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Signals and Systems: Unit 1 Introduction To Continuous and Discrete Time Signals

This document discusses the classification of signals as either energy signals or power signals. [1] Energy signals have finite energy, with average power equal to 0, while power signals have finite power, with total energy equal to infinity. [2] Periodic signals are provided as an example of power signals. [3] Several examples are then provided of calculating the power of different types of signals.

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30 views

Signals and Systems: Unit 1 Introduction To Continuous and Discrete Time Signals

This document discusses the classification of signals as either energy signals or power signals. [1] Energy signals have finite energy, with average power equal to 0, while power signals have finite power, with total energy equal to infinity. [2] Periodic signals are provided as an example of power signals. [3] Several examples are then provided of calculating the power of different types of signals.

Uploaded by

meowkk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Signals and Systems: Unit 1

Introduction to Continuous and Discrete time signals

Dr. Pritesh Shah


[email protected]

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering,


Symbiosis Institute of Technologly, Pune

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 1 / 28


Classification of Signals

Unit 1: Introduction to Continuous and


Discrete time signals
Lecture 10
Classification of Signals

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 2 / 28


Classification of Signals

Energy and Power Signal

A signal is said to be energy signal when it has finite energy. For an


energy signal, average power P = 0.
Z ∞
E= |x(t)|2 dt (1)
−∞

A signal is said to be power signal when it has finite power. For a


power signal, total energy E = ∞. Periodic signals are example of
power signals.
Z T
1
P = lim |x(t)|2 dt (2)
T →∞ 2T −T

The signals that don’t satisfy the above properties are neither energy
nor power signals.

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 3 / 28


Classification of Signals

Energy and Power Signal

The power of the energy signal is zero over infinite time.


The energy of the power signal is infinite over infinite time.

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 4 / 28


Classification of Signals

Energy and Power Signal

Example 01
Determine the power of the signal x(t) = A sin (ω0 t + θ).

Average Power,
Z T
1
P = lim |x(t)|2 dt (3)
T →∞ 2T −T

Z T
1
P = lim |A sin (ω0 t + θ)|2 dt (4)
T →∞ 2T −T

A2 T 1 − cos(2ω0 t + 2θ)
Z  
P = lim dt (5)
T →∞ 2T −T 2

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 5 / 28


Classification of Signals

Energy and Power Signal

Example 01
Determine the power of the signal x(t) = A sin (ω0 t + θ).

Average Power,
T T
A2 A2
Z Z
P = lim dt − lim cos (2ω0 t + 2θ)dt (6)
T →∞ 4T −T T →∞ 4T −T

T
A2
Z
P = lim dt − 0 (7)
T →∞ 4T −T

A2 A2 A2
P = lim [T + T ] = lim [2T ] = (8)
T →∞ 4T T →∞ 4T 2

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 6 / 28


Classification of Signals

Energy and Power Signal

Example 02 (a)
Determine the power of the signals.

(a) x(t) = 7 cos (20t + π3 )

72
Power = = 24.5 W
2

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 7 / 28


Classification of Signals

Energy and Power Signal

Example 02 (b)
Determine the power of the signals.

(b) x(t) = 2 cos (20t + π4 ) + 3 sin (30t + π2 )

22 32
Power = + = 6.5 W
2 2

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 8 / 28


Classification of Signals

Energy and Power Signal

Example 02 (c)
Determine the power of the signals.

(c) x(t) = 6 cos 4t cos 8t


6
x(t) = 6 cos 4t cos 8t = [cos 12t + cos 4t]
2

x(t) = 3 cos 12t + 3 cos 4t


32 32
Power = + =9W
2 2

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 9 / 28


Classification of Signals

Energy and Power Signal

Example 02 (d)
Determine the power of the signals.

(d) x(t) = e j2t cos 6t

x(t) = e j2t cos 6t = (cos 2t + j sin 2t) cos 6t


1
x(t) = cos 2t cos 6t +j sin 2t cos 6t = [(cos 8t +cos 4t)+j((sin 8t −sin 4t)]
2

(1/2)2 (1/2)2 (1/2)2 (1/2)2 1


Power = + + + = W
2 2 2 2 2

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 10 / 28


Classification of Signals

Energy and Power Signal

Example 02 (e)
Determine the power of the signals.

(d) x(t) = Ae j2t

x(t) = Ae j2t = A(cos 2t + j sin 2t)

A2 A2
Power = + = A2 W
2 2

(SIT) Pritesh Shah July 28, 2020 11 / 28

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