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Working of AC Generator: Different Positions of A Coil

A coil rotating in a magnetic field induces an alternating current (AC) in the coil. As the coil rotates, the magnetic flux linked with it changes direction periodically. This causes the induced emf in the coil to reverse direction with each half rotation according to Faraday's law of induction. The output is a sine wave showing the variation of induced emf with angle of rotation and time.

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64 views

Working of AC Generator: Different Positions of A Coil

A coil rotating in a magnetic field induces an alternating current (AC) in the coil. As the coil rotates, the magnetic flux linked with it changes direction periodically. This causes the induced emf in the coil to reverse direction with each half rotation according to Faraday's law of induction. The output is a sine wave showing the variation of induced emf with angle of rotation and time.

Uploaded by

Kiran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Working of AC Generator

The coil is rotated in the magnetic field to produce a strong magnetic field.
As coil on one side moves up through the magnetic field, an emf is induced
in one direction. As the rotation of the coil continues and this side of a coil
moves down and another side of the coil moves up, an emf is induced in
the reverse direction. Fleming’s right-hand rule is used to determine the
direction of the induced emf. This process repeats for every cycle and the
emf produced is of alternating type.

Different Positions of a Coil


The output of an AC generator is shown above with a graph.

 A – When the coil is at 0 degrees, the coil moves parallel to the


direction of the magnetic field and hence induces no emf.
 B – When the coil is at 90 degrees, the coil moves at 90˚ to the
magnetic field and hence induces maximum emf.
 C – When the coil is at 180 degrees, the coil again moves parallel to
the magnetic field and hence induces no emf.
 D – When the coil is at 270 degrees, the coil again moves at 90˚ to
the magnetic field and hence induces maximum emf. Here, the induced
emf is opposite to that of B.
 A – When the coil is at 360 degrees, the coil has completed one
rotation and it moves parallel to the magnetic field and induces zero emf.
Consider a coil of rectangular shape with ‘N’ turns that rotates in a uniform
magnetic field ‘B’ of an angular velocity ‘ω’. The angle between the
magnetic field ‘B’ and normal to the coil at any time ‘t’ is given by, θ = ωt.
In this position, the magnetic flux is perpendicular to the plane of a coil and
is given by B Cos ωt.

The magnetic flux linked with a coil of N turns is ɸ = B Cos ωt A, where A is


the area of a coil.
The induced emf in the coil is given by Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic
Induction, which is

ε = – dØ/dt
= – d (NBA Cos ωt)/dt
ε = NBA ω | sin ωt —— (i)
When the coil rotates through 90˚, the value of sine becomes 1 and the emf
induced will be maximum, the above equation (i) reduces to,

ε0 = N Bm A ω = N Bm A 2πf ——- (ii)


Where Bm refers to the maximum flux density in Wb/m2
‘A’ refers to the area of a coil in m2

‘f’ = frequency of rotation of a coil in rev/second.

Substitute (ii) in (i),

ε = ε0 sin ωt
Induced alternating current is given by, I = ε/R = ε0 sin ωt/ R

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