International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

Power Flow Analysis on IEEE 57 bus System

using MATLAB
Satyajit Bhuyan Sanjib Hazarika
Associate Professor, EE Department Asst. Professor, EE Department
Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, Assam, India GIMT, Azara, Assam, India

Aroop Bardalai
Associate Professor, EE Department
Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, Assam, India

Abstract- For proper planning and operation of power system, complex that these investigations should be done
economic scheduling of generating units and to achieve power
through tie line as per agreement, power flow analysis is a with some sort of computer programs. This
must. It is performed to have clear knowledge regarding bus program and subsequent assessment of power
voltage magnitude and angle and line flows. A number of flow is commonly known as load flow analysis.
methods are being used all over the world for power flow
analysis. Newton Raphson method, Gauss Seidal method, fast Load flow study thus aims at arriving at a steady
decoupled load flow methods are a few to name. Now days, state solution of complete power networks.
various soft computing techniques are adopted by researchers Load flow analysis of a real time power
as well as practising engineers for load flow analysis to cater
system comprising a large number of buses is
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various needs of the research institutes and the utilities. Every
method has got advantages as well as disadvantages. The complex because many data relating to power,
objective of this paper is to develop an user friendly software voltage, condition of circuit breaker, position of
to perform load flow analysis for IEEE 57 bus system. The
tap of transformer, condition of reactive power
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software will be helpful for researchers, practising engineers,

students of power system of various levels to carry out power source and sink being necessary. Hence it is
flow quickly and efficiently as per their requirement. The necessary to proceed systematically by first
software is developed using MATLAB programming.
formulating the network model of the system. A
Keywords - Power flow, Newton Raphson method, line loss. power system comprises of several buses, which
are interconnected by means of transmission
lines. With the help of power flow analysis, the
I. INTRODUCTION voltage magnitude and angles for all buses in
An ideal power system is composed of steady state condition can be obtained. For
three main networks. These are generating efficient power flow through the transmission
network, transmission network and distribution line, it is required to keep voltage level of the
network. The power system is complete with buses within specified limit. Once the bus
various kinds of loads along with the above voltages and angles are calculated, the real and
networks. Power flow analysis aims at better reactive power flow through the lines can be
operation of the power system under normal as computed with the help of MATLAB. [1]
well as abnormal conditions. For augmentation of
power system, contingency analysis, expansion The steady state real and reactive power
of power system, power flow analysis is a must. supplied by a bus in a power network is
In this process, profiles of the bus voltages, flow expressed in terms of nonlinear algebraic
of Active and Reactive power, effect of re- equations. Therefore it would require iterative
arranging circuit configurations and installation methods for solving these equations.
of regulating devices, etc. for different loading In this paper Newton Raphson method for power
conditions are to be analysed efficiently. Modern flow analysis is used because it is preferred to
power systems have become so large and Gauss Sidle method considering several
computational aspects. [2]

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

voltage phase angle ɵ are known, whereas real

II. NECESSITY OF POWER FLOW ANALYSIS and reactive powers Pg and Qg are obtained
through the load flow solution. [2, 8]
Load flow studies are undertaken to
determine Newton - Raphson Technique:
i) The bus voltage magnitude and system
voltage profile. The Newton-Raphson method is widely
ii) The line flows. used for solving non-linear equations. It
iii) The effect of change in circuit configurations transforms the original non-linear problem into a
and inclusion of new circuit elements on system sequence of linear problems whose solutions
loading. approach the solutions of the original problem.
iv) The effect of temporary loss of transmission The Newton-Raphson method is powerful
capacity and generations on supplied load and method of solving non-linear algebraic equations.
accompanied effects. The fundamental Newton-Raphson expression
v) The effect of in-phase and quadrature boost allows for convergence to be assessed by
voltages on system loading data obtained from comparing power mismatches (ΔS) against a
load flow can be further useful for economic prespecified tolerance rather than voltage
system operation and system transmission loss comparisons.
minimization.

III. POWER FLOW ANALYSIS

A bus is a node at which one or many

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lines, one or many loads and generators are
connected. In a power system each node or bus is
associated with 4 quantities, such as magnitude
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of voltage, phage angle of voltage, active or true Then

power and reactive power in load flow problem
two out of these 4 quantities are specified and
remaining 2 are required to be determined
through the solution of equation. Depending on From which
the quantities that have been specified, the buses
are classified into 3 categories. Buses are
classified according to which two out of the four
variables are specified
1. Load bus: No generator is connected to
This Equation is in a suitable form for partial
the bus. At this bus the real and reactive power
differentiation to derive the elements of the
are specified. it is desired to find out the voltage
Jacobian, J given by the following matrix.
magnitude and phase angle through load flow
solutions. It is required to specify only Pd and Qd
at such bus as at a load bus voltage can be
allowed to vary within the permissible values.
2. Generator bus or voltage controlled Real and reactive power mismatch can be
bus: Here the voltage magnitude corresponding expressed by the following matrix equation
to the generator voltage and real power Pg
corresponds to its rating are specified. It is
required to find out the reactive power generation
Qg and phase angle of the bus voltage.
3. Slack (swing) bus: For the Slack Bus, it A simplified flowchart of Newton Raphson
is assumed that the voltage magnitude |V| and method is shown in Fig 1.

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

The Newton Raphson method is the most

robust power flow algorithm used in practice.
However, drawback of this method lies in the
fact that the terms of the Jacobian matrix must be
recalculated and then the entire set of linear
equations must also be solved in each iteration.
[3,7]

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Fig 2: Single line diagram of IEEE 57 bus system with area

devided [4,6]
Fig1: Flowchart of Newton Raphson method
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Load flow analysis is carried out in IEEE

57 bus test system. Output Voltage magnitude
and Voltage Angle values from Newton Raphson
method for IEEE 57 bus system is presented
below. All values are in per unit and angle is
given in radian.

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

Table 1: Voltage magnitude and angles of IEEE57 bus system

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

RT
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ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

IV. CONCLUSION IEEE 57 bus system using the software even

under load deviation in load buses and change in
In this paper Power Flow analysis is R/X ratios for various lines. Future scope may be
carried out for IEEE 57 bus system using load flow analysis of such system with inclusion
MATLAB. The aim is to determine voltage of FACTs devices in some lines.
magnitude and corresponding angles for all the
buses of the network. Line flows are also V. APPENDIX
calculated. It is therefore easy to calculate the
system losses from these flows. It is seen that Bus data and Line data for IEEE 57 Bus test
number of iterations for convergence is less for system is tabulated below
Table 2: Bus data of 57 bus system

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

Table 3 : Line Data of 57 bus system

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 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)
ISSN: 2278-0181
Vol. 3 Issue 8, August - 2014

VI. REFERENCES BIOGRAPHY

[1] M.A.Pai, “Computer Techniques in Power System Analysis”, Satyajit Bhuyan received B.E Degree from Dibrugarh
second edition, ISBN: 0-07-059363-9, Tata McGraw Hill University, India in 1986 and M.E from Jadavpur
[2005].
[2] A.E. Guile and W.D. Paterson, „Electrical power systems,
University, Kolkata, India in 2002 and Ph.D from Jadavpur
Vol. 2‟. (Pergamon Press, 2nd edition, 1977). University, Kolkata, India, in 2006. Currently, he is an
[3] Dharamjit and D.K.Tanti, Load Flow study on IEEE 30 Associate Professor in Electrical Engineering Department
Bussystem, International Journal of Scientific and Research of Assam Engineering College, Guwahati, Assam.
Publications, Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2012, ISSN
2250-3153 Sanjib Hazarika received B.E Degree from Guwahati
[4] Muralikrishna Allem , J.O.Chandle, Prediction of Weakest University, Assam, in 2007, M.Tech from Tezpur
Area and Line in IEEE 57 Bus System, IJIRSET, Vol. 3, Issue University, Assam, India, in 2010 and pursuing Ph.D in
6, June 2014, ISSN: 2319-8753 Guwahati University, Assam, India. Currently, he is an
[5] Glenn W. Stagg and Ahmed H. El-Abiad, “Computer Methods
in Power System Analysis”, McGraw-Hill [1968].
Assistant Professor in Electrical Engineering Department
[6] S. Jamali. M.R.Javdan. H. Shateri and M. Ghorbani , “Load of GIMT, Azara, Guwahati, Assam.
Flow Method for Distribution Network Design by
Considering Committed Loads,”Universities Power Aroop Bardalai received B.E Degree from Guwahati
Engineering Conference , vol.41, no.3, pp. 856 – 860, University, Assam, INDIA in 1983 and M.E from IISC
sept.2006 Banglore in 1988 and Ph. D Degrees from Guwahati,
[7] N. Usha, Simulation results of eight bus system using push- INDIA in 2008 . Currently, he is an Associate Professor in
pull inverter base STATCOM, Journal of Theoretical and Electrical Engineering Department of Assam Engineering
Applied Information Technology, 2005 - 2009 JATIT. College, Guwahati, Assam.
[8] C. R. Feurte – Esquivel and E. Acha 'A Newton-type
algorithm for the control of power flow in electrical power
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Nov.1997.
[9] Rohit Kapahi, Load flow analysis of 132 KV substation using
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ETAP software, International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 2, February-
2013,ISSN 2229-5518
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