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Lecture2 16 PDF

1. The document discusses concepts in physics including magnetic fields created by electric currents, magnetic forces and torques on current-carrying wires and magnetic dipoles, and the Biot-Savart law for computing magnetic fields from electric currents. 2. Key equations presented include the magnetic force on a current-carrying wire, magnetic torque on a magnetic dipole, and the Biot-Savart law for computing the magnetic field from a current element. 3. Examples are given of computing magnetic fields and forces in different physical situations involving currents and magnetic dipoles.

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86 views

Lecture2 16 PDF

1. The document discusses concepts in physics including magnetic fields created by electric currents, magnetic forces and torques on current-carrying wires and magnetic dipoles, and the Biot-Savart law for computing magnetic fields from electric currents. 2. Key equations presented include the magnetic force on a current-carrying wire, magnetic torque on a magnetic dipole, and the Biot-Savart law for computing the magnetic field from a current element. 3. Examples are given of computing magnetic fields and forces in different physical situations involving currents and magnetic dipoles.

Uploaded by

jeez jani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 2102

Gabriela González

Note: If wire is not straight,


compute force on differential
elements and integrate:

1
Wire with current i.
Magnetic field out of page.
What is net force on wire?

By symmetry, F2 will only


have a vertical component,

Notice that the force is the same as that for a straight wire,
and this would be true no
L R R L matter what the shape of
the central segment!.

Torque on a current loop: Principle behind electric motors.


Rectangular coil: a x b, current = i

Net force on current loop = 0


But: Net torque is NOT zero!

For a coil with N turns,


τ = N I A B sinθ,
where A is the area of coil

2
We just showed: τ = NiABsinθ
N=number of turns in coil Right hand rule:
A=area of coil. curl fingers in direction
of current;
Define: magnetic dipole moment µ
thumb points along µ

As in the case of electric dipoles, magnetic dipoles tend to align


with the magnetic field (where potential energy is a minimum).

+Q
p=Qa

-Q
QE
θ

QE

3
•  Magnetic force on a moving electric charge:
F=qvxB
•  Magnetic Force on a wire:
F=iLxB
•  Magnetic Torque on a magnetic dipole:
τ = µ x B (potential energy: U= - µ· B )

A magnetic dipole with a dipole moment of magnitude


0.02 J/T is released from rest in a uniform magnetic field
of magnitude 50 mT. The rotation of the dipole due to the
magnetic force on it is unimpeded. When the dipole
rotates through the orientation where its dipole moment is
aligned with the magnetic field, its kinetic energy is 0.70
mJ.

(a) What is the initial angle between the dipole moment


and the magnetic field?

(b) What is the angle when the dipole is next


(momentarily) at rest?

4
A wire of 62.0 cm length and 13 g mass is
suspended by a pair of flexible leads in a magnetic
field of 0.440 T. What are the magnitude and
direction of the current required to remove the
tension in the supporting leads?

Electric fields are created:


•  microscopically, by electric charges (fields) of elementary particles (electrons, protons)
•  macroscopically, by adding the field of many elementary charges of the same sign

Magnetic fields are created :


•  microscopically, by magnetic “moments” of elementary particles
(electrons, protons, neutrons)
•  macroscopically, by
•  adding many microscopic magnetic moments
(magnetic materials); or by
•  electric charges that move (electric currents)

5
When we computed the electric field due to charges we used
Coulomb’s law. If one had a large irregular object, one broke it
into infinitesimal pieces and computed,

Which we can
write as,

Magnetic fields are produced by electrical currents.


If you wish to compute the magnetic field due to a
current in a wire, you use the law of Biot and Savart.

?
Jean-Baptiste Felix Savart
Biot (1774-1862) i (1791-1841)

•  Quantitative rule for


computing the magnetic field
from any electric current
•  Choose a differential element
of wire of length dL and
carrying a current i
•  The field dB from this element µ0 =4πx10-7 T.m/A
at a point located by the vector (permeability constant)
r is given by the Biot-Savart
Law: Compare with:

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