii)
To eliminate x (i) – 2(iii) and (ii) – 3(iii)

x + 4y + 9z = 16 ……………….(iv)

7y + 17z = 22 ………………….(v)

5y + 12z = 15 ………………….(vi)

To eliminate y, (v) – (7/5) (vi) and (vi) – (5/4) (iv),

3z – 5x = -20 …………………….(vii)

z = 5 ……………………………(viii)

5y + 12z = 15 …………………….(ix)

To eliminate z (ix) – 12(viii) and (vii) – 3(viii),

y = -9

x=7

Hence, x = 7, y = -9, z = 5.

11. While using Gauss Jordan’s method, after all the elementary row operations if there are zeroes left
on the main diagonal, then which of the following is correct?

a) System may have unique solution

b) System has no solution

c) System may have multiple numbers of finite solutions

d) System may have infinitely many solutions

1. The LU method of factorization was introduced by the mathematician____________

a) Alan Tango

b) David Hilbert

c) G. W. Leibniz

d) Alex Grothendieck
View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The LU method of factorization was introduced by the mathematician Alan Tango. He was
an English mathematician.

2. Which of the following step is not involved in the factorization process?

a) converting the given system to matrix form

b) the matrix is decomposed into the product of lower and upper triangular matrix

c) finding the unknowns using matrix multiplication

d) elimination of unknowns using back substitution

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The first step is to convert the given system to matrix form. And then after using this
method the matrix is decomposed into the product of lower and upper triangular matrix. Lastly, the
unknowns are found using matrix multiplication.

3. Errors may occur in performing numerical computation on the computer due to which of the
following reasons?

a) Rounding errors

b) Power fluctuation

c) Operator fatigue

d) Back substitution

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Rounding errors generally produces errors while performing numerical computation on the
computer. Power fluctuation and operator fatigue are not the general problems which occur in
performing numerical computations.

4. What is the other name for factorization method?

a) Doolittle’s Method

b) Lin Bairstow Method

c) Muller’s Method

d) Decomposition Method

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Another name for factorization method is Doolittle’s Method as Doolittle’s method is
basically an algorithm of Factorization method.

5. Factorization can be viewed as matrix form of Gauss Elimination method.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Factorization can be viewed as matrix form of Gauss Elimination method as it also involves
the same procedure only the matrix solving part is different.

6. What is the principle of factorization?

a) There exists no inverse for a singular matrix

b) Determinant of an identity matrix is one

c) Every square matrix can be expressed as a product of a lower triangular matrix and upper triangular
matrix

d) Every matrix can be expressed as a sum of a skew symmetric and a symmetric matrix

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The principle of factorization is that every square matrix can be expressed as a product of a
lower triangular matrix and upper triangular matrix. On the basis of this fact, these lower and upper
triangular matrices help us in finding the unknowns.

7. What is the condition applied in factorization method?

a) Matrix should not be singular

b) Back substitution should be done

c) There must exist a diagonal matrix form of the given matrix

d) All principal minors of the matrix should be non-singular

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: The necessary condition for factorization method is that all principal minors of the matrix
should be non-singular. Otherwise, there will be no formation of lower and upper triangular matrix.

8. During computation of elements of L and U, what order should be followed?

a) First row of U -> Second row of L -> Second column of U -> Second row of U -> Third row of U

b) First row of U -> First column of L -> Second row of U -> Second column of L -> Third row of U

c) First column of U -> First row of L -> Second column of U -> Second row of L -> Third row of U

d) First row of L -> First column of U -> Second row of L -> Second column of U -> Third column of L

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation: While solving for L and U, First row of U -> Second row of L -> Second column of U ->
Second row of U -> Third row of U, this order should be followed. This is sequential arrangement of
steps which easily helps in finding the unknowns.

9. What is the other application of Factorization method?

a) Finding inverse of a matrix

b) Solving partial differential equations

c) Solving ordinary differential equations

d) Finding Eigen values

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: We can even find the inverse of a matrix using factorization method. This can be done by
finding inverse of the intermediate matrices and then using them to find the inverse of the desirable
matrix.

10. Factorization method is superior than which of the following methods?

a) Gauss Elimination

b) Gauss Seidal

c) Jacobi’s Method

d) Iterative Method

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Factorization method is superior to Gauss Elimination due to the involvement of less
number of computations in: Factorization method.

11. Why factorization method is preferred over other methods?

a) Less calculations

b) No need of back substitution

c) No solving of cofactors

d) No elimination of unknowns

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Factorization method is preferred over other methods because it involves less number of
calculations.

12. Apply factorization method for solving the following equations.

3x + 2y + 7z = 4

2x + 3y + z = 5

3x + 4y + z = 7

a) z = -1/3, y = 8/3, x = 7/8

b) z = -5/3, y = 4/3, x = 7/8

c) z = 7/3, y = 8/3, x = 9/8

d) z = -1/3, y = 1/3, x = 5/8

View Answer
Answer: a

Explanation: Here,

Let ⎡⎣⎢1ab01c001⎤⎦⎥⎡⎣⎢p00qs0rtu⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢323234711⎤⎦⎥

p = 3, q = 2, r = 7

ap = 2, aq + s = 3, ar + t = 1

bp = 3, bq + cs = 4, br + ct + u = 1

By solving these equations, we get

a = 2/3

b=1

s = 5/3

c = 6/5

t = -11/3

u = -8/5

Thus, A =⎡⎣⎢12/31016/5001⎤⎦⎥⎡⎣⎢30025/307−11/3−8/5⎤⎦⎥

Writing UX = V, the given system becomes

⎡⎣⎢12/31016/5001⎤⎦⎥⎡⎣⎢ijk⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢457⎤⎦⎥

Solving these equations, we have i = 4

(2/3)i + j = 5 or j = 7/3

i + (6/5)j + k = 7 or k = 1/5

Hence, the original system becomes,

⎡⎣⎢30025/307−11/3−6/5⎤⎦⎥⎡⎣⎢457⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢47/31/5⎤⎦⎥

3x + 2y + 7z = 4

(5/3y) – 11/3z = 7/3

-8/5z = 1/5

By back substitution, we have

z = -1/3, y = 8/3, x = 7/8.

13. Apply factorization method for solving the following equations.

2x + 3y + z = 9

x + 2y + 3z = 6

3x + y + 2z = 8

a) z = 1/2, y = 1/2, x = 7/2

b) z = 5/2, y = 1/2, x = 9/2

c) z = 7/2, y = 3/2, x = 3/2

d) z = 1/2, y = 5/2, x = 3/2

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Here,

Let ⎡⎣⎢1ab01c001⎤⎦⎥⎡⎣⎢p00qs0rtu⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢213321132⎤⎦⎥

p = 2, q = 3, r = 1

ap = 1, aq + s = 2, ar + t = 3

bp = 3, bq + cs = 1, br + ct + u = 2

By solving these equations, we get

a = 1/2

b = 3/2

s = 1/2

t = 5/2

c = -7

u = 18

Thus, A = ⎡⎣⎢11/23/201−7001⎤⎦⎥⎡⎣⎢20031/2015/218⎤⎦⎥

Writing UX = V, the given system of equations become

⎡⎣⎢11/23/201−7001⎤⎦⎥⎡⎣⎢ijk⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢968⎤⎦⎥

i=9
(1/2) i + j = 6

(3/2) i – 7j + k = 8

By back substitution,

i = 9, j = 3/2, k = 5

Hence, the original system becomes

⎡⎣⎢20031/2015/218⎤⎦⎥ ⎡⎣⎢xyz⎤⎦⎥ = ⎡⎣⎢93/25⎤⎦⎥

2x + 3y + z = 9

(1/2) y + (5/2) z = 3/2

10z = 5

z = 1/2

By back substitution,

z = 1/2, y = 1/2, x = 7/2.

14. While solving a system of linear equations, which of the following will be the order of the
decomposed matrices; L and U?

a) Order of L = 3X1, Order of U = 1X3

b) Order of L = 3X2, Order of U = 2X3

c) Order of L = 3X3, Order of U = 3X3

d) Order of L = 3X4, Order of U = 4X3

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The order of the decomposed matrices of a given matrix of the coefficient of the given
system of equations is same that of the coefficient matrix.

1. Which of the following systems of linear equations has a strictly diagonally dominant coefficient
matrix?

a)

3x – y = -4

2x + 5y = 2
b)

2x + y = 1

x - 7y = 4

c)

3x + 5y = 2

x + y = -3

d)

4x = 2y – z - 1

x + z = -4

3x – 5y + z = 3

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: The coefficient matrix

A = [32−15]

is strictly diagonally dominant because |3| > |-1| and |5| > |2|.

2. Gauss Seidal method is also termed as a method of _______

a) Successive displacement

b) Eliminations

c) False positions

d) Iterations

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Gauss Seidal method is also termed as a method of successive displacement because with
the iterations, we keep on displacing the values we select for the unknowns which are used in the
subsequent steps.
3. Gauss seidal method is similar to which of the following methods?

a) Iteration method

b) Newton Raphson method

c) Jacobi’s method

d) Regula-Falsi method

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: The procedure involved in Gauss seidal and Jacobi is almost same. The only difference is
that the while selecting the values for the unknowns, they use different methodology.

4. What is the main difference between Jacobi’s and Gauss-seidal?

a) Computations in Jacobi’s can be done in parallel but not in Gauss-seidal

b) Convergence in Jacobi’s method is faster

c) Gauss seidal cannot solve the system of linear equations in three variables whereas Jacobi cannot

d) Deviation from the correct answer is more in gauss seidal

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Computations in Jacobi’s can be done in parallel but not in Gauss-seidal because in Jacobi’s
method, the entire set of values obtained during the previous iteration is used as it is in the next one,
whereas in Gauss-seidal method, as we keep on getting the individual values of the variable, we use
them in the subsequent steps.

5. While solving by Gauss Seidal method, which of the following is the first Iterative solution system; x –
2y = 1 and x + 4y = 4?

a) (1, 0.75)

b) (0.25,1)

c) (0,0)

d) (1,0.65)

View Answer
Answer: a

Explanation: Here,

x – 2y = 1

x + 4y = 4

For first iteration we put n = 0 in the following equations,

xn+1 = 1 – 2yn

yn+1 = (1/4) (4 – xn+1)

We get,

x1 = 1 – 2(0) = 1

y1 = (1/4) (4 – 1) = 0.75.

6. The Gauss-Seidel method is applicable to strictly diagonally dominant or symmetric________ definite

matrices.

a) Positive

b) Negative

c) Zero

d) Equal

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Gauss-Seidel method is applicable to strictly diagonally dominant or symmetric positive

definite matrices because only in this case convergence is possible.

7. Gauss seidal requires less number of iterations than Jacobi’s method.

a) True

b) False

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation: Gauss-seidal requires less number of iterations than Jacobi’s method because it achieves
greater accuracy faster than Jacobi’s method. This is the modification made to Jacobi’s method, which is
now called as Gauss-seidal method.
8. Which of the following method is employed for solving the system of linear equations?

a) Runge Kutta

b) Newton Raphson

c) Gauss Seidal

d) Simpson’s Rule

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: Runge Kutta method is used to solve differential equations. Newton-Raphson method is
used to find the root of a polynomial. Simpson’s rule is used to solve integration problems. Gauss-seidal
is used for solving system of linear equations.

9. What is the limitation of Gauss-seidal method?

a) It cannot be used for the matrices with non-zero diagonal elements

b) It is more complex than Jacobi’s method

c) It doesn’t guarantees convergence for each and every matrix

d) It is an iterative technique

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: It does not guarantee convergence for each and every matrix. Convergence is only possible
if the matrix is either diagonally dominant, positive definite or symmetric.

10. Solve the following equations by Gauss seidal method.

10a - 2b - c - d = 3

- 2a + 10b - c - d = 15

- a - b + 10c - 2d = 27

- a - b - 2c = 10d = -9

a) a = 1, b = 5, c = 7, d = -1

b) a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 0

c) a = 2, b = 5, c = 3, d = 5
d) a = 2, b = 2, c = 8, d = -3

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation:

a = 110(3 + 2b + c + d) …………….(i)

b = 110(15 + 2a + c + d) ……………(ii)

c = 110(27 + a + b +d) ……………..(iii)

d = 110(-9 + a + b + 2c) ……………(iv)

First iteration

Putting b = 0, c = 0, d = 0 in (i), we get a = 0.3

Putting a = 0.3, c = 0, d = 0 in (ii), we obtain b = 1.56

Putting a = 0.3, b = 1.56, d = 0 in (iii), we obtain c = 2.886

Putting a = 0.3, b = 1.56, c = 2.886 in (iv), we get d = -0.1368

Second iteration

Putting b = 1.56, c = 2.886, d = -0.1368 in (i), we obtain a = 0.8869

Putting a = 0.8869, c = 2.886, d = -0.1368 in (ii), we obtain b = 1.9523

Putting a = 0.8869, b = 1.9523, d = -0.1368 in (iii), we have c = 2.9566

Putting a = 0.8869, b = 1.9523, c = 2.9566 in (iv) we get d = -0.0248

Third iteration

Putting b = 1.9523, c = 2.9566, d = -0.0248 in (i), we obtain a = 0.986

Putting a = 0.9836, c = 2.9566, d = -0.0248 in (ii), we obtain b = 1.9899

Putting a = 0.9836, b = 1.9899, d = -0.0248 i (iii), we get d = 2.9924

Putting a = 0.9836, b = 1.9899, c = 2.9924 in (iv), we get d = -0.0042

Fourth iteration proceeding as above

a = 0.9968 b = 1.9982, c = 2.9987, d = -0.0008

Fifth iteration is a = 0.9994, b = 1.9997, c = 2.9997, d = -0.0001

Sixth iteration is a = 0.9999, b = 1.9999, c = 2.9999, d = -0.0001

Hence, the solution is a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, d = 0.

11. Solve the following equation by Gauss Seidal Method up to 2 iterations and find the value of z.

27x + 6y - z = 85

6x + 15y + 2z = 72

x + y + 54z = 110

a) 1.88

b) 1.22

c) 0

d) 1.92

View Answer

Answer: d

Explanation: From the given set of equations-

x=(85−6y+z)27

y=(72−6x−2z)15

y=(110−x−y)54

1st iteration:

y=0, z=0

x=8527=3.14

x=3.14, z=0

y=72−(6×3.14)−2×(0)15=3.54

x=3.14, y=3.54

z=110−3.14−3.5454=1.91

2nd iteration:
z=1.91, y=3.54

x=85−(6×3.54)+(1.91)27=2.43

z=1.91, x=2.43

y=72−(6×2.43)−2×(1.91)15=3.57

y=3.57, x=2.43

z=110−2.43−3.5754=1.92

Thus, after the second iteration

x=2.43, y=3.57, z=1.92.

12. Solve the following equation by Gauss Seidal Method up to 3 iterations and find the value of x.

4x - 3y - z = 40

x - 6y + 2z = -28

x - 2y + 12z = -86

a) x=11.11

b) x=13.28

c) x=11.51

d) x=9.86

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: From the given set of equations-

x=(40+3y+z)4

y=(28+x+2z)6

z=(−86−x+2y)12

1st iteration:

y=0, z=0

x=404=10

x=10, z=0
y=28+(10)+2×(0)6=6.33

x=10, y=6.33

z=−86−10+(2×6.33)12=-6.94

2nd iteration:

z=-6.94, y=6.33

x=40+(3×6.33)+(−6.94)4=13.01

z=-6.94, x=13.01

y=28+(13.01)+2×(−6.94)6=4.52

y=4.52, x=13.01

z=−86−13.01+(2×4.52)12=-7.49

3rd iteration:

z=-7.49, y=4.52

x=40+(3×4.52)+(−7.49)4=11.51

z=-7.49, x=11.51

y=28+(11.51)+2×(−7.49)6=4.08

y=4.08, x=11.51

z=−86−11.51+(2×4.08)12=-7.44

Thus, after the third iteration

x=11.51, y=4.08, z=-7.44.

1. Cramer’s Rule fails for ___________

a) Determinant > 0

b) Determinant < 0

c) Determinant = 0

d) Determinant = non-real

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: This is because Cramer’s rule involves division by determinant which should never be equal
to 0 leading to not defined numbers.
2. Cramer’s Rule is not suitable for which type of problems?

a) Small systems with 4 unknowns

b) Systems with 2 unknowns

c) Large systems

d) Systems with 3 unknowns

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation: Generally, in large systems, excessive multiplicative operations are required which becomes
very cumbersome to solve.

3. Apply Cramer’s rule to solve the following equations.

3x + y + 2z = 3

2x – 3y –z = -3

X +2y +z = 4

a) X = 1, y = 2, z = -1

b) X = 2, y = 1, z = -1

c) X = 2, y = -1, z = 1

d) X = 1, y = -1, z = 2

View Answer

Answer: a

Explanation:

∆ = ⎛⎝⎜3211−322−11⎞⎠⎟ = 8

X = (1/∆)⎛⎝⎜3−341−322−11⎞⎠⎟ = (1/8)8 = 1

Y = (1/∆)⎛⎝⎜3213−342−11⎞⎠⎟ = (1/8)16 = 2

Z = (1/∆)⎛⎝⎜3211−323−34⎞⎠⎟ = (1/8)(-8) = -1
Hence, x = 1, y = 2, z = -1.

4. Apply Cramer’s rule to solve the following equations.

x + 3y + 6z = 2

3x – y + z = 9

X – 4y + 2z = 7

a) X = 1, y = 2, z = -1

b) X = 2, y = – 1, z = -0.5

c) X = 1, y = 2, z = -0.5

d) X = 2, y = 2, z = -1

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation:

∆ = ⎛⎝⎜1313−1−4642⎞⎠⎟ = -58

X = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜2973−1−4642⎞⎠⎟ = -116/-58 = 2

Y = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜131297642⎞⎠⎟ = 58/-58 = -1

Z = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜1313−1−4297⎞⎠⎟ = -29/-58 = 0.5

Hence, x = 2, y = -1, z = -0.5.

5. Apply Cramer’s rule to solve the following equations.

x + y + z = 6.6

x – y + z = 2.2
x + 2y + 3z = 15.2

a) x = 1.5, y = 2.2, z = -0.5

b) x = 1.5, y = 2.2, z = -0.5

c) x = 1.2, y = 2, z = 3.2

d) x = 1.2, y = 2.2, z = -3.2

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation:

∆ = ⎛⎝⎜1111−12113⎞⎠⎟ = -4

X = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜6.62.215.21−12113⎞⎠⎟ = -4.8/-4 = 1.2

Y = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜1116.62.215.2113⎞⎠⎟ = -8.8/-4 = 2.2

Z = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜1111−126.62.215.2⎞⎠⎟ = -12.8/-4 = 3.2

Hence, x = 1.2, y = 2.2, z = 3.2.

6. Apply Cramer’s rule to solve the following equations.

x + y + z =3

x + 2y + 3z = 4

x + 4y + 9z = 1

a) x = -0.5, y = 6, z = -2.5

b) x = -0.5, y = 4, z = -2.5

c) x = 4.5, y = 6, z = 1

d) x = 4.5, y = 6, z = 2

View Answer
Answer: a

Explanation:

∆ = ⎛⎝⎜111124139⎞⎠⎟ = 2

X = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜341124139⎞⎠⎟ = -0.5

Y = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜111341139⎞⎠⎟ = 6

Z = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜111124341⎞⎠⎟ = -2.5

Hence, X = -0.5, y = 6, z = -2.5.

7. Apply Cramer’s rule to solve the following equations.

2x – y + z = 3

3x + 2y + 4z = 19

6x + 7y – z = 17

a) X = 0.456, y = 1.5442, z = 3.154

b) X = 0.437, y = 1.5312, z = 3.656

c) X = 0.356, y =2.547, z = 5.474

d) X = 0.356, y = 1.722, z = 9.424

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation:

∆ = ⎛⎝⎜236−147131⎞⎠⎟ = -64

x = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜31917−147131⎞⎠⎟ = -28/-64 = 0.437

y = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜23631917131⎞⎠⎟ = -98/-64 = 1.5312

z = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜236−14731917⎞⎠⎟ = -234/-64 = 3.656

Hence, X = 0.437, y = 1.5312, z = 3.656.

8. Apply Cramer’s rule to solve the following equations.

3x + y + z = 8

2x – 3y -2z = -5

7x + 2y – 5z = 0

a) X = 1, y =4, z = 2.5

b) X = 4.562, y =4, z = 3.1

c) X = 0.2179, y =1, z = 2.5

d) X = 4.2, y =4, z = 3.145

View Answer

Answer: c

Explanation:

∆ = ⎛⎝⎜3271−321−2−5⎞⎠⎟ = 78

x = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜8−501−321−2−5⎞⎠⎟ = 117/78 = 0.2179

y = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜3278−501−2−5⎞⎠⎟ = 78/78 = 1

z = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜3271−328−55⎞⎠⎟ = 195/78 = 2.5

Hence, X = 0.2179, y =1, z = 2.5.

9. Apply Cramer’s rule to solve the following equations.

2x + y + z = 10
3x + 2y + 3z = 18

X + 4y +9z = 16

a) X = -9, y = 1, z = 5

b) X = 7, y = -9, z = 5

c) X = 7, y = 1, z = 5

d) X = 9, y = 1, z = 3

View Answer

Answer: b

Explanation:

∆ = ⎛⎝⎜231124139⎞⎠⎟ = -2

x = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜101816124139⎞⎠⎟ = -14/-2 = 7

y = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜231101816139⎞⎠⎟ = 18/-2 = -9

z = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜231124101816⎞⎠⎟ = -10/-2 = 5

Hence, X = 7, y = -9, z = 5.

10. Apply Cramer’s rule to solve the following equations.

2x – y + 3z = 9

x+y+z=6

x–y+z=2

a) x = 1, y = 2, z = 3

b) x = 2, y = 2, z = 3

c) x = 2, y = 3, z = 7

d) x = 1, y = 3, z = 8

View Answer
Answer: a

Explanation: ∆ = ⎛⎝⎜211−11−1311⎞⎠⎟ = -2

x = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜962−11−1311⎞⎠⎟ = -2/-2 = 1

y = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜211962311⎞⎠⎟ = -4/-2 = 2

z = (1/∆) = ⎛⎝⎜211−11−1962⎞⎠⎟ = -6/-2 = 3

H1. Newton- Gregory Forward interpolation formula can be used _____________

a) only for equally spaced intervals
b) only for unequally spaced intervals
c) for both equally and unequally spaced intervals
d) for unequally intervals
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Newton – Gregory Forward Interpolation formula is given by
f(x) = y0 + nΔy0 + n(n-1)Δ2y0/2! + n(n-1)(n-2) Δ3y0 /3! + …..
This formula is obtained by the Newton’s Divided difference formula by substituting the
intervals as h. This is done because we assume the intervals to be constant, that is, equally
spaced.
2. Find n for the following data if f(0.2) is asked.

x 0 1 2 3 4

f(x) 176 185 194 203 212

a) 0.4
b) 0.2
c) 1
d) 0.1
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The formula is
x = x0 + nh.
Here x0 is 0 as 0 is the first element and h is 1.
Since in the question it is given that we have to find f(0.2), x= 0.2.
So, substituting the values in the formula we get,
0.2 = 0 + n(1) .
Hence, n= 0.2.
3. Find n for the following data if f(1.8) is asked.

x 0 0.5 1 1.5

f(x) 0.3989 0.3521 0.2420 0.1295

a) 2.4
b) 3.4
c) 2.6
d) 3.6
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Here, x0 is 0, h is 0.5, x is 1.8.
Substituting the values in the formula
x = x0 + nh,
1.8 = 0 + n(0.5)
n = 3.6.
4. Find the polynomial for the following data.

x 4 6 8

f(x) 1 3 8
a) 3x2−22x+368
b) 3x2-22x+36
c) 3x2+22x+362
d) 3x2−19x+368
View Answer
5. Using Newton’s Forward formula, find sin(0.1604) from the following table.

x 0.160 0.161

f(x) 0.1593182066 0.1603053541

a) 0.169713084
b) 0.159713084
c) 0.158713084
d) 0.168713084
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Here,
x0 = 0.160
x = 0.1604
h = 0.001
x = x0 + nh,
0.1604 = 0.160 + n(0.001)
n = 0.4
 x y Δy

0.160 0.1593182066 9.871475*10-4

0.161 0.1603053541 9.869871*10-4

0.162 0.1612923412
y0 is 0.1593182066 since it is forward interpolation formula.
Δy0 = 9.871475*10-4
Δ2y0 = -1.604*10-7
Substituting in the formula,
f(x) = y0 + nΔy0 + n(n-1)Δ2y0/2! + n(n-1)(n-2) Δ3y0 /3! ,
f(0.1604) = 0.1593182066+(0.4)(9.871475*10-4)+(0.4)(-0.6) (−1.604∗10−7)2
= 0.159713084.
6. Find f(5) using Newton’s Forward interpolation formula from the following table.

x 0 2 4 6

f(x) 4 26 58 112
a) 71.109375
b) 61.103975
c) 70.103957
d) 71.103957
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Here,
x0 = 0
x = 5
h = 2
x = x0 + nh,
5 = 0 + n(2)
n = 2.5

x y Δy Δ2y Δ3y

0 4 22 10 12

2 26 32 22 278

4 58 54 300

6 112 354

8 466
y0 is 4 since it is forward interpolation formula.
Δy0 = 22
Δ2y0 = 10
Δ3y0 = 12
Δ4y0 = 266
Substituting in the formula,
f(x) = y0 + nΔy0 + n(n-1)Δ2y0/2! + n(n-1)(n-2) Δ3y0 /3! +….
f(5)=4+(2.5)(22)+(2.5)(1.5)(10)2+(2.5)(1.5)(0.5)(12)6+(2.5)(1.25)(0.5)(−0.5)(266)24
f(5) = 71.109375.
7. Find f(0.18) from the following table using Newton’s Forward interpolation formula.

x 0 0.1 0.2 0.3

f(x) 1 1.052 1.2214 1.3499

a) 1.18878784
b) 1.8878784
c) 1.9878785
d) 0.8878784
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Here,
x0 = 0
x = 0.18
h = 0.1
x = x0 + nh,
0.18 = 0 + n(0.1)
n = 1.8

x y Δy Δ2y Δ3y

0 1 0.052 0.1174 -0.1583

0.1 1.052 0.1694 -0.0409 0.0543

0.2 1.2214 0.1285 0.0134

0.3 1.3499 0.1419

0.4 1.4918
y0 is 1 since it is forward interpolation formula.
Δy0 = 0.052
Δ2y0 = 0.1174
Δ3y0 = -0.1583
Δ4y0 = 0.2126
Substituting in the formula,
f(x) = y0 + nΔy0 + n(n-1)Δ2y0/2! + n(n-1)(n-2) Δ3y0 /3! +….
f(0.18)=1+(1.8)(0.052)+(1.8)(0.8)(0.1174)2+(1.8)(0.8)(−0.2)(−0.1583)6
+(1.8)(0.8)(−0.2)(−1.2)(0.2126)24
f(0.18) = 1.18878784.
8. Find f(2.75) using Newton’s Forward interpolation formula from the following table.

x 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

y 3.375 7 13.625 24 38
a) 1.8296875
b) 18.296875
c) 22.296875
d) 24.296875
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Here,
x0 = 1.5
x = 2.75
h = 0.5
x = x0 + nh,
2.75 = 1.5 + n(0.5)
n = 2.5

x y Δy Δ2y Δ3y

1.5 3.375 3.625 3 0.75

2 7 6.625 3.75 0.75

2.5 13.625 10.375 4.5 0.75

3 24 14.875 5.25

3.5 38.875 20.125

4 59
y0 is 3.375 since it is forward interpolation formula.
Δy0 = 3.625
Δ2y0 = 3
Δ y0 =
3
0.75
Δ4y0 = 0
Δ5y0 = 0
Substituting in the formula,
f(x) = y0 + nΔy0 + n(n-1)Δ2y0/2! + n(n-1)(n-2) Δ3y0 /3! +….
f(2.75)=3.375+(2.5)(3.625)+(2.5)(1.5)(3)2+(2.5)(1.5)(0.5)(0.75)6+0+0
f(2.75) = 18.296875.
9. Find n if x0 = 0.75825, x = 0.759 and h = 0.00005.
a) 1.5
b) 15
c) 2.5
d) 25
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Given
x0 = 0.75825
x = 0.759
h = 0.00005
Substituting in the formula,
x = x0 + nh,
0.759 = 0.75825 + n(0.00005)
Therefore, n = 15.
10. Find x if x0 = 0.6, n = 2.6 and h = 0.2.
a) 12
b) 1.2
c) 1.12
d) 1.22
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Given
x0 = 0.6
n = 2.6
h = 0.2
Substituting in the formula,
x = x0 + nh
x = 0.6+(0.2)(2.6)
x = 1.12.
Sanfoundry Global Educa
ence, X = 1, y = 2, z = 3.

1. Fit the straight line to the following data.

x 1 2 3 4

y 1 2 3 4

a) y=x
b) y=x+1
c) y=2x
d) y=2x+1
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The normal equation are:
Σy = aΣx + nb
and
Σxy = aΣx2 + bΣx
Now,

x y x2

1 1 1

2 2 4

3 3 9

4 4 16

5 5 25

Σx = 15 Σy = 15 Σx2 = 55

Substituting in the equations,

15 = 15a + 4b and 55 = 55a + 15b
Solving these two equatons, we get a=1 and b=0,
Therefore the required straight line equation is y=x.

2. Fit the straight line to the following data.

x 0 5 10 15

y 7 11 16 20

a) y = 0.94x + 6.6
b) y = 6.6x + 0.94
c) y = 0.04x + 5.6
d) y = 5.6x + 0.04
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: First drawing the table,

x y x2
 0 7 0

5 11 25

10 16 100

15 20 225

20 26 400

Σx = 50 Σy = 26 Σx2 = 750

The normal equation are:

Σy = aΣx + nb
and
Σxy = aΣx2 + bΣx.
Substituting the values, we get,
80 = 50a + 5b
1035 = 750 a + 50 b
Solving them, we get a = 0.94 and b = 6.6.
Therefore the straight line equation is y=0.94x + 6.6.

3. Fit the straight line curve to the following data.

x 75 80 93 65 87 71 98

y 82 78 86 72 91 80 95

a) y = 0.9288x + 7.78155
b) y = 7.78155x + 0.9288
c) y = 0.8288x + 6.78155
d) y = 6.78155x + 0.8288
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: First drawing the table,

x y x2

75 82 5625

80 78 6400
 93 86 8349

65 72 4225

87 91 7569

71 80 5041

98 95 9605

68 72 4624

84 89 7056

77 74 5929

798 819 64422

The normal equation are:

Σy = aΣx + nb
and
Σxy = aΣx2 + bΣx.
Substituting the values, we get,
819 = 798a + 10b
66045 = 64422a + 798b
Solving, we get
a = 0.9288 and b = 7.78155
Therefore, the straight line equation is :
y = 0.9288x + 7.78155.

4. Fit a second degree parabola to the following data.

x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y 2 6 7 8 10 11 11

a) y = -0.2673x2 + 3.5232x – 0.9286

b) y = 0.2673x2 + 3.5232x – 0.9286
c) y = 0.2673x2 + 3.5232x + 0.9286
d) y = -0.2673x2 + 3.5232x + 0.9286
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Here,

x y x2 x3 x4

1 2 1 1 1

2 6 4 8 16

3 7 9 27 81

4 8 16 64 256

5 10 25 125 625

6 11 36 216 1296

7 11 49 343 2401

8 10 64 512 4096

9 9 81 729 6561

45 74 285 2025 15333

The normal equations are:

Σy = aΣx2 + bΣx + nc
Σxy = aΣx3 + bΣx2 +cΣx
Σx2y = aΣx4 + bΣx3 + cΣx2
Substituting the values, we get
74 = 285a + 45b + 9c
421 = 2025 a + 285 b + 45 c
2771 = 15333a + 2025 b + 285 c
Solving them, we get the second order equation which is,
y = -0.2673x2 + 3.5232x – 0.9286.

5. The normal equations for a straight line y = ax + b are:

a) Σy = aΣx + nb and Σxy = aΣx2 + bΣx
b) Σxy = aΣx + nb and Σy = aΣx2 + bΣx
c) Σy = aΣx + nb and Σxy = aΣx2 + bΣxy
d) Σy = aΣx + nb and Σx2y = aΣx2 + bΣx
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Let the sum of residues be E.
E = Σdi2 = Σ(yi – (axi+b))2
Here ∂E∂a=0 and ∂E∂b=0
Solving these two equations, we get the normal equations as
Σy = aΣx + nb and Σxy = aΣx2 + bΣx.

6.The normal equations for a second degree parabola y = ax 2 + bx + c are Σy = aΣx2 + bΣx + nc, Σxy =
aΣx3 + bΣx2 + cΣx and Σx2y = aΣx4 + bΣx3 + cΣx2.. Is it true or false?
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The second order parabola is given by
y = ax2 + bx +c.
Let the sum of residues be E.
E = Σdi2 = Σ(yi – (axi2 + bxi +c))2.
Here ∂E∂a= 0, ∂E∂b= 0 and ∂E∂c= 0.
Solving these three equations, we get the normal equations as
Σy = aΣx2 + bΣx + nc, Σxy = aΣx3 + bΣx2 + cΣx and Σx2y = aΣx4 + bΣx3 +cΣx2.

7. If the equation y = aebx can be written in linear form Y=A + BX, what are Y, X, A, B?
a) Y = logy, A = loga, B=b and X=x
b) Y = y, A = a, B=b and X=x
c) Y = y, A = a, B=logb and X=logx
d) Y = logy, A = a, B=logb and X=x
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The equation is
y = aebx.
Taking log to the base e on both sides,
we get logy = loga + bx.
Which can be replaced as Y=A+BX,
where Y = logy, A = loga, B = b and X = x.

8. If the equation y=abx can be written in linear form Y=A+BX, what are Y, X, A, B?

a) Y=logy, X=x, A=loga and B=logb
b) Y=y, A=a, B=b and X=x
c) Y=y, A=a, B=logb and X=logx
d) Y=logy, A=a, B=logb and X=x
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The given curve is y=abx.
Taking log on bothe the sides, we get,
logy = loga + x logb.
This can be written in the format of Y=A+BX
where
Y = logy, X = x, A = loga and B = logb.

9. If the equation y=axb can be written in the linear form Y=A+BX, what are Y, X, A, B?
a) Y=logy, A=loga, B=b and X=logx
b) Y=y, A=a, B=b and X=x
c) Y=y, A=a, B=logb and X=logx
d) Y=logy, A=a, B=logb and X=x
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The given curve is y=axb.
Taking log on bothe the sides, we get,
logy = loga + blogx.
This can be written as Y=A+BX,
where
Y=logy, A=loga, B=b and X=logx.

10. The parameter E which we use for least square method is called as ____________
a) Sum of residues
b) Residues
c) Error
d) Sum of errors
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: E is given by
E = Σdi2 = Σ(yi – f(xi))2.
Where the term inside the summation is called as residues and the sum is said to be a sum of residues.
Therefore, E is said to be the sum of residues.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Numerical Method

1:  

The convergence of which of the following method is sensitive to starting value?

A.False position
B.Gauss seidal method
C.Newton-Raphson method
 D All of these
.
   Answer  Report  Discuss
  Option: C

Explanation :

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2:  

 Newton-Raphson method is used to find the root of the equation x2 - 2 = 0.

    If iterations are started from - 1, then iterations will be

A.converge to -1
B.converge to √2
C.converge to -√2
D no coverage
.
   Answer  Report  Discuss
  Option: C

Explanation :

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3:  

 Which of the following statements applies to the bisection method used for finding roots of
functions?

A.Converges within a few iterations

B.Guaranteed to work for all continuous functions
C.Is faster than the Newton-Raphson method
D Requires that there be no error in determining the sign of the function
.
   Answer  Report  Discuss
  Option: B

Explanation :

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4:  
We wish to solve x2 - 2 = 0 by Newton Raphson technique. If initial guess is x 0 = 1.0, subsequent
estimate of x (i.e. x1)  will be

A.1.414
B.1.5
C.2.0
D None of these
.
   Answer  Report  Discuss
  Option: B

Explanation :

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5:  

 Using Newton-Raphson method, find a root correct to three decimal places of the equation x3 - 3x - 5
=0

A.2.275
B.2.279
C.2.222
D None of these
.
   Answer  Report  Discuss
  Option: B

Explanation :

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6:  

In the Gauss elimination method for solving a system of linear algebraic equations,triangularzation
leads to

A.Diagonal matrix
B.Lower triangular matrix
C.Upper triangular matrix
D Singular matrix
.
    Answer  Report  Discuss
  Option: C

Explanation :

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7:  

 If   Δf(x)  =  f(x+h) - f(x), then a constant k, Δk equals

A.1
B.0
C.f(k)- f(0)
D f(x + k) - f(x)
.
   Answer  Report  Discuss
  Option: B

Explanation :

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8:  

 Double (Repeated) root of

4x3- 8x2- 3x + 9 = 0 by Newton-raphson method is

A.1.4
B.1.5
C.1.6
D 1.55
.
   Answer  Report  Discuss
  Option: B

Explanation :

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9:  

Using Bisection method, negative root of x3 - 4x + 9 = 0 correct to three decimal places is

A.-2.506
 B.-2.706
C.- 2.406
D None of these
.
   Answer  Report  Discuss
  Option: B

Explanation :

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10:  

 Four arbitrary points (x1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3, y3),(x4, y4) are given in the x, y-plane. Using the method of
least squares, if regressing y upon x gives the fitted line y = ax + b; and regressing y upon x gives the
fitted line y + ax + b; and regressing x upon y gives the fitted line
x = cy + d, then

A.Two fitted lines must coincide

B.Two fitted lines need not coincide
C.It is possible that ac = 0
D A must be 1/c
.
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  Option: D

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11:  

The root of x3 - 2x - 5 = 0 correct to three decimal places by using Newton-Raphson method is

A.2.0946
B.1.0404
C.1.7321
D 0.7011
.
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  Option: A
 Explanation :

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12:  

 Newton-Raphson method of solution of numerical equation is not preferred when

A.Graph of A(B) is vertical

B.Graph of x(y) is not parallel
C.The graph of f(x) is nearly horizontal-where it crosses the x-axis.
D None of these
.
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  Option: C

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13:  

 Following are the values of a function y(x) : y(-1) = 5, y(0), y(1) = 8

dy/dx at x = 0 as per Newton's central difference scheme is

A.0
B.1.5
C.2.0
D 3.0
.
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  Option: B

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14:  

A root of the equation x3 - x - 11 = 0 correct to four decimals using bisection method is

A.2.3737
B.2.3838
C.2.3736
 D None of these
.
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  Option: C

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15:  

Newton-Raphson method is applicable to the solution of

A.Both algebraic and transcendental Equations

B.Both algebraic and transcendental and also used when the roots are complex
C.Algebraic equations only
D Transcendental equations only
.
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  Option: A

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16:  

 The order of error s the Simpson's rule for numercal integration with a step size h is

A.h
B.h2
C.h3
D h4
.
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  Option: B

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17:  
In which of the following methods proper choice of initial value is very important?

A.Bisection method
B.False position
C.Newton-Raphson
D Bairsto method
.
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  Option: C

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18:  

 Using Newton-Raphson method, find a root correct to three decimal places of the equation sin x = 1 -
x

A.0.511
B.0.500
C.0.555
D None of these
.
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  Option: A

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19:  

 Errors may occur in performing numerical computation on the computer due to

A.Rounding errors
B.Power fluctuation
C.Operator fatigue
D All of these
.
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  Option: A
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20:  

Match the following:

A. Newton-Raphson                     1. Integration
B. Runge-kutta                             2. Root finding
C. Gauss-seidel                            3. Ordinary Diferential Equations
D. Simpson's Rule                        4. Solution of system of Linear Equations

Codes:
ABCD

A.2341
B.3214
C.1423
D None of these
.
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  Option: A

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In which of the following method, we approximate the curve of solution by the tangent in each interval.
a. Picard’s method
b. Euler’s method
c. Newton’s method
d. Runge Kutta method
(Ans:b)
 
Jacobi’s method is also known as
a. Displacement method
b. Simultaneous displacement method
c. Simultaneous method
d. Diagonal method
(Ans:b)
 
The number of significant digits in the number 204.020050 is
a. 5
b. 6
c. 8
d. 9
(Ans:d)
 
In general the ratio of truncation error to that of round off error is
a. 2:1
b. 1:1
c. 1:2
d. 1:3
(Ans:a)
 
The convergence of which of the following method is sensitive to starting value?
a. False position
b. Gauss seidal method
c. Newton-Raphson method
d. All of these
(Ans:c)
 
To perform a Chi-square test
a. Data conform to a normal distribution
b. Data be measured on a nominal scale
c. Each cell has equal number of frequencies
d. All of these
(Ans:d)
 
In the Gauss elimination method for solving a system of linear algebraic equations, triangularzation leads to
a. Diagonal matrix
b. Lower triangular matrix
c. Upper triangular matrix
d. Singular matrix
(Ans:c)
 
Match the following:
A. Newton-Raphson      1. Integration
B. Runge-kutta            2. Root finding
C. Gauss-seidel           3. Ordinary Differential Equations
D. Simpson’s Rule       4. Solution of system of Linear Equations
The correct sequence is
a. A2-B3-C4-D1
b. A3-B2-C1-D4
c. A1-B4-C2-D3
d. A4-B1-C2-D3
(Ans:a)
 
Order of convergence of Regula-Falsi method is
a. 1.321
b. 1.618
c. 2.231
d. 2.312
(Ans:b)
  
The expected value of the random variable
a. Will also be the most likely value of the random variable
b. Is another term for the mean value
c. Is also called the variance
d. Cannot be greater than 1
(Ans:b)