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Spinning Jenny: Cloth

The document discusses several important inventions from the 18th-19th centuries, including: - The spinning jenny, invented by James Hargreaves in 1764, which increased a worker's cotton spinning output eightfold. - The steam engine, which powered advances in textiles and transportation and was a primary cause of the transition to machine power. - The power loom, invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1784 to weave cloth on a large scale. - The sewing machine, which was invented by Walter Hunt in 1832 but not patented due to concerns over unemployment. - Dynamite, invented by Alfred Nobel after years of experimenting with nitroglycerin combinations to allow

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Jopay Gagatiga
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189 views11 pages

Spinning Jenny: Cloth

The document discusses several important inventions from the 18th-19th centuries, including: - The spinning jenny, invented by James Hargreaves in 1764, which increased a worker's cotton spinning output eightfold. - The steam engine, which powered advances in textiles and transportation and was a primary cause of the transition to machine power. - The power loom, invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1784 to weave cloth on a large scale. - The sewing machine, which was invented by Walter Hunt in 1832 but not patented due to concerns over unemployment. - Dynamite, invented by Alfred Nobel after years of experimenting with nitroglycerin combinations to allow

Uploaded by

Jopay Gagatiga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SPINNING JENNY

In 1764, British carpenter and weaver James Hargreaves invented a device which he called


a spinning jenny. It accomplished the complex task of pulling and twisting the cotton
cloth to make a strong thread. It is believed that Jenny was short for engine as it was a
spinning engine. The machine had eight spindles to begin with and increased the workers
output by eightfold. 

STEAM ENGINE

The s
team
engine is termed as the defining innovation of the first industrial revolution in Britain. It was
the energy behind advanced inventions in textiles (power loom, spinning mule) and
transport  (steam powered locomotives and ships) and was one of the primary causes for
the transition from human power to machine power.

POWER LOOM

In 1784, Edmund Cartwright visited the factory of Richard Arkwright where spinning of


cotton was done on a large scale. Impressed by the scale of production he deduced that
once Arkwright’s patent on spinning expired many factories would spawn all around, and
productions would skyrocket. The next obvious step would be to weave the cloth on a
large scale.

SEWING MACHINE
The first American lockstitch sewing machine was invented by Walter Hunt in 1832 but it
is said he did not patent his invention thinking of the unemployment it may cause. In a
lockstitch machine, the needle was pushed through the cloth and created a loop on the
other side; a shuttle on a track then slipped the second thread through the loop.

TELEGRAM

In the
year
1800,
Italian

physicist Alessandro Volta succeeded in making a battery which stored an electric current


and allowed the current to be used in a controlled environment. Twenty years later
Danish physicist Hans Christian Oersted demonstrated the connection between electricity
and magnetism.

HOT BLAST AND BESSEMER’S CONVERTED

Blast
furnaces
were
used in
India
and
China
since ancient times to chemically reduce and physically convert iron oxides into liquid
iron. 

DYNAMITE

 He experimented with various combinations of nitroglycerin and black powder without
luck. He came up with a solution of how to safely detonate nitroglycerin by  inventing the
detonator, or blasting cap, that allowed a controlled explosion set off from a distance but
the volatility problem still rendered it useless. 

INCANDESCENT LIGHT BULB


In 1806, Humphrey Davy, an Englishman, demonstrated a powerful electric lamp  by
creating a blinding electric spark between two charcoal rods. This device, known as an “arc
lamp”, was impractical for most uses. Throughout the 19th century, it was known to the
scientists that electricity when passed through some materials heated them up and made
them glow. 

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE


Steam
engine
was
the
major
source
of
engine
power
till
the late
19th
century. External combustion engines like steam required energy to be delivered to the
working fluid, like pressurized water. 

MODERN ASSEMBLY LINE

An

assembly line is a line of factory workers and equipment along which a product being
assembled passes consecutively from operation to operation until completed. 
THE REFLECTING TELESCOPE

Devised
by Isaac
Newton
in 1668,
the  refle
cting

telescope  changed the field of astronomy forever.

It was designed as an alternative to the refracting telescope which suffered from


severe chromatic aberration. 

THE FIRST-MASS PRODUCED TOOTHBRUSH


The
idea
came to
him
whilst
in jail
for
causing
a riot.
He
noted
that using a rag with soot and salt to clean teeth was ineffective and vowed to develop an easier
solution.
He founded the manufacturing company  Wisdom  that still makes them to this day. 

THE TIN CAN

Peter

Durand is often credited with the invention of the tin can in around 1810.

He did not pursue food canning himself and sold his patent in 1812 to Bryan Donkin and John Hall. 

THE FIRST MODERN TORPEDO

In 1866 
Robert

Whitehead devised the first self-propelled, 'modern' torpedo.

Whitehead devised and built a tubular device designed to run underwater on its own, powered
by compressed air.
THE THERMO FLASK

One of
the
lesser-
known

greatest British inventions is the Dewar Flask, vacuum flask or more commonly Thermos
Flask.

Sir James Dewar invented the first vacuum flask in 1892 whilst carrying out experiments in the
field of cryogenics.

THE FIRST PRACTICAL HOVERCRAFT


The Hovercraft or, more correctly, air-cushioned vehicle (ACV) was devised by Christopher
Cockerell in 1953.

Cockerell and his team were the first to develop the use of an annular ring to maintain the air
cushion.

THE WHITTLE TURBO-JET ENGINE

RAF
College
Cranwell
cadet
Frank
Whittle
submitted
his initial
design for
a turbo-
jet to his
superiors
in 1928. 
Determined to become a pilot for the Royal Air Force, it was whilst writing his thesis at
the RAF College Cranwell that Frank Whittle first developed the fundamental concepts of the
turbojet engine.

THE FIRST PATENTED PNEUMATIC TIRE


The first
patent
for what
we
would
call a

pneumatic tire was filed in 1847 by Robert William Thomson.

STAINLESS STEEL READY FOR MASS-PRODUCTION

Corrosion-resistant iron-chromium alloys were first recognized in 1821 by the French


metallurgist Pierre Berthier.However, it wasn't until 1913 that Harry Brearley discovered a
means of mass-producing martensitic stainless steel. 

THE MACKINTOSH COAT


The Mackintosh coat is surely one of the greatest British inventions of all time. Charles
Mackintosh, a Scottish Chemist, managed to develop a way to waterproof clothing using
rubber. His innovation enabled rubber to be placed inside fabric and maintain its shape and not
degrade during extremes in temperature throughout summer and winter. 

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