CHINESE REVOLUTION

Ana Lorena Ortiz Loyola Solana ID #:

Mónica Nayeli Gómez Rivero A01750283___
_________A01
749698______
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INSTRUCTIONS: Based on the previous reading​. ​Answer the questions (use a different color)
below​:

1. Make a chart to compare the actions of Sun Yat-sen and Mao Zedong in controlling
China:

Sun Yat-sen (Sun Yixian) Mao Zedong

In December,1911, Yuan agreed to an In April, 1928, Mao Zedong introduced the

armistice and entered upon negotiations “Three Rules of Discipline and Eight points
with the republicans. for Attention” a document instructing the
Red Army on tactics, method and
behavior.
In October 16th, 1934, Mao Zedong’s First
After Yuan Shikai was given full powers to Red Army breaks out of the Nationalist
control the government, Sun Yat-sen encirclement at Jiangxi and heads west.
accepted to resign the presidency, hence, This marks the beginning of the Long
unifying the country. March.

He worked out a theory of the aims of the In 1945- after Japan halted their invasion-
Chinese Revolution, he described these the leaders of the Nationalist and
aims as the “Three Principles of the Communist parties, Chiang Kai-shek and
People,” which are usually translated as Mao Zedong, met for a series of talks on
“‘Nationalism, Democracy, and the the formation of a post-war government.
People’s Livelihood.”

The Nationalists, under Sun Yat-sen, were In October of 1949, after a string of military
slowly gaining popular support, but victories against the Nationalists
realized that they needed help from supported by the USA, Mao Zedong
abroad in order to overthrow the war lords proclaimed the establishment of the PRC.
and set up a strong central government.
After appealing in vain to the United
States, Great Britain, and Japan, they
turned to Soviet Russia. ​Sun Yat-sen
invited Russian technical and political
advisers to come to Canton to help to
reorganize, the Kuomintang and build up
a revolutionary army.

2. What problems did the new Republic of China face?

A stronger social divide than before, as well

 3. The Long March, 1934–1935

The Long March of the Chinese Communists from the south of China to the caves of Shaanxi in the
north is a remarkable story. The march covered 6,000 miles, about the distance from New
York to San Francisco and back again. They crossed miles of swampland. They slept sitting
up, leaning back to-back in pairs, to keep from sinking into the mud and drowning. In total, the
Communists crossed 18 mountain ranges and 24 rivers in their year long flight from the
Nationalist forces.

a. What was the course of the Long March, in terms of direction, beginning in Ruijin and
ending near Yan’an?

The Long March began at 13:00 hours on the !6th of October of the year 1934. The long journey
summed a total of ​6,000 miles​, and the communists formed a straight line stretching out for
50 miles. They had planned to pass through Hsiang River, so a Nationalist blockade was
waiting for them there and it cost them more than half their people to fight through it.

b. Why didn’t Mao’s forces move west or south?

4. ​What were the results of the Long March?

The new communist leader, Mao Zedong, was chosen again. Also, only 8000 of 100000 communists
survived, which causes more anger and resentment towards the National Party.

5. ​Whose reforms had a greater appeal to the peasants? Why?

The reforms of the Communists mainly because people were promised to receive free land,
something that would free them of their cruel landlords and all the other tortuous aspects of
semi-feudal China.

Nationalists – Chiang Kai-shek Communists – Mao Tse-tung (Mao

Zedong)
Chiang Kai Shek promoted the "New Life
Movement", which stressed traditional By promising free land to all, communists
Confucian morality and the Methodist won the peasantry to their banners.
notion of self-cultivation as the solution to
the perceived degeneration of the Chinese
people.
Chiang had several programs and reforms Mao's army was able to bring military
that he wished to implement in his country, victory -over the Japanese- to Chinese
however, he was confronted with people while Chiang's could not.
oppositions from the Communists and
threats of war from Japan.
In fact, he wanted to introduce financial Among his multiple political achievements
and educational reforms. is the establishment of a real-functioning
central government that was able to
govern entire China.
 He also wanted to improve the Mao led the industrialization foundation
infrastructures. and promoted the liberation of women.

6. How did the Treaty of Versailles trigger the May Fourth Movement?

The Movement was in protest of the Treaty of Versailles. The Chinese felt that the Shandog province
should be returned to them.

7. How was Mao’s vision of communism different from that of Lenin?

Lenin trusted the party would spark people's desire for revolution while Mao felt the party would be
subject to learning of the people.

- In this way, Lenin followed a centralized top down model of party organization. Ma o believed
in a close interaction between the party and the people.
- Mao adapted Marxism to the peasantry because in China there was no industry.

8. What started the civil war in China?

The heating conflict between Communist and Nationalist sympathisers. Extreme measures were
being taken to prevent communist ideals from spreading, but the systemic oppression of peasants
was

9. What influence did foreign nations have on China from 1912 to 1938?

During the first World War Japan had presented to China her “Twenty-one Demands” which, if
granted, would have given Japan a stranglehold over China. America and Britain intervened and
temporarily saved the situation. The British Foreign Office in particular was unhappy with Japanese
attempts to establish what would effectively be a Japanese protectorate over all of China

10. What caused the Communist revolutionary movement in China to gain strength?

The extreme contrast between the quality of life of two main classes. Although the middle class did
exist,

Bibliography

Encyclopedia Britannica. (2020). Chinese Revolution | 1911-1912. [online] Available at:

https://www.britannica.com/event/Chinese-Revolution-1911-1912 [Accessed 27 Jan. 2020].

The Chinese Revolution | AHA. (2020). Retrieved 27 January 2020, from

https://www.historians.org/about-aha-and-membership/aha-history-and-archives/gi-roundtable-series/
pamphlets/em-42-our-chinese-ally-(1944)/the-chinese-revolution

Chinese Revolution timeline - 1928 to 1949. (2020). Retrieved 27 January 2020, from
https://alphahistory.com/chineserevolution/chinese-revolution-timeline-1928-1949/
make?, W. (2020). What reforms did Mao Tse Tung make? | Socratic. Retrieved 27 January 2020,
from ​https://socratic.org/questions/what-reforms-did-mao-tse-tung-make

Ruiza, M., Fernández, T. y Tamaro, E. (2004). Biografia de Chang Kai-shek. En Biografías y Vidas.
La enciclopedia biográfica en línea. Barcelona (España). Recuperado de
https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/c/chang.htm el 29 de enero de 2020.