Angieta Caesarningrum (1909010033)

Cause & Effect

A CAUSE is WHY something happens or what
makes something happen. An EFFECT is what
happens as a RESULT of the cause.
The following signal words can be used to help identify and explain cause and
effect relationships.

Cause Effect
because so

since therefore

as a result of this led to

best reason so that

on account of result/as a result

Due to Consequently

If (cause) then (effect)

Practice #1.

Read each sentence below. Write the cause and effect.

1. Carolina was happy because she had won first place.

Cause: Winning first place

Effect: Carolina was happy

2. The footsteps outside caused the dog to start barking.

 Cause: Footsteps outside
Effect: The dog barked

3. It began to spit and so Paul took out his umbrella.

Cause: Began to spit

Effect: Paul took out umbrella

4. Since it was almost bell time, the teacher asked the class to tidy up.

Cause: Almost bell time

Effect: Class asked to tidy up

5. If Louise does her jobs, she gets ten dollars from her parents.

Cause: Louise does her jobs

Effect: She receives ten dollars

Practice #2. Read the effect and write a possible cause.

1. Cause:
Effect: Indro cried

2. Cause: A storm hit the city

Effect: The concert was cancelled

3. Cause: Trying to be friendly

Effect: the dog wagged its tail

4. Cause: The guitarist throws his guitar

Effect: the crowd cheered

5. Cause: Rony slipped the hourglass

Effect: swept the floor

Practice #3. Read the cause and write a possible effect.

6. Cause: Her mother was rude to her boyfriend

Effect: she didn't come home

7. Cause: He forgot to do thewashing

Effect: his mother angry

8. Cause: Davis catch a cold

Effect: davis goes to the hospital
9. Cause: It was a very cold night
Effect: he was wearing a layered jacket

10. Cause: He killed the president.

Effect: his criticisms were ignored

Practice #4. Write a sentence for each to show the cause/effect relationship. Use signal
words to help you.

1. Cause: The tire was flat. Effect: Faisal got a pump.

Faisal got a pump because the tire was flat
2. Cause: Farrah ate too much. Effect: She had a sore stomach.
Farah had a sore stomach, becauxse she ate too much
3. Cause: Someone knocked on the door. Effect: The dog barked.
The dog barlerd, because someone knocked the door
4. Cause: Vivi saw her friend. Effect: She smiled.
Vivi smile, because she saw her friend.

Practice #5. Identifying cause and effect helps us to understand what happens and
why it happens.
Signal words can help us identify cause and effect relationships.
Use the signal words in the text below to help you identify the cause and effect relationships.
BOLD the CAUSE SIGNAL WORD and UNDERLINE the EFFECT SIGNAL WORDS in the
paragraph below.
Sea Turtles
The sea turtle will choose a dry spot on the beach to dig her hole. In this hole, she will
lay her eggs. This is because she wants to keep them safe from crabs and birds.
A female sea turtle usually lays between to eggs. The eggs are strong. This means that
they do not break when they are dropped in the nest. The eggs hatch after about days.
The baby turtles make their way to the water. If the babies hatch at night, most will
make it safely to the water. If the babies hatch during the day, most will be eaten by
crabs and birds.

Sea turtle are in danger. Many of the threats are caused by humans.
Sometimes, turtles get stuck in old fishing nets. When a turtle becomes tangled in one
of these nets, they cannot swim. This means that they may drown.
Another threat to sea turtles is plastic bags that have been thrown in the water. Turtles
think that these plastic bags are jellyfish and so they try to eat them. This makes the
turtle sick and they often die.
Water pollution poisons sea animals and other sea life, such as seagrass. Seagrass is
important food for turtles. This can mean that there is not enough food for the turtles to
live.
Sometimes, sea turtles are hurt or killed when a boat hit them. The propeller cuts into
the turtle.

Practice #6. Find at least 5 cause and effect relationship in each paragraph below:
 Shrinking Habitat of African Elephants
The human population in Africa has increased rapidly causing a growing demand for farmland. This
demand for land has caused the natural habitat of elephants to shrink. As a result, elephants have less
space to roam, meaning they come into contact with humans more frequently. Farmers’ fields and
crops are often disturbed by these wandering elephants, leading to conflict between humans and
elephants. More often than not, it is the elephants who lose this conflict. Logging and mining
industries are also responsible for the declining numbers of elephants. Both of these practices
destroy elephants’ natural habitat, therefore, making it more and more difficult for these animals to
survive.

no cause effect
1 Human population in Africa has increased a growing demand for farmland
rapidly.
2 demand for land the natural habitat of elephants to shrink
3 elephants have less space to roam demand for land
4 Farmers’ fields and crops are often leading to conflict between humans and
disturbed by these wandering elephants elephants
5 these practices destroy elephants’ natural more and more difficult for these animals to
habitat survive

Impacts of The Industrial Revolution

While the Industrial Revolution was responsible for a number of positive changes for people, it also
caused many problems for the people of Britain.
It changed where people lived. Before the Industrial Revolution, most people lived in the countryside.
Because jobs moved from rural areas to the cities, so too did people. The sudden and significant increase
in the population of cities was one of these problems. Houses were small and overcrowding was very
common. Living in such close quarters caused sanitary problems. At the time there was no sewage
system, which meant people would dispose of their waste on the streets and into rivers. Diseases spread
easily. Smoke from factories, engines and fireplaces polluted the air around the cities. The waste from
factories was also regularly dumped into rivers.
Working conditions were very poor. One of the reasons for this was that there were so many people
looking for jobs. This meant workers were easily replaced if they dared complain. People worked long
hours and in dirty and dangerous conditions. Many workers lost limbs and some even died while working.
Workers had to put up with equipment that expelled smoke and as a result, many suffered from breathing
problems. It was also common for children to work in order to help bring in money for their family.
The Industrial Revolution ended around the middle of 19 th century.

no cause effect
1 the Industrial Revolution was responsible many problems for the people of Britain
for a number of positive changes for
people
2 jobs moved from rural areas to the cities most people lived in the countryside
3 Living in such close quarters sanitary problems
4 dared complain workers were easily replaced
5 Workers had to put up with equipment many suffered from breathing problems
that expelled smoke