a ) ion. acin | website: allen.9c.inNMTC-2017, nae | 6 vat ihenatis ‘smn Science isp ergo. Examination in Physics (Boge 0-219) faa sano 1 a | sere oo) ‘5 MEMBERS OF THE WINNING INDIAN TEAM OF 6 ARE Staite eeu Sues NTSE 2018 (STAGE-) 390 Students Selected From ALLEM International Mathematical Olympiad ‘RMO 2018 108 EC National Slander Examination in Chemisty Blog aenorn {aaron Sicheetases a ce UryyY Levey” ConrTents Crop Prodcton and Manasebent |g 2.0) Microorganisms : Fiend and Foc2"2| 19 3. * | Conservation of Plants and Animals | 35 Founpation Biotocy - 4 er stidents, we have putin best ellos for making i mode highly intraing, enya wenn ‘nd te rom erors, We weloome your vahable feedback, suggestions or ary comers to further improw the quay ofthis module. Kindy mal them to son mociles pct in,Introduction Alsi organi ele fod or thal growth and sural. Food isthe ‘Combination of variourorsmic and orgri ubetnces which are epee Et providing energy forthe various metabo ates. The food suppes atbelates proes ft, arin and minerals required by our boy “Thetwo aor souces fod we th ans and animaswhich re baie from agriculture and animal hisbandy. In present te due to the tremendous sraseofhunan population, demand of fod and shal hr abo increased Higher grain outpt con be achieved by bringing more land under ‘uation. The other possi sto nreasefrodhtonefficery of oth ‘lant nd anima. Increase in production ean be brought about by the ‘development and use of unprowe vrees wih high veld end better ‘manager proces (both re and postharvest, Itsimporta that oad poston should be eres without degrading ‘ur eminent andl detrting natural blanc, This posse through Senetc mprovement of crop plants fa second green reoltior) and omesratd imal xd adopting susanabie ere Wy do we have to eat fod and how can we provide fod too le nurnber of people in our county? Explanation Food povde energy tong organs and his eneray led the ‘rghtns or canyon th verourbody fines. So we hve to ea {oad In order to prove focd fora f® population, fod has to be Frotheadon alge alfa ths, rear potion, oper maregerat “Agriculture is an applied jological sclence which deals with the productionof plants (agronomy) and raising of tive stock (animal husbandry) forhuman use.” Ti wader ot bab ela eves of rods fer (96! | created ue of Terians 8| apo acon cll ison ein Rl cmon be proce rsa Inde law edtous n bal pi Fr of reno e's m3. Semcon End duration necessary. TORS Piansf same hind which re grown anced atone plac on large eae are locum ae cope Diferent types of ops require diferent climatic conétions tke temperature, humidity and rafal (Cros are ident two na groups onthe bass of growing season.— a CBSE : Class Vill “ aust =| tue Biology Tat ep sToawaoprnvoom crm nwa Pgh Koon pir or ap aie oataey mone tnSspena/Oanbe ey na liner na reget word aed seat Oe oo ne tg ety, sure om oe pall oh Sutbneteenlotes Sib macielt ome creat lit erepe: Tesceyran ine mnt Oaster tombe Sibnede news Deneneceneg ea wd acm ca cai open fo gh 2g. Whea!, oat, bry and pes, eae a a Fae ow TD, Tao A HORSE HOE am ce i Plas bares rotor ay al Tor neal es Rex Coe fas fo, Wh Bn, Sa, Pp Hoe This for ring ues nd or oseing hea thas ei kin, Me, Sich, abo, ata Ler, Rt, lng wonder on A tong, ab nt ono one ofisends whch worse ade ple yale Cereal erops ae hn cca ad tha pros may oo & ce, ual, gh, bce nes de Paes rich roto thr spl forbs bg 2 Gram meng, pn, el ison gon pn Ol seed crops te ihn i en ay aed ol ts prone re = Grain, nloner ssaben, ust se sat \egetable cop rss mia rg uth na gots ress ofan poco oe Cltator : Plughing cat ako Se done tractor den ctr The Spinach, Cabtoe, Pataca Crt Useof edtaor aes aura Fodder crops prove gren feder tothe atl, 9. Bersaom, sorghum, maize, ont, dan gre, aa Agriculture practices Actos which are cai out by the fame lo ensue good cop vil, in parcar sequence, tll the crop mature at harvest are knoum 96 agree practices, (0) Soi preparation (6) Plughing (Leveling (9 Manurng Sowing Blnigation (0) Weating (©) Honesting (6) Threshing ™Wenowing 8 Stonge ‘Soll preparation Vorious processes are ina ii Ploughing or ting : Process of losening and taming ofthe sol ‘ald ploughing orig. ‘Advantages of ploughing allows ming of manure and fetter more uniformly. fi) Seeds ae abo abe germinate more easy (i) lalous good root pensation so thatthe antishal iyo thes. (Roots are abla to breathe mere es. (6) Loosnedsl promotes grouth of worms and microbes ubich help to ‘manvaln the fer fs Agriculture implements: The tools raged for crying out the acts Snvokedin te euftion of plans are own as agriculture plement, ‘Why does the sll need tobe tured and loosened? Explanation ‘She onl few entimeves ofthe op her af st supports nt growth, fuming and osening of sol ogs thei ch ct the top otha ‘nt can use these iret. Thus ting ad ooeeing of sis ery Important for eutton of ros, i ; i a Teyelng Tia yh os fl nD Crna | i i broken down and the sos leveled wth wooden planks or on leche, the proces calving, Lasting it done otter owigand nga VS Aplnk slo the sil Anion er ad Sal veers Se |CBSE : Class Vill erica ho yp f menue ch produced by. the eared at orgie wate ieugh consumeton by tel orion Tes poms ow rremeonpig. 4 fo, Hope: ALLEN “aavantageso Ty 1) thepeinuniorn stun of water an manure Ai prevent the lone sal fom being eroded by water o a Manuring : Famers have to add manure to te fil to replenish the sol rains, hi roses noun as aren, “Manure Thee ar organ subtnces, cbt tom the dacompostin ‘flan nd anal wastes, ‘Advantages of manure (@ inerases the mamber offend mires. (improves the texture of by adng organi matter usm. (i iincreases si ety, waterholiing capacity ant aeration. (0) leredvess soeroson () Wicbeap Disadvantages of manure (9 They ove ls emcunt often as compared to fetiaes i) Manures are bul and not easy to tore and tenspot. ‘Why ar the earthworms known as farmers ind? Explanation Earthworns are cad a farmers fend beens the burrowing action ‘of eatnvorfelpst loosen he sol particles ad imerowsthe Pus structure of oy adding hus. Fertilizers + Thove are commercially manufactured inorganic sa containing one of nore ese plant rurens ike NPK, which are sad tolncreaeoifetty, ‘Types of frtizrs } | | [Ntrogenots: Sadun rita, Urea Phosphate: Armnaeium phosphate Plas Potassum sulphate ‘Mixa: NK, CA Calum ammonia rte vantages offetiizers| 1) Theyare ntint spear ered mall amounts, (ih They ae wate sole aa absorbed by the pent easly. ti Theyare exyto ore and transport, ()-Fertizers can change the sel struct by ling the sollmicrobes. (a) Excesve use of erties has made the soles fre (a) Accumdstion of fertizrs in water bodes causes eutropha. er) ae ‘i ‘Tostdythe fect of manure and friars on growth of plants thos ‘Toke mong orem seed and gerranate tem. Selec thee ental sized ‘edings, Take tres empty glasses or snr veses. Mark them A, B SAIC. To css A ad ite amount of sol mid th a ite cow dung Arona. bs ies B a the sme amount of oi mixed wth ate ue. ‘Take the same amount of sl in ise Cwthout adding orhing. Now pour th ete amount of water i each glass and plant te seadings x {horn Kesp thm ina sfe place and ater thar daly After 7t 10 days obser thor grout. Grong ssdinge wth mare and fers Observation ‘Weil sere that sedge las in which urea was ade showed butter and foster growth of pts than these a glass A and lass Cer thatituasglss Ain ubich manure was de, showed better growth han shassC. CConetusion “Thusferizers rc n nents and alp in faster growth of plants but tr should remember that exerse we offers shoud be avoided as ‘makes elles fete Methods for maintaining sll frit without us of fertilizers (0) Field fallow ; The pracieof leaving the fk uncthated for 9 season cll ld alow: (8) Crop rotation : The practice of growing fren crops aerstely inthe sme fli called exp rotation, e.9 farmers ws to grow legume as fodder in one season and wheat in the next season. This ‘bps inthe relent ofthe sll wth trogen, (0 Biofertiizers: Organisms hic enc the soll marin de to thet inlogkal aces areca belies 9, Rhizobium (ctr, [Nostoe snd Anabaena (SGA Blue Green Als If the sls vary dy, what shuld be done by farmer before pouahing? ‘Can you explain why most crops havea patel season in which they gow ‘Afarmer grow moong during the aay season, wile get 2 good crop? ‘Why does loosening of sol alow rots to breathe eas? Feeding riTonig a bl a co a yen which the orm ies rd pea onan ao ni cere ommended TSopsicdoCBSE : Class Vill ALLE! Differences betweon manures and fetlizew 2 [a ne a ne NS | lens Psa ey re Fy on oe gar a ti wer DT al ir TTS Kosky pn a Fy haar reat a a Hs SCO Soe es rae Kroger fe by be boc fai anm an ost nar ea plore ests [Tey re bly stoner so IT [hy reread a Sowing The proces of puting the seed inthe sols noun ax sowing, Before swing, good quay seeds are selected. Selection of seeds : Healy seas srkand wk or insect eaten sods oat on water, Heathy seeds are separated and did belore sowing ‘Sowing can be done by (Broadcasting: Seed soun by hand o manual (@) Traditional toot: The tol used traction for swing eds hos shape lea funnel. The sods are filed into the nn, passed dou ‘hough to or tre pipes having harp ends, These ed eres into the sol and place seeds ther, 6 Tradtnal mato of song {Seed dil : Sods ae sown bythe ood cl wi the lp fa tractor, "Reaves tne and xbour. This tol soms the sods uniform proper dtonce and des, Precautions during sowing seeds a (9 Use good quality, hea and disease fre seeds (i) The seas shoud be soun ata particle depth under the so. Sods leon the surface of the sol may be cod or destroyed by the Insets and the brs. Sead paca daep it the so may othe fa to germina may alto come ot Int he alr germination (at Distance shold be proper to ave verrouding (i) Enough wate should be therein the se ees ! I i i au ag! Fray aac nay aoe samo shied othe anf, This process s known as transplan. Kenobles the formers to sl the healthier ssdings 2.3 Rice, Onion, Temato, Bal nd Chil ‘Geto reasons why sods shoud be sun at conectdtance? Explanation ‘Seeds shoul be soun at comet dstance to avoid ovecroudng {ihe seesare to close thay wil not et enough water, sunight an (8 I the seeds are too far apart, there i astoge of led space 3 ligation ‘The procesf artical upping of water othe crop at diferent tens ‘call ration. The time and frequency of igtion varies from crop ‘oop, silo olland smgon to saron Sources of rrgation : Wil, ube wel ponds, es, her, canal and brs Methods of igaton (a) Traditional methods ofirigation ‘Surface irgation : in this peo ington varied fromlae, wal aed canalty ung fling trina nyse moa ley tem hin ump, ded, aha ever ster, Pumps are commen sed for iting water. Diesel,bloaas, scar energy and electicy i used fo ran these pumps. Thelited water Is alowed to run over the ld, These mthods be cheaper. Dh Rahat fever sister) Fad Tadional ths of rion Disadvantages of traditional ways ofirigation They equ more human abou and human efor, (i) They re les efficent o waters wasted in lege quantity (a They are no useful for poor uate regions, (@) Modern methods of irigation eee ee v, aly a7 Tnsiniaton v gates rated of co eterno at menses cal roe Iaging Bao nll a fa eh rd itor ‘The following moder wos of iigaton ae used which hep to conserveCBSE : Class Vill 9.9 Sper stem aN PEO Dep Ssten ALLEN ‘Spank systom (this system, te prpendiclr pipes having rotating mazes ontop, are oinedto rain lp ne treguarintrl. When woe ile ‘olowttvough main pipeline under presure wth tbehelpof pum, ‘escapes from the rating nese. (i tesprende water unformly ver cop plans and ld (i Tas methods useful for sandy sol and uneven nd, where scion rater snot vob () Wsanefient stam the cranial aren of Haya and asta. Drip system or trickle irigatlon 1) inwohes the use of pipes fitted with smal tubes cal mites. The Pipes ae lad ver or under the sland emiters elas water drop ‘bydroperourlthe roots o the plans. (3) this meth uate isnot wastad at all {e)Thisathd boon in poor water regions (This the best rigatontachnique for fut crop, aden and trees, ‘Advantages of rigation Plants contain 90% water. I is important for proper growth and evelopment of flower, ruts and soe of plans (i. ints the mowsure of si, (W thepsin germination of sods, {i helpsin supply f essential nuns. (if Nutrints sched in water ge transporte to each part of plant. (0, Water also protects the op from both fos and hot ircurents ther igation systems i (9 Canal aystem : Cat rece water fm herr. The min canal sredledino bance which re frther ded int rin es {o cver maximum ares for rion. (8) Tonk: Tonks are ate storage resenols which store the runoff ‘ters catcent re. ‘ag wll ~ Water i ited up by llock, 0d crop of moana because moong shouldbe run ding simmer seson, ‘When sallislosened, the roots can breathe easy because ther is more ae present inthe sol Weeding Remora of weed or undsrabe pans aed weeding It can be done ‘Harp rows) and brow. Weed: hy ar unwanted plans which grorslong ih ciated rp ‘ld, Thay can severly reduce cop lls by competing fr Hah, ater ar ruens. Some wend interfere in harvesting and may be okcnovs fr ails nd uman beng. ‘Some common weeds : Prthetm Gsr gs, Cems Amartis (Ctoukl, Chenepodun Bal, NanianGeldvoo and Darden. Reh ek | tmunks _MChemim — @ommna _ot_W "Rg Some common wide Methods of weed conto! @ Mechanical control: canbe done\y ploughing, burning blore soutng of sed and cating of weeds before they produce fours and Seeds. Kurland sea drs ako used in vproting of weeds (@ Chemical contol ane done by sang wonder orate (Chemical which are ud oll the weet). They do at darage the ‘rope. The woucds re ted wh tert the extent seme ad spayed inthe elit sper €9.2,4D24 deNerophencrsaceti ac 2,4, 5724.5 tebleropherowscet i, IMCPA rth, chlororhenonacetc ai, Butachlor Atrazine (4) Biological control this hing orgs fee to destroy weds. 29, Casa plant preverts the gouth of Parham weed, Herons sh (Carp ees on aquatic woods yl Pesticides or biocides: These are chanical substances used tl contol or spe pests, i, 12 Spenng weediE: Class Vill Jrvessces ses DDT Diss apie watiero hans, Adin, Malton a3 Sie contin: Acting mach on Kcret and sh tbe one ne anf me tr deve ena pcs rerio x 10 Frnaiaios [Raat Jpatiogens fintre, Hale eran cic erdesx mire, Burgandy ie) ‘Avaniages of using pesticides, (9 They ll posts que. (lcrease food production {i They are east ore. Disadvantages of using pesticides () They causeslland water palition |i) Reside eft onthe ruts sed s harmful forkuran consumption, Li They destroy oven the seus Preventive measures avoiding use of pesticides {Crop rotation, mutiple cropping and fed alow. (i) Sowing hesthy seeds and sane ploughing, {W)Useof pet and dose resistant hye varios of xp pant (3) Fld also need to be protected from grazing animals by rales wie fences and boundary wal (3) Bade are sored uray by ring eaccrows and beating of ums, ‘Doweedkideshne wfc onthe parson handing he woadide say? Explanation ‘Yes, spraying of weedcide moy alfect the eath of farmer, boca ‘wouter are cemal abtances ub are hart fama 50 fare Should cover tei none and mouth wih a plce of oth ding eyig | ofthese chemical Harvesting: The ating and guthering a rops after ts aturtion i called harvesting ean be done manually bys or by amachine cal harvester (Many fetal are assointed th harsting season sch s Baa Bits, Onam, Pongal, Holand Dia (May ropsegice pica nesing mochnes ©, Caton stipparstor oti com pha rushers forcom, (a) Fru and vegetables are generalyhond-icked when pe “Threshing :n the harvested cop, the grin seds need to be separated fromthe chat. This proces of besting out the rain fom the cop seal threshing Kean bedane ytxeshers. ha "Fag wo Combine These 1: pepe 14 ‘Winnowing nhs ronss the gra call stro sgrodally dropped ‘onthe grotnd roma height The hear seds fal vetcaly down, while the lighter chaff is own auay by wid 1.2] Wy should weeds be removed? Way crop rotation is wel oe farmers? Wi shoud excesive supply of water be avoided? ‘Storage : Proparsorage i necessary to get Seasonal foed roqlaiy Atroughout the ene Fry harvested gas have more moisture. es Ipvestad rans oe stored without dying, then thoy may get spo and teow the grminton expo Hence before storing them the fous ‘precautions mst be undertake. Precautions (0. Grains should be moisture free and safe from Insects, ras, and (0 Grains mt be propel dredin the sun to reduce the mole sit “Ths prevents the attackby nscs, ess, bacteria and ung (i Grains mst be stored inte bag metalic ies. {Store grains in tos, granarlesandqodowns wth chemical raiment to potet them from pets ert ad inset (4 ried neenlentes a be use for storing fod grains at home. Factors affecting stored food Bite ctors eg sets, micro organlsns, mites, bids, rodents and ‘ter erie (Abit factors 6g more, humidity and trperatre ‘Animal husbandry ‘The branch of agriculture that das th the feng, caring and breeding of domestic animals scaled animal husband. ‘Anime reared at hemes or in farms, have to be prowded with proper fod: shoher and eave. When ths sane on ge seal, noun 9¢ animal hosbany, “Te msn clement of anima asbandey re 4 Properteeding (Providing good she (a Proper health (e)Proper beeing (1) Cattle Farming Cate husbandry is done for we purposes mk production and draught [eke for agree work ie ting and igaton Cattle feed consists of two components 6 Roghage otshslge aunt ie chs oer 6 So or stage of gan $$CBSE : Class Vill Fon’ Sool ahi cle ie Basscrrest oF eames ALLEN (9 Concentrate: isa mivtre of cereals heal, ot, bale, sa, ‘rams, ree pot, cotton seads, gram bran, maases and oilseed ‘cake maistaned in water These are ch n profane, highly palatable ‘nd easy geste @ Poutty “The rearing ae caring of bids for obtaining eaat and mest forthe commercial purpose oun a8 pouty faring. (0 Tt inches chickens (fowl, ducks, goose, twkeys, guneafous, esfows, pigeons and qual (The eg ing pouty irs are cal eager or hye, wile the one ‘eared for obsining meat sealed chicken o roller. © Fisheries ‘The rearing ofa on alarge sae cle pleut. (The fish oggsare nxoduced ino smal ponds caled hatches. (i) Pshisarich source of proteins and ol These area good source cf vain A and vitamin D. (at Feesh ter shes Ctl, Rob and Mga (3) Marine ses: Tuna, Cod and Pome. In hatcheries, fs hatch out of eage which are transfered toa lrger culture pood where they get proper food, ight and axen. The fies far harvested when they afaln the reeds (9 Avicuture ‘The resin of honey bes for alarge sale production of honey ae bo vax, Is known as apie Besar rerelinooder bos for commer rot of hoy Honey bee colony and social organization Ina colony, there are thes types of bees ublch are tucuraly and functioraly diferent from one anther, 50 polymorphism s associated swt don of abou These pes ar Si vere Ws ed eco gy predcion. Rs cate he ike ncaa sk predusen Queen bee Queen bee bys eggs which hatchint lve, which grows into pupoe (i) Drove bee + Drones are saline than the queen, and ther function's to fertile the queen. (38 Worker bee Worker bees lok after young ones, collet necar 2d pollen from lowers nd make honey. ‘Animal disease Disease | Causal organiem | Organisms alfecied| [oa and uh da [Vi [eae laa acter [Cote Harane naib [vue Pout be Whe rrion Ts read e] | [Fou cic and Bacteria Pate bee irradi predcion Fabel vie rektan Or furan pa 1.2) ‘Weed compete withthe erp plans for ete, nuit, space and sunight and this ffect the growth of rops, So, they should be removed 2. Crop olaton revets the sol rombery deer inone spat rte, For example leguminous erops we nitfogen ofthe alto make niates which epeishesthe oll wth usable irogen, the sls then red or the next wheot or re crop. Roots get damaged and the plants de bocause of excesve supply of ter 12 ALLEN. “Sle te corec word om the fellowing It and fin the banks oat, wae, crop, mutes, reparation (2) Thesamehind of plans grown ona lage sae at 2 place called ‘Theft ep belore rowing rors ofthese, Damaged sods would on topof © @ (Forgroninga crop, sfc! sunlit, and "rom the soi ae ese ‘Ans, a} crop (preparation (@float (Autres, woter Match tems alr T wlth those in column Colum ‘Colamerh (a) Kpsfcrops |W) Food for cate W) Rabicrope |) Urea and super Phosphate (i Animal excreta, ow dung, rine 2nd plant waste (6 Wheat, gam, poo (i) Pay and maize (2-0, = 00, @— 09, =) Give tc example of each (er Khart crop 6) Rab crop ‘Ans. Khari cop (ce, maze), Rabi crop (wheat, ara) 4. Wie paragraph in your oum words on each of (2) Chena ferns 19 Organ manure "F the falling (0) Preparation of sol (9 Sowing (Weeding (@Thresting ; (2) Preparation of sol: Preperation of the sll ‘rwohe loosening and turning of the sol. This proces noun es ploughing, is done by wing 2 ‘wooden orton pleugh I's then levelled by sing ‘a wooda or an levee. After tat mans 8 one (0) Sowing: Sods are soun after preparation of the ool Sade can be sour maa eae) ‘orby sel des Seeds shoud be soun a the conect depth ard at conect stance NCERT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS | Weeding: Teproces ofremovngweedrirom = Biology a field is cal wooing. Weeding can be done ‘macuoly by puling the woods out by hand or by Using a harowto uproot them. Weeding ean also bbe done by spraying spect chemicals called wens, (Threshing: The proces sepeating the gras from thecut zopsknown asthveshing. Threshing carte done manually by making oxen or bufialoes trample over the cut erp of by using 2 machine cle thesher 5. _wheatiesoun nthe Khari season, wha! would happen? Diss ‘Ans. ‘The farmer wilnot eta gooderop because wheat should be sou in wieter season. 6. Howso gets affected bythe continous plantation ‘of crop ina Bl? ‘Ans. When thcropsae planted cntinuouiyin fi, the sl comes dient in nutents 7. What is inigation? Desenbe two methods of gn which conserve wae. ‘Ans. Supply of water to crops at appropri interals ‘scald ington. “Two mathods of ination are (Spree stem — Where t seins on the ops asf tis aig, (W Diptem-b this sya, th ater drop by drop jst atthe postion of the rots, 8. Arrange the following boxes in proper oder to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop pduction: Seng 97] [raguon | [raves suger fact a Preparation |[Prxatina naan Sowing |[otscd | [thet || Mores ‘Ans. 1. Preparation of sd. 2. Phughing the ol 3. Manuriog 4. Sowing 5.lnigaton 6.Henesting 7. Sending crop to sug faoy. ——CBSE : Class Vill ow felis oe dlleren rom manure? 10, help of lus gien below Mess are orgonie [These are atin! poo [ebearas ca ky legals 3. A-machine used for cuting the matured ke deception of rope) place and animal wastes, 4. Arab crop thats lo one ofthe dss. (8) [They are vichn organs [They ae neha 6. _Aprocesof sraaing the gran from haf.) lmsrerts, not rchin_|Nogen, Down |r. Phosponssane| 1. Providing uotar tothe eros. (10) [Potasum INP 2. Keeping crop grain for long time under Te ar pt matin They ae pane proper condsions (7) kre levee 5. Certai plants of the same kind groun on 3 Tey ae pot wahsie mT ae ohio Jar sae. (@) |ters absorbed soul |uwter ol absorbed ae fools cy. fr [They are not harmful to [They ere Farmfalto fel te peal {he enaronment be endrcnment. CL CJ They have raierisiy [They Fave higher C Cc lal quaniy so needed armour of rues jnaroe qua. So requed very & 1 sal quae 4 [Thy are ball sdbtanss| Ty are et ‘so deat wo tve and |eoncrtated frm im fransport. fart east transport [are sore. & Ja Tate [They are prepared [They are prepared co eat Interne Across ‘What are weeds? How can we ental then? au ‘They are unvented pons which grow along with | (@ Gram 2 cultivated crop na fed. There ae several | ()Winnouing ‘methods to contol weeds ke Dam 4 Mechanialmethods b, Chemical methods arene Bllogca methods Sern ag ay EXERCISE # 1 ‘Mulple choice questions 1. The scence of improving crop varieties is aed “fir Pant breeding (2) Hsrdation (3) Slaston (@llnoducton 2. Horcire dest with (0) production of crops (2) breeding of anima (8) tal of 0 \@Frosuction offs and vegetables 13. Which ofthe foouing ea rabl crop? (1) Baday 2)Coten ed (@) Maze 4. Paddy canbe groan in () summer 2)autuna Defy season (4) winter 5. What can be grou in ype (2) ray season 8) ering (4) summer 6 Loosening ar tuning ofthe scl cam ae Wetting 2) broadcasting (Gleansplantaion (4) manuring 7. Which one ofthe folowing isnot te about slunhng? MALeosers he so (2) erates the soi hs the sl hard () Alous easy penetration of roots into the sl 8 The big paces of soll Inthe ploughed field are called Arecumbs (2) fakes kine (0 ah of te ] 9. Onmicabtanerctsnadinm be xompostion 5” Gad pats ad ania wats we cle fitter ea ingee brevis a 430. Pant gt her eS ro the sola } AF nitrates: (2) nitrogen dioxide 1 “Ghaitogn oxide fh acd J 11. Werntomporing nabs a {1} codksoach, AF earthworm yo) ims (rand 12, Chara sane nope nan ne 3 called 4 Ghmaares Caters EB) pesticides 4 weedicdes f 19, Whtthone of the flowing ot «method to forty a at {i}Crop atone) Bertie {Gad low meted eee copptg a Biology 114. Leaving the areata land uncivated for one ‘oF more seasons is nou AO fed flow (2) top rotation (9) manus (0 theshing 15. Soaeg the seeds moray i known 2 () ploughing —_ broadest {Siting (@)trenspanvation| 16. Themetod of rarsfrng segs from esery to Wald i eon (W)brodeasing —_2eansplantaion (Biemp wtaion “(AD avesing 117, The uranted wi plants grouting along wth the aii ad (seats Nef onds Shumercoe Wipe 18, Chae wh il wns ae can os (2) errs (2 pesos BY wedies (4) none of thee 19. Which preventive measurels| avoid use of ects? (1) Gop rotation (2) Use of pest resistant wares of cop plant (@) Sumer ploughing SAYA ofthese 20. Chemical tances which re used to insets se ealed (0) fungi (apis @)weedeide (al of tere 21. The rocest of eating of erop after its maturation (threshing ——_ vesting (@)winnowing (8) none ofthese £22, Which ofthe flowing machine wou yos2 10 harvest a crop a walla to Bet ou the girs from the cat? (1) Median baer 42) Combine (8) Thnesher (a) Horo 28. Separating the gran om chal! by wind called ing (lybsation (9 threshing harvesting 224, Which eneof the ftowing cause) plant dacs (1) Vises (2) Bacaia (9)Fung: SIAL of thoseCBSE : Class Vill er ALLE! BE Guise wold cotae rk EEeree ron (soge———(hconentate mutts sich as loge, phosphors and Muti choice questone rom. mie Gt 0) and 2) (8) none ofthese am Leen eine tee 105) 26,_ Brora mint for stg = De Ty | ma ess 10. Geansr separa jn gga and ayy | ie (0 ate sanded neo ag eae 27.” Rearing and breeding of fb in pond and tankis | 11. Cette mpy suffer from 2 ‘viral disease called ae * oil ‘al vs Lite 2.Foke 9.Tre A.Fake Site 6.Fole 7Tne 8.Tre 9.Tre 10. Tre " © aqmenee fing 1 Hen HELE AMEN Se Fin te bianks (4) apiculture ora gee eta 13, fig, neg meget hon 9 Atoriaiwne 2. Kat sR 4 Poni . 1 bee eae ae in, es | \BrBrene (2) Workers on oes S.Lewling 6 roadcasing T.tvasplanaion — 8.Feriers | “ersasen (6 A ol he ice aero 9. hanes re 10.stnonog 11.Fostandnwuth done 12. dca keys gers car 18. abe, only los ea 13.piceare —14.Tina, Cala 15. Queenbee .. eee aie . eee ten ne cohinn 30, The tac of fh bcoding, hatching an a = Lea ee povig read neon TH Rie |B Bedeoing B+ ne 018 {green @ cher 2 When — |B) Fetzer 2200-44: 01-41:0-9 i118; 8-99: 0-90, 90. 8-90 s Wie @ Souingsnts Je) Raber ee ete anaes BM 46:1D 0: O-re ihe 161-4 1. Fertilizers are nutrient spectic. 2 ‘Column-t ‘Coham- 2. Rice isaleguminous plont. © TH Fiough [Tal Sominng of seed 3. Sourgolseebyspnkingthemtyhandialssy | 2) Hoe |B). Aninigon atom trond @) catvatr |). Mant narestng | 4. Enos wea tigmensoetofamers 4) Seed it |e) Leserng nt 5. Boake umd este mayadtoedrepaton tumingof 6 Cate do nota ombactrnl ses. ©) Mow |) Under | ira ee eghoge nth tT ; i 7. Mich noite tt dT reels Be. j | Fodelonay mdse reac oe (Semen, |) i | 9 thay asnarotcts| eae i | FO ere emerge eer elt cme |e 1 | Fain te Blanks a i j 1, The practice of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers ? | + eeNhemcmuwcakel mat seureye [U)Grempans a Posing —] j J. met emereutlot ofa 2 Sonngotseots |) Seat — | E 3 | Berne | lees (fas |] | | rn Nayar ees hokingcapectty 7 3 |S [elditdveeecineccatartengens:| | Lagesaie © | (2 Estoshaton j was ae | 4 ‘ Ihescaisitesote | |G. Broenveweot | (0) Aucrops | 3 { ced Be ‘eels: veg fertilizers 2. itp om re tot alent i ——————— 7CBSE : Class Vill ALLEN ALLEN, EXERCISE #2 Microorganisms : Friend and Foe Try sor anewerivpe questions © @ Wathboakesrg naga re? 1, Wat ore cope and on what bas they are | 6) Enumerate tw tds bch heen hated? ot cope re 2. Wiatusitavowerockietan ciel "=| (a lau each emaysneiaaer | 8 Uhatare sme cop? Nae thm 2. Wnttanedan 4. Wate tcp? Nae them, Why ere earthworms known 84 natures 5. Uiypeitjamettegemmmntesnersesr? |" puis! 6 What meontbyaptinel pct? Wat ar ahr fp ten a 2. Watranetghantbownigandtimingclia | oto? A eee 10. Gee the whinge ol lng tps of 9. What are crumbs? How are they broken? i 10. Whatis orgie orning? What ismeantby erp ation? 12. Whatls meant by soutog? 13, Why shold weeds be removed? 14, Whatarewosds? Deine weeds. 15. Whatare pestis? 116. Name the farm machin wd for both harvesting ad hesing, 17, Whotithesting? 18, Whatiemeant by wenowng? 19. Why shoal grains be did before storage? 20. What's meat by animal husbandry? | Short answer ype questions | 1. Whatarethe tree stepsimchodin the reparation ofeoi? | 2 Give wo advantages of ploughing the eld before suey 38, Name three natural methods of replenishing the ruven ofthe so Are these natural methods sulion to maintain hefty of the vi? 4. Whats maant by "eld alow? farmer never Teas hi itd flow, Wille get good cop? 10. ‘Long answer type questions What ac thedifereces between rb and hat crops? Gue one example each mab and kar reps. Why does farmer rotate crop inthe field? (Give the achontages and dsacbantoges of wing ‘What wll happen ifthe el not ploughed bore suing the seeds? Gre any two dsadvaniages, Define irigaton. Discus ts importance athe serous wap in hich water supplied tothe ld Wie a paragraph in your un wordson each of the foloing Hoe (0) Crumbs (aManore (@)Horesing (a) How are crops protected from pests? (©) What precautions should be observed while spraying estes inthe el? Wy proper storage of fod grain i portant? Howisitdone? ‘What do you mean by piscuture? Explain with ‘examples the types of hes found ‘Whats apicitus? How many tpesof honey bees ae there? ———————— EE 24 Introduction ‘A.ncroorganisn it sing orgni tha ery mine can only be ‘eon vith he aida a microscope. Conse tht the largest harman cai ‘ae about the damator of human hat. Bacteria els are ane-huneedth these of human ell ard virus are much, smal again A boteran ‘ext to a human ell He ty boot next 0 bg ship, ‘Occurrence of microorganisms (0 Microrganisms are present every wherein ar, si, ater foods, ‘sewage waste aswel as tsie animal bodies (i Theyean sure inal types of environment even nextel harsh ‘eironmenal conditions ke hot pings, desert sol sale wa, oe cad water ard mash ands, (at They are aso preset in dead ad decaying organi matter, 1 Sane an ve done wees ats eg my bn |W) Some microbes ve as parses ether ouse or inside the boy of other organisms and cause diseases, [Major groups of microorganisms ‘There ate five mojor groups of microorganisms ie, bacteria, vn, protozoan, algae ad fungus Bacteria ‘These ae single eld prokaryotic organs, found in wide range of ait anaing fom oars to deserts and at springs 3. Lacobc (cur cei). Cl wl sade up of peptdoghjcan. Tha are generally etrotroph but some bacarla aso show autotropbc non. a Various yes of bacteria onthe ba of shape “Microbes by weight represent 60% of the ‘biomass ofall ifeon Earth. They produce more than haf of all the oxygen wwe breathe.” | ticht stabroehs io itr dea wi dy omic gare Fatero meray ian tnoreon 9CBSE : Class Vill ott (Apts 0) Pion a? Uru ferme of ng ALLER Fong “Those are mubicsi, heterotrophic organs, lack chcropbyl and are general found in colonies. east isthe only excepuon which nie ‘in nature. Call wall of fungus is made up of chitin. eg. Pencium, Aspe Protozoa ‘Thase are uncer, eukaryotic, heertrophlc microorganisms. Ussly four in mot & agate habitats ad eprduce by binary fasion and ‘ruil sion. eg, Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena Pareckin a8 Vorious pes of Protzon Algae “These are unallar or mulicluareukayotle autotrophic organisms, contain chorophll pigment ond eany out photosynthesis. Cl wal of goe le mainly made up of close. eg. Chlamydomonas, Sega, Fi Vvious pes of Ale | i | | Biology asin a ‘Viruses re ashlar structres because they are not bul wo al. They ‘reimuch smal than cll. These ore ulremizoscplc oganisns, which Fesure ces of het organisms torepodice. eg. nvnza ins, polo ws, [ADS ete, Siratre of rus consist of nu acd and a protein cat, [Null ai can either be DNA or RNA. @ @ 6 Pep ws ana at Nameomonie Eater Fg Venous pes of Vises Microbes-ttend and foe tis iestimponilo ink ay pe ste mir: Mont incoonanins ashore, terre corgi a cure nti that thes vin Howe ry manor we puthogns soe can agent, Ths pathogen fen aed gem, trea teal oa Me frm) 23 Microorganisms - a8 friends Mesoorparisms are wd fora mb of prone ih (1 Preparatn of ed, rend, os and ches 2) In indy to roc cool wn nd veg 6) tn agate to nee sl erty (0 fnmdcines to oe nites nd vce. 6) Cerna th enronment, 1. Preparation of curd, bread, cao, ill dose and cheese 6) Formation ofcurd (da); Mating ofc roses ahh he lcs lug fh incre onc ab th acon feet tern rainy Lacobcah Tisch vad nth rept of i dos arethatras How does the tion of smal aunt of urdt mikcowers he whale rill ito cur? Explanation (Curd contains several microbes. Out of these, Lactobacis promotes the fonmtion of card, When the ered added to aver, the bctr, ulin fer an resus in conversion of whole il into eur \vnsis ced on coring betwen rg ond ron ng eeCBSE : Class Vill | Fig6 Rise in deg veto mirbiletity ALLEM ‘Aerive BioLocy EX] ‘im “To stulyLacobi bacteria in ond Metnod “Take some curd in atest tube and add water to. Shake thoroughly, Plsce one dopo tis soon ona ean las se and examine wer @ Observation ‘You wise silo shape bacteria ting in Stay these btn see daw aneat dag. Tisai dou that ideo Lactotacie teeters. (i) ln bread making: Vests el othe uncooked dough tomake he dough rs The dough ses tothe prodacon of erbon deni (because of respiration of yes! inthe daogh. The bands ten bo Heat of bking des he enthon dd, aking the bread porous adh. ‘Aerive Biovocy FR] ‘Aim “Toshowtementaton of dough Method Prepare some dough by mixing whet fo wate, sign and ene. Keep itina vessel and marks wer leet Patan the vessel ard keepin ‘um place for 20 3 hours Observation ‘Youuilintnoeainvchme ofthe doh Thelnese line abecise often of aon donde gain the dough hic elsitin ts expansion. Noe theleeln the vest nse nceae incline, (i) Ada flavour: Some fungi Aspergis and Peiclun ar add to choose ogi a spec avout 2 Commercial use of microorganisms :n industry ‘Thevine and bse ewe) indstes are important eddies ubich ke use ofthe fngs yeast. Yes grou on tral gars preset ft jue and rans ke bre ad ice. Yeast rings about conversion of ‘int aoholand carbon doe, 3. Aarcutural use of microorganisms Al pans and annals ned nitrogen, the gs that makes up 78% ofthe tir Some bacteria and Blu green alae ae the only crgaisms that ean take nitrogen realy from ait: Thase microbes convert atmosphere ‘legen nto compounds of nitrogen ands called as log nitrogen ners Thus, hey are ery uel agate, esthey eich the sl wth sitogen ‘Nitrogen Fiation :ferstothe conterson of atmosphere ritogen ga (into form usable by plants and other opps Iesconducedbya variety of acer, baths hee ing orga ain sumbioic association wth rans «9. The roots ofloguninaus plants he beans and pe, bear cevin sullen structures caled oot neds. The tacteum Rhizomes inthe root nods, Bata aritrogen forthe nts, wie the plants ge fod and shelter tothe bacteria This ype of rebtionsipscaledas aymbcti asiocation PO ‘im “Todeinonsate that Rhisbhumbacea are preset oot novhles of pea pont Method allot ps plant along uth the oo from a el. Was the oot wth ean water ad observe the os, You vl fod many smal outgrowths on the os, These are call nodules. These nodules centain trogen fixing ‘nce caed hot, With theelp ofa de, thse nodules into veryhin aces, Put one ses ona shi and bare under a microscope Observation ‘You ee mal ican, These are Abeobumbactra ub fi nionen| inthe Nitrogen eye: Nirogen sa essential element for alvng organs becaue it a pine component of proteins and mu acs. The relation of ntrogen through the ing ord non ikeg componets ofthe ‘boepher (a ol, water, plants ae animal sealed ntvogen cyl a] — ae] a8 Shenae Sacra of Neer i ‘Steps involved in nitrogen cycle (0) Atmeosparentrogen fied int trogen compounds by Riot tecteri, Bh aren algae. This calle as nitrogen fation. (2) The planisabsorb nitrogen compounds ete solland convert them Ino plant proteins. (2) The plants re eaten up by ails ants plant proteins ae usd formating arial prtens (@) When the plants an anmas puting betra and final pest in the eo decompose the proteins of dead pants an animals into ‘mona, This proces clad ammonia, (5) Arent fone contr int ois el then to néatos the action of Nérosomonasand Ninobacterboters respecte “The proces cad ition. Thew nates oe sbsebedy plant (6) The si contains dng tater cae oeudomonasubich omer rire fan of nog ito fe trogen which goes back nto thé stmospbere. The proces sailed dentition, 23CBSE : Class Vill Te ir aptcse tb aed os Pete fom Pesce patton | Assan ering in 929 Fi 10 Vccntion 24 2. How are microbes uso the ald of macne? 3. Name the process used to convert mil ito cd a9 Nap tien 4. Medicinal use of microorganisms Mizobes are being employed forthe production of both antbloties and Antibiotics: Antibiotics are produced bya numberof meroorganisns| tnd inhibit the grouth of ather microorganisms even at vty ow Fung ara o:tra arent! mirobes prodigy of antbits ‘Antibiotics obtained from bacterla: Sretomscn, streomcin an chlorompctn ‘Antiboties obtained from fang : Pein Gres, ‘These antbotis are used to cure a vari of danse buns, plants andoninal Precautions tobe taken whlle using anbitics 1. shoul be taken ony onthe ate of aiid doctor. 2. Patent mt complete the ene course a prescribed y the doctor 3. Exc dove ot be tae. 4. tTyoutake arable ue not rede orn wrong doses, ay sae ‘he a les ffctie when you night need in itr, Also aos taken unnecessary may il the beef bers in the body. \Vecenes: A vecine i logical preparation thal improwsimmity toa prea dese A vaccine ical contain an ogent tht rosorbles a disease-causing microorganism, andi often made rom weakened lad fornsof the microbe rs toxns, At presetvoecines agast sever doses have ben preduce such as dpdnr, mesks, mumps rela and poe. Polo drops gem othe chien under ple plo program i ‘cat acne Eh ower dred re ol pox Why are culderVinfons gen voeciaton? Explanation \occinaton gen ocrenfants to stengtien or act the defence rmachanism ofthe body agains a dsease sro protect the body from the dscase causing mirobes, bocaure the munya infants ew sd sos more suscepti to any infection Name the micro organs tht usll in strogen ation, ALLEN. 24 1 a x Catalog nie noone 0 Mert attra aig, nin aot decyl ead ps tena bobenind andes 64 They ton end sad ara and covet aris come Toone tele ss es Sbiipiegciget neni 00 They ao help sewage dpoml by prelctonGncompae Topomnct tae orate) Microorganisms -as foo 79106 Miser cn ce ary wp: Mayon Chota vrs Scrat sts jr ans Whe thon caner a date tener oping oo (lees causing meoorganiims (0) intima: Throgs cme ening ori else ar pulgine Paap nary ag our ‘vce tet on odo lta pa ‘Te rl esl ca etm cd panto nea Jorn nog ty fs toe yale roo Ecrmusaia bien eover og Chinn Como co, Con ox, "Soeeing can caus nection to a heathy person, Explain? Explanation ‘When a person suffering fom common cod snoezes, fine droplets of ‘outta thousande of sae speed in thea, The nm eter the body of heathy person whe breathing, ‘Carrers/Veetors = Those organisns which help the micros in the transmission of disease, are kaoum a cares of vectors eg. hoses, montoes, cockroach, as. (Cholera and yphoi are send through houses ‘Another example ofa carer mosquito, Female anopilas mosquito, ‘whichis the ear of the parse Pama), ha the causative agent ‘of min, ‘Sendanly, Fee A ati cn of erga vin which canes denen fever. ‘Azotobacter Rhzobem Microbes are used in the production of vaccines and anbltis Fementation Control measures ofhousafles and mosquitoes (Food must be kept covered. (2) Proper sentation. (8) Garboge shouldbe eeposed property {i Mosquitoes bred in water So water must not be allowed to collect anyuhere. (4 Spraying f kerosene on the srtaceof ator ofr thin nhs ‘od onygen andl lvoe of mosses Biology 25CBSE : Class Vill ut he pac of bse Ht cs eed posering ore Closrin| asic Sno Sepia] rw od Botner ‘Modes of Tranemission ofsome human dssasescousedby microbes Sa San) — Wee eae ae i hoo oe eens - (© In animals: Microbes nt only eure dca umans bt aon nimae The folowing ale shows the et f microrgarasms affecting ‘evi ana Common animal diseases ‘Name of animal senses [stan ou Savas fats, Rat of Be Bacar [Avtar dca of nt Proton [Sleping sles bate, pasand Dosa (Te plants There ae several microbes causing esas plans. The [tof microoorganme afecting pants shown belo the able. Common plant dseases Name of Microorganio| = int dares Viruses [Tobacco morale Viruses [Yellow ven mosis of Bind had acters [Citrus canker Fungi [Rare bust of wheat “Thedsesesin pans ean decrease in crop ld. Tortora the plants hae toe treated by chemical o pote! them fom Asease casing How are res diferent from other meres? iy do we use nitrogen fing bacteria as a fericer? Name any two desaes aut by bactera n humans. {2)Mierobes Causing food spoliage “The contamination of food by microcrganisms resis into food sponge, “Toe const of hi poled ood human or wimal est int for 26 poicning. Microororisms Be bacteria and fun are response for food poloning “These microbes when grow o ood substances prods toxin. These make the food poonoue casing voting, serous ness and even death, “Therefore, there a need to presen food trom bag poled 2.5. Food preservation ‘The food tha we eats tern ow or cooked form. A ype ood can le tang of robes whlch esi into fod potage By ALLE} Methods of Fooe Preservation ‘The proces of trating and handing fod wth an am to stop or show Neves S| oaereon eer, See Serine tom oe ermericer| Beier m| CBSE : Closs Vill Fe. Thee Rs Red, Resjle and Rae a2 ALLER CHECK YOUR CONCE?TSERA] Wit meant by extinction? ‘Whan wae Projet Tiger Sere launch? ‘te two endemic ora spies of Pachmsrhi biosphere reserve ‘What isthe diference bebe Red it an Red Data Book? Recycling of paper Paper i a part of every Ie. Pape alas up over 40% of our waste stream, making tthe lop matrialthat we throw ay 17 fll grown tees tre used to make one tonne of paper. I we could recycle one morning newspaper evendla, we coud save 41,000 tres frm being cut own Paper rcsng the proceso usng cl paper products and ung them ‘eto naw reusable popor probes “There ate so many other roils that canbe made with eed paper aod the best thing about paper recying tha tse ss hema and ‘eats, hich rsferor te endronmert. Recying ol paper products tes 60 9 es energy than nansactreg rm new mater 3.10 Reforestation Reforestation the etockingof exiting forest and wood nds which ae teen deleted on floc of deforestation. the forests eplaced wth only ‘ne species of ree and al ther vegetation is prevented from growing track, amonoculire fore sna to sree rps woul be the es. ‘We shoud plant at leat sa tes a6 we cut Reforestation can ake place natal once the fore got deforested ois naturally regenerated ‘bye verity pt nd anal pecs inthis thre sno rleof human tangs. “Tremendous damage o ours sur the wile habitat. is rcesary to tan ur aren wet for future generation, Plantation of more tress sStheonlyopton Inna, we hve the fobowegacs that aim at resetion and consenaion of forest. (@_ Forest (Conservation) Ad - 1980 (8) WA (Proetion) Act 1972 amended in 1991) “The govemment of pase the We Protection) Act. n 1972under hich potted aren ie natonal parks and wide sanctuaries have been rented, B |. The specs of orgpnisms which have completely disappeared frm face ofthe earth 2. The Project Tiger was lund in nda in 1972-73, 8. @ Widmango w Sa 4, Arodlst ie» compltion of endangered willie species, whereas the Red Data Book provides an ofall the endangered animals and plats hich te incded in the Rod st ALLEN peer, NCERT QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS 1 Flnts bens ‘Aes. ©) (0 Apc where anise rtd nthe waite ‘aural habitat is called 2, aap. sanctuary [ar fra 2a, twat na ie (2) Species found only ina partlar area are epee el ets GET Ra wl we jn artificial settings Janienals and birds ; cea ce a [ner caesar fen tt Mtr yo uy am fos fe Aas.) A lace whee animal ae pected ini || froma eca ll total bat eld ancy sts etis eco ic frst rom te anda (9 Soni ound ey in 8 ptr ae we irr aio te rayne ome low o edie Let ran ragty {€) Migratory birds fly to far avny places because Serco Sees of ciat changes ea Seen ncaa [° frac tore met fata (0 Wie sncry and bomber rsee fine seis. _lopentomabc ius Za (92 oe we ntry ai (9 Fanart ad ent paces [Endengeredapecies | Bxinctapeien Aas [essposanionot- | Tisapouiiono? 2 eee |species that ison the ‘species that no longer fos le cttsmingexinc | exe Hoenn iiaie Samciany|[ Biosphere Resene] | (Biomol teropr | Dota peneraer ann) [I [Asdifeemciey Pptopherrennen|| [ecjrvemmint | st eremltcl Joccupies a feiaeaeey = Jenaronts fro arn stant || Ane |smaller areas of land, * i Fa [BT [A wails cy ioe ene [eceiy_ | The pe Hest lain for the forthe conservation of imabin aspect | particular area freeccn of wit _fbctcaty fhe sre fesonetatin [aise resect nth ecm | 8, Dw i fan dortaioon Tong firma bint elment he ea co {b) Environment = (9 Wilner al ros) [5 aang oe [al ae wT ee fon ansteger or a eer rt ae jmrtclavadie [etowtere Rene] | Jsanctuary. cd (9 The next generation bir fc tasar aint [ramen sas | Ans.) Etets of deforestation on wld animals Jerhov cata Jah av ttn Dora ha rem ee or ther flat ford nd baling ot tecetation fom an tes Tor ideal fricmens tc) fren ns) ore feu other poms Too nthe Jat atowed ina od ‘Soeton om th ntat of may ans ect fate eof» Trenee, the Rabo of wi einai Iniespene reserve destroyed, then their numbers would sonata. 43it CBSE : Class Vill (©) Elects of deforestation onthe environment Plants absorb CO, fom the atmosphere to perform photons pets re dedroyed, ‘han the lof CO, nthe aosphere i. ‘Ava remit, CO, wl rp more het adations, ‘thereby adding ola warming. An erease Inthetemperatueof the Earth dtr the satura woter eye. A a rent thee wl be achangein the rafal pstem. Thi could end tofloods or doughs. (© Ellects of deforestation on villages Roots of plans hal sol pares together, in the absnes of plants, the top byer of the sll wil be easy removed by the action of high Spee weds oF water ow. Thus, deletion ‘evcasesthechanaas of solerson. Are ‘alleen ad become le fer, Hence, a fete land, which sa source of Bin for famerstn Wages gets cornered nto deter, (@ Effects of deforestation on cites Deforestation in tes can ncrease the rk of many natural calamities sich a Hoods and -roughtsin that ars. Alo, tan edo glob werning de oan increas nthe vl of CO, In the atmosphere as a est of veer and Indust pluton. Thisinease in tmpartire can distur the natural water ye ofan area (© Elects of deforestation on the Earth ‘As result of deforestation, chances af ‘desertieation,drouahts, foods, ete: increase, Deforestation can ako incense the lelof CO, in the Earth, i wil ead to an increase in temperate, global warming. Ae result, the entire ntl ater cc wl gt dpe, This again increases the risk of natural calamites. ( Etfects of deforestation on the next generation Deforestation Is slowly changing our erironmental conditions. tis responsible for siobl warming, sol eosin, greenhouse eff, rough, floods, and many other global problems Asaresit, the next generation wll have to face severe consequences of deforestation, zea sn ALLEN ‘What wa happen fa) we goon euting toe. (0) the habtat ofan animal is sted (€ the top layer of sols exposed. (a) lego on eating tres, the natal habitat of ‘many animal wil get completely destroyed ‘Asa sul, the bioderyof many arene ll te severely affected. Alo, there wil be an Increase in the temperature of the Earth as 2 resi bal wanning, which an dsr the rar water Gye As resi thre wil be changin the oinfal pattem. Thiscold lad ‘olondsor doughs. Tiswllasonzease the kof sll econ, desertion, and naira alee (e) The habitat of an animal provides it with neces sucha sete, fod al protection, the habia of on animal dred then val be forced fo got eter places in search ‘ol foo! and sete The animal coud get ie ty other animal in th proces. {0.1 he 19 yer of sls expose, thn twa raul expoce the lowe lye of 0, which "shard and rocky in nature. This type of sls lee feet containsless srs Contd roll erosion wil make the land barren or Inert. Arawerin biel (a) Why should we conserve biodiversity? (2). Protected forests a also not completely safe forvild animals. Why? Some teal depend onthe hngl. Hon? What are the causes and consequences of eons? What Red Data Book? What do yoo understand the em migralon? Blodiverstyrofrstothe ruber andar of various le forms such as plans, aia, ord ‘mkroorgenms in an aren Pants an animale epend on eachother for svi, “Thimeansthat the destin fer of the two allt the le of the other Hence, we need to conse bodes to manain the talance of mature (0) Protected forests ae not commltely safe for wid animals becase peore who Ine near or adjacent forests se resoures rom frets tofulthe own requiem, ths poco, ‘wl nals ae ile and sol for hates amexnts of money, PF ALLEN. (€) Tends gtherfoo, fae andfalen branches of trees romforess. Henge, thay depend on forests for tht daly requrement (9 Causes detrestation (Forests ate cleared for accommodating cexpandnguitan areas nd for ulin tht ‘fer nresing requirements, (i Fovests are destoyal to deorland for cops and eat jing ‘Tres are at dour tobe usd fr Hrewood, Consequences ofdefrestaton Soleroson (Loss of odersy (a) Foods and doughts {Clit chaage due to global warming (0) Disuption uate ele (@) RodDataBoskica source book tht mains an interatca et of ll endanger! nial tnd plant species. This books manta by IUCN tntemtonal Union for Const Nature and Natural resources, (0 Migration wfes tothe movemsnt of an ‘rain or group of organisms fom atral habit te anober place ata parcdar time every yar: Organisns migra fom one bce to another to aol inhaiabie ciate onions oor beating 6. In order to meet the everncreasing demand in factories andor slr, res are being contin cut It used fo cut tres for such rojas? Disa and prepare a brit report No, tis not at alljstiid to ct resto meet the ever icreasng comands of human population. Fores ore thea of eer onpiasncading wil animals. The prowdeus ah god qu ‘asthe give out andar he ham CO, ge rom the atmorptere. Inthe process, tha prewar the excessive heating ‘of theatiospher. They prevent sll erosion and ‘trl clair ich food and droughts. They Increase the ferity ofthe sll and help consene bbodiverty. The euting of forest 1 met the demands of rowing human population willed to soba warming, erosion groonnouse elf, droughts, foes, and many more problems. The destruction of forests wl dtu the balance of nature. Henes, fests must be conserved Howeanyouconbutetthemintenanc of ren wealth of your loaliy? Mae isto acensto be taken by You i ‘Ane zP 10, 5. Deforestation i the removal of trees or other One ofthe national pass located near Dei = Biology Tean help in maintaining the green weal of lly byalingcareof the esate going in orarund my ty. ean plant ore 2d more tres, cana encurge he people in my beaty to plant more tees by inoring then shout the importance of growing tees. can mabe young chien wae the effects that deforestation as nour enrenment ad on ou plant. can abo ‘skh o water the plats diy, which wil ake ver lo thet ine. blew planing new ees Irae important stalin care ofthe existing trees Epon how deloretatonleadsto reduc ral ‘vegetation From an are or nds, gel, ‘orother purposes. Pants or tee abso) C0, fom the atmosphere. Hf plants ae destroyed, then the level of CO, i the atmosphere wl. The igh Jade of CO, inte atmosphere wl rap more heat ‘adations adn to gltal warning, This erase intemperate ofthe Earth wl distr the ntl ter eye. As rit of dupton nthe water ‘ole, there wile a change nthe ran pater, ‘The rediced amount of rainwater can cause droughts ind ot about nsona pain your state ent, and show thereat onthe cine ap fa, Corbett National Pak ‘Why shoul paper be sad? Prepare at of ways by which you can sove paper, 5. Popar shouldbe saved bacause it takes around seventzon ful gown te to make ove tonne of per Tres ase now oreleptant oinan ‘belance of ati. Tarfoe, order soe ess tnd pravent the impact of ther les Ising organises, we nea to save paper ts(CBSE : Class Vill a ARLE (©) Elects of deforestation onthe ener gran, Metra €0, fom be ae eaeiac toe roto rtoaatinn Hy 5 Deol Renee COs ae Maran coat PEE thie 3. Enlone mee 4 Baten seheds i beg eeé & of > PTT INfelr) J, @ . ig [p) 1. [a] HH [N| FR] ele [el_[e] Ld Ly FEDS DIET Te I tay [>| E] [a o [ol [7] a Sal eyP a a jo] Cy ol Dom x 1. Species onthe verge of extinction 2. Abookcanyg infomation abut endangered sees 5. Consequence of deforestation, ‘Across 1 ‘Species which have vanished, 3. Species fund enlyin a partilar ablat 44. Vasey plants, arma and miroorganisns found in an ae, f Topol eTe TST Tr1¥] R 0) lv fc F a 1. Conservation refers to (1) management of natural resources (2) pious ue of maura! resources (8 pete of natural ecosystems APS ofthe above 2 Foress (1) mina natural balance (2 contol atmossheepolhtion (2) prvent so erosion Fal of the above 3. Remantof to fee ayer of sity wid oruater fecal ()lexhing )staion Accson (weathering 4. More sol erosion occurs here there (no ranfal (Nw ran AUF nt 5. Sollecnanation (4) none of the above oe {CS protection of soll against loss ofits fertility $e comerion of tar sl eo frie st Qo i ae ‘increase in bird population be ! (4) removal of vegetation > | Gelatin ames hase ASF desertification of habitat ppetogeinie=te 12, 13. 14 10, au. Frequent fod in plans of Nother Indias dae (2) no at 2) sitaton of dans (5 dlorention in catchment areas (@) ogre ‘What ae the causes of extinction of wile? (a)Utbaniation —2)Peaching (8) Cutting of tees 447A ofthe above ‘A National Park provides protection to (0) fore only (2) fauna ony (9) flora and fana tAFitre ecogtem Plants and animals are best protected in AT Rational pans (2) Boral gardens (200 (0 None ofthese ‘The main bjt of Man and Biosphere programme (1) conse representa samples conte (2 provide opportunities for education and ning 1) provide appropriate sustainable managements ofthe bing resources 07-8 the above ‘Wife refers to (1) any Wing organism hap in cage (2 ony plant species growing in garden AST an wl arial or plant ny natural habitat (4) none ofthese Wich ofthe folowing i ile fre end bliber? (Teer 8 whale (3)Chins (4) Al of the above _He CBSE : Class Vill nL. ALLE which paper can be saved: 0 "Calter onf oc 1 Exar {Use bth sider of «perfor wig. 2 Red da book {Spread awareness abnt the importance of | 5. Drought pepe ‘Across (0) Uae pope tiger, 1 Bin Complete the vet ude 3. Endemic Tel 4. Boker q [x TINCT] clela) IN] o TTT) P] x H a [x] q Isl_[e| El WopE[ Myr [Cc] Tel T [R] [ol £| [al Cc B} f ela oop WER shy) 1 }o} o Down ix] 46 11 Spadas onthe vege of extinction, 2. Abvokeamynginformaton about endangered species, 5. Consoquence of deforaation. i 1. Species which have varied. $3 Speces found oni ina ptr habia 4 Varietyof plants, animal and microorganism found in an aa, GEGERE i i i | j a. 6 2 Conservation vel to (2) management of ntrl resources (2) udious we of nar resources (2) protection of natural ecomstems AVA ofthe above Forests (0) msintain natal tance (2 control atmosphere pluton (9) prevent sl eoson fifa ofthe above Removal of top fete aer fit wind or eter fe called ()lesching ——C42Fxoson lstoton (9 weathering More soll erosion occurs where theres (1) no rita) ew anf Ear Figh rainfall (4) none ofthe above Sedlconsenaton 5 (2) eration of sot (2) erosion of sot CB potection of soil aga loss ofits fertlty (4) conversion of strlen ere si Sei erosion can be prevented by (0) increase in bid population Udraferestation (3) over gracing (4) removal of vegetation Deforestation i the major couse of (1) emionmenal polision (2) depletion of ozone AF desertification of habitat (4) depletion of natural resources ‘8. Frequent foods none of Norther Ina de © (0) no rainfat (2 station of dams deforestation in catchment reas (4) agree 9. What are the causes of extinction of wile? ()Uanisation (2) Poaching (9) Ctting of trees 44) of the above ‘A National Park proves protection to (ora onty (2 fauna only (3) lore ond fauna 44 ate scoayatem 111, Pants and animals are best protected in “AIF Rational parks (2) Botanical gardens (1200, (4) None ofthese 12, Themsin obec of Manan Bosphee programme 10. (1) conserve represent sample of ecogtem (2) provide opportunities for education and ‘inna (3) provide appropriate sustainable managements ofthe Bing resources. Hirao the stow 18, Whe refers to (0) ary sng organise hap n cage (2) any plant specie growing in garden ASTI wld aia or plant in ental haat (4 none of these 114. Which ofthe following isle for and busbar? () Tiger ey 88 whale China (4) Al ofthe above a7CBSE : Class Vill Auen 15 Which oe oligo ncn Pmt? LwGianbore 2) Per Kane (Bono 16. Uh othe tng abd nc? (Ramparts) Pea feito AV sve 17. Wh feo atone arin n tes Ban sae (2 lore (9 uneie UN ofthe above 118, The back rhino i led for is e097 ee aon (9) meat 19, Which ofthe folowing stem is incorrect? (0) Project ger was inated on 1 Apel 1973 (2) Biosphere eserves are muipurpose protected (2) Sanctuaries re pec potctd areas for pro- cn of wid aia ‘None of ther | 20. Which ofthe fling isthe fist ste come ur Tage? (sim Corbett National Path, Utaranchal (2) Periyar National Pal, Ker (2) Kanha National Park, Madhya Pradesh, (@) Al the above. 21, Red Dafa Book provides information of (a) reataned species (2) biota of Red Soa (worl fora (4) woe fauna Ze MAB cen {0 Man at Body (2) Manns nd Bore Ua) Miae. and Biosphere (4 Mana iy 23. Sh Ane (0 Wot pope dy (2) Wo ea ay AG el ender ay (Wen aia oy 24. ‘Ciplo moeent connected th 0) Pre toe 2) Pan rete C18Y Protection ofendronment engin we (4) Conzenton of natural escurces 25, Whichofthefollusng W/are the stepsto be taken to conserve biodiersy? (a) Phin of tees should Be udertaken (2) Hunting of animale which s banned shouldbe ste enfoeed (8) Protected areas the National Parks, Wide sanchnris ar biosphere reserves shoud be ‘established. } ‘nyphe ; reef i cele i al en restricted geographical area or habit 2. Largest tiger reserve in India bs Ranthambore National Park 8. Plans of all species found in prticar habitat se caled foura 4. The headquarter of UCN ilocate in New Yor 5. The main leader of Chipko movement was Pandurang Hest ra ALLE Fill inthe Blanks 1, The species whose population is abundant at preset ut they maybocome endangered infutze are called 2, Those pedis of pris andanimaswhich arefound ‘exclusively in a particular area is called 8. The concent of Blosphere reser was nched by programme 4. Keoladeo Ghana Bird Sanctuary i famous for tid |S. n'est rational paris, loctedin Untabhand. “The places where rave ond threatened species of Plants are reared and conserve are called Projet tigers runing sine tyyconal government Migratory bids fy to far away places because ot shang. Species that fe found in small numbers are cal ste fist osphore esa ‘stalshd i Indl, COS True orf Ate 2 Foe 3. Fabo 4. Fale Inte diane |. verable species 11 Apa, 1973 0. Nig Blosphere Reserve B.cinatlc 1 4 migratory birh/Sieran crane 5. Jim Cobett 1 u 2 endemic speciesCBSE = Closs Vill Very short answer type questions. 1. Whatdoyoumean by bier? 2 Mention some human sctiities that cause etoretaton. cat FMS + #TEES, ALLEN EXERCISE # 2 4. Describe the causes of sol ecson, 5. Howunldife cn be conserved? 6 What do yeumean by Endemic species? Ge any three exampies, Pe emacs 7. Givefew causes of destruction of endemic specs. & Wusteveenygablsenag! t0tiWe, thanrnctgtimocvernea 5 preneen Sestee caine Guaaica eee ela © EBSA ie ectad 7. WhataceBoterital and Zovlotcal gardens? | 10. WhatisChipho movernent? 8 Gh definition of Rare species Long mnewer te question, eee sts) ra ia een SR nnn ‘reforestation, V 10.» landslides and floods? See Beane aeraeeeaars 1. _Lstarious purposes for which tees rec, 2. How busking houses, factories and overgrazing ait deforestation? 3. Explain how deforestation leds to reduced water table BPTOREStabion. Abyerectahion reppers to Ce responsible fr increase in temperature of earth? ‘What are the advantages of reeycing pape? Wire ashort nate on migration, Pveyoresrarior GB) Re pporestabion reyers— +> Poveda wy bees 4 re: tua de even. ALLEN. Important Notes Biologya Together, we will make a difference. Materia Dect) josh Maheshwar (iret, jor Mates (Oretor HOD. 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